scholarