scholarly journals Detection of Changes in Arable Chernozemic Soil Health Based on Landsat TM Archive Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411
Author(s):  
Igor Savin ◽  
Elena Prudnikova ◽  
Yury Chendev ◽  
Anastasia Bek ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Arable Soils

When soils are used for a long period of time as arable land, their properties change. This can lead to soil degradation and loss of fertility, as well as other important soil biosphere functions. Obtaining data on the trends in arable soil conditions over large areas using traditional field survey methods is expensive and time-consuming. Currently, there are large archives of satellite data that can be used to monitor the status of arable soils. The analysis of changes in the color of the surface of arable chernozem soils of the Belgorod region, for the period from 1985 to the present, has been carried out based on the analysis of Landsat TM5 satellite data and information about the spectral reflectance of the soils of the region. It is found that, on most parts of arable lands of the region, the color of the soil surface has not changed significantly since 1985. Color changes were revealed on 11% of the analyzed area. The greatest changes are connected with the humus content and moisture content of soils. The three most probable reasons for the change of humus content in an arable horizon of soils are as follows: the dehumidification of soils during plowing; the reduction of the humus content due to water erosion; and the increase in humus content due to changes in the land-use system of the region in recent years. The change in soil moisture regime has mainly been found in arable lands in river valleys, most likely conditioned by the natural evolution of soils. Trends of increasing soil moisture are prevalent. The revealed regularities testify to the high stability of arable soils in the region during the last few decades.

Water relations of Pinus radiata under plantation conditions

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Autumn Leaf ◽  
Leaf Water Deficit ◽  
Old Trees

Two groups of four 9-year-old trees of P. radiata were isolated "droughted" by lining trenches, and covering the soil surface, with plastic film. Two similar groups served as controls. Soils in the control plots dried out to above pF 4.2 during a 6 weeks' drought in late summer, and again in a shorter dry period in autumn. Leaf water deficit (L.W.D.) was correlated with soil moisture tension (S.M.T.) while there was available soil moisture, and rose during the drought to a maximum of 22.8. Autumn rain which wet the upper part of the soil profile reduced the L.W.D. to a mean value of 12. In the droughted plots, S.M.T. rose to above pF 4.2 in the first six weeks and remained high for the rest of the experimental period. During normal weather with occasional light falls of rain, L.W.D. was maintained at about 17-significantly higher than the corresponding values for the control plots. With the onset of dry weather, L.W.D. in the droughted plots rose further, but not significantly higher than in the controls. L.W.D. decreased when rain occurred, although less than in the control plots. P. radiata is able to maintain moderate turgidity in its needles, even under very dry soil conditions, as long as there is frequent precipitation sufficient to wet the foliage.

scholarly journals Soil acidity and mobile aluminum status in pseudogley soils in Cacak-Kraljevo basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
Djordje Jockovic ◽  
Goran Dugalic ◽  
Goran Bekavac ◽  
Bozana Purar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
The Mean

Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are considered most damaging soil conditions affecting the growth of most crops. This paper reviews the results of tests of pH, exchangeable acidity and mobile aluminum (Al) concentration in profiles of pseudogley soils from Cacak-Kraljevo basin. For that purpose, 102 soil pits were dug in 2009 in several sites around Cacak- Kraljevo basin. The tests encompassed 54 field, 28 meadow, and 20 forest soil samples. Samples of soil in the disturbed state were taken from the Ah and Eg horizons (102 samples), from the B1tg horizon in 39 field, 24 meadow and 15 forest pits (a total of 78 samples) and from the B2tg horizon in 14 field, 11 meadow, and 4 forest pits (a total of 29 samples). Mean pH values (1M KCl) of the tested soil profiles were 4.28, 3.90 and 3.80 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. Soil pH of forest samples was lower than those in meadow and arable land samples (mean values of 4.06, 3.97 and 3.85 for arable land, meadow and forest samples, respectively). Soil acidification was especially intensive in deep horizons, as 27% (Ah), 77% (Eg) and 87% (B1tg) soil samples had the pH value below 4.0. Mean values of total exchangeable acidity (TEA) were 1.55, 2.33 and 3.40 meq 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. The TEA values in forest soils were considerably higher (3.39 meq 100 g-1) than those in arable soils and meadow soils (1.96 and 1.93, respectively). Mean mobile Al contents of tested soil samples were 11.02, 19.58 and 28.33 mg Al 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. According to the pH and TEA values, mobile Al was considerably higher in the forest soils (the mean value of 26.08 mg Al 100 g-1) than in the arable soils and meadow soils (the mean values of 16.85 and 16.00 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). The Eg and B1tg horizons of the forest soil had especially high mobile Al contents (the mean values of 28.50 and 32.95 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). High levels of mobile Al were especially frequent in the forest soils, with 35% (Ah), 85.0% (Eg) and 93.3% (B1tg) of the tested samples ranging above 10 mg Al 100 g-1.

Neural networks for the inversion of soil surface parameters from synthetic aperture radar satellite data

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmod Reza Sahebi ◽  
Ferdinand Bonn ◽  
Goze B Bénié
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Surface Parameters ◽  
Aperture Radar

This paper presents an application of neural networks to the extraction of bare soil surface parameters such as roughness and soil moisture content using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data. It uses a fast learning algorithm for training a multilayer feedforward neural network using the Kalman filter technique. Two different databases (theoretical and empirical) were used for the learning stage. Each database was configured as single and multiangular sets of input data (data acquired at two different incidence angles) that are compatible with data from one and two satellite images, respectively. All the configurations are trained and then evaluated using RADARSAT-1 and simulated data. The empirical (measured) database with the multiangular set of input data configuration had the best accuracy with a mean error of 1.54 cm for root mean square (rms) height of the surface roughness and 2.45 for soil dielectric constant in the study area. Based on these results the proposed approach was applied on RADARSAT-1 images from the Chateauguay watershed area (Quebec, Canada) and the final results are presented in the form of roughness and humidity maps.Key words: neural networks, Kalman filter, RADARSAT, SAR, soil roughness, soil moisture.

scholarly journals Hydropedological parameters limiting soil moisture regime floodplain ecosystems of south Moravia

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Ladislav Kubík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Floodplain Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Wilting Point

Soil moisture regime of floodplain ecosystems in southern Moravia is considerably influenced and greatly changed by human activities. It can be changed negatively by water management engineering or positively by landscape revitalizations. The paper deals with problems of hydropedological characteristics (hydrolimits) limiting soil moisture regime and solves effect of hydrological factors on soil moisture regime in the floodplain ecosystems. Attention is paid especially to water retention curves and to hydrolimits – wilting point and field capacity. They can be acquired either directly by slow laboratory assessment, derivation from the water retention curves or indirectly by calculation using pedotransfer functions (PTF). This indirect assessment uses hydrolimit dependency on better available soil physical parameters namely soil granularity, bulk density and humus content. The aim is to calculate PTF for wilting point and field capacity and to compare them with measured values. The paper documents suitableness utilization of PTF for the region of interest. The results of correlation and regression analysis for soil moisture and groundwater table are furthermore presented.

Rotation, tillage and seeder effects on winter wheat performance and soil moisture regime

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Lindwall ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
J. M. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Southern Alberta

The optimum management system for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in southern Alberta has not been adequately defined. A 9-yr (1978–1986) study was conducted to determine the effects of three rotations (continuous winter wheat, winter wheat–fallow and winter wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–fallow), two tillage systems (conventional tillage, zero tillage) and two seeder types (hoe-drill, disc drill) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use. Continuous cropping to winter wheat was terminated after 4 yr because of a heavy downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) infestation. Soil moisture reserves to 1.5-m depth fell to only 61% of that under the wheat–fallow rotation. Wheat grown in the wheat–barley–fallow rotation yielded on average 4% higher than that in the wheat–fallow rotation. Yields under zero tillage were significantly higher in 3 of the 9 study years, and slightly higher in 5 yr, due to better soil moisture conservation once the zero-tillage treatment was established for 2 yr. Zero tillage was most beneficial when precipitation at fall planting was less than normal. The hoe-drill provided more effective seed placement than the disc drill when surface soil conditions were dry at or soon after seeding. A management system which incorporates zero tillage (and preferably seeding with a hoe drill) into a 3-yr (wheat–barley–fallow) rotation is best suited for winter wheat production in southern Alberta. Key words: Wheat (winter), crop rotation, zero tillage, seed drill, soil moisture regime

scholarly journals Combined use of optical and radar satellite data for the monitoring of irrigation and soil moisture of wheat crops

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fieuzal ◽  
B. Duchemin ◽  
L. Jarlan ◽  
M. Zribi ◽  
F. Baup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Envisat Asar ◽  
Radar Satellite

Abstract. The objective of this study is to get a better understanding of radar signal over irrigated wheat fields and to assess the potentialities of radar observations for the monitoring of soil moisture. Emphasis is put on the use of high spatial and temporal resolution satellite data (Envisat/ASAR and Formosat-2). Time series of images were collected over the Yaqui irrigated area (Mexico) throughout one agricultural season from December 2007 to May 2008, together with measurements of soil and vegetation characteristics and agricultural practices. The comprehensive analysis of these data indicates that the sensitivity of the radar signal to vegetation is masked by the variability of soil conditions. On-going irrigated areas can be detected all over the wheat growing season. The empirical algorithm developed for the retrieval of topsoil moisture from Envisat/ASAR images takes advantage of the Formosat-2 instrument capabilities to monitor the seasonality of wheat canopies. This monitoring is performed using dense time series of images acquired by Formosat-2 to set up the SAFY vegetation model. Topsoil moisture estimates are not reliable at the timing of plant emergence and during plant senescence. Estimates are accurate from tillering to grain filling stages with an absolute error about 9% (0.09 m3 m−3, 35% in relative value). This result is attractive since topsoil moisture is estimated at a high spatial resolution (i.e. over subfields of about 5 ha) for a large range of biomass water content (from 5 and 65 t ha−1 independently from the viewing angle of ASAR acquisition (incidence angles IS1 to IS6).

Deep Tillage, Soil Moisture Regime, and Optimizing N Nutrition for Sustaining Soil Health and Sugarcane Yield in Subtropical India

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Shukla ◽  
R. L. Yadav ◽  
Rajendra Gupta ◽  
Akhilesh Kr Singh ◽  
S. K. Awasthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

Experimental studies on some observed variations in Luffa aegyptiaca

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

The causes of some observed variations in plant size and leaf morphology of populations of Luffa aegyptiaca were investigated experimentally. The effects of soil type, soil salinity, soil moisture content, and mineral nutrients on the germination and growth of this species were examined. The results indicate that variations in size and leaf morphology between the population groups earlier described probably were caused by variations in soil type and soil nutrients. Nitrate was responsible for variation in leaf colour, potassium for leaf invagination, and phosphorus and nitrate together for leaf texture. Nitrate also played a major role in the variation in leaf size while calcium played a subsidiary role. Within a single population, variations would possibly also be caused by differences in soil conditions, principally humus content, soil moisture content, and salinity. The wide adaptability exhibited by this species also helps to explain its distribution on a wide range of soils.

EFFETS DU pH ET DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA TENEUR EN Mn DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER CULTIVES EN SERRE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were grown under greenhouse conditions, on Ste-Rosalie clay and St-Jude sand adjusted at pH of 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, in order to determine the effect of soil pH and soil moisture regimes on the yields of the two legumes. Three soil moisture regimes were used: (1) humid (H1), with soil moisture between saturation point and field capacity; (2) optimum (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value; (3) dry (H3), with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point. Under the dry soil moisture regime (H3), birdsfoot trefoil behaved in the same way as did alfalfa. Their drought resistance decreased as the soil pH increased. Dry matter yields were reduced by 61.5% when soils were limed at the pH of 7.5. Under the humid soil moisture regime (H1), the productivity of alfalfa decreased much more than that of birdsfoot trefoil. The effect of excess soil moisture on alfalfa was mostly observed on the unlimed soils. Under these wet and acid soil conditions, alfalfa was intoxicated and suffocated due to high exchangeable manganese content and poor soil aeration. Liming soils to the pH of 7.5 decreased exchangeable Mn in soils to a non-toxic level and alfalfa could then grow well enough to transpire off the excess of soil water. Birdsfoot trefoil was much less influenced by soil acidity and poor drainage than alfalfa was.

Rainfall Conservation and The Yields Of Sorghum and Groundnuts in Northern Nigeria

1966 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Lawes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Poor Soil

SummaryThe use of cultivation techniques to conserve rainfall, by preventing runoff, and to improve the soil surface infiltration rate, has produced spectacular increases in the yield of cotton on the Loess Plain soils of Northern Nigeria, where yields of the order of 2000 lb seed cotton per acre can now be produced regularly irrespective of the rainfall pattern. As yields of this level had not been obtained previously, it has been concluded that lack of soil moisture and poor soil aeration have in the past set a ceiling to seed cotton yields. The effects of these cultivation treatments on the two other major crops of the area, sorghum and groundnuts, have now been examined, and results from a series of field experiments over six seasons indicate that adequate soil moisture is essential to the production of high yields, but that the other soil conditions which are alleviated by these cultivations are not so critical for these two crops as they are for cotton. Reasons are suggested why spectacular increases in yield in response to the treatments are not generally to be expected with sorghum and groundnuts.

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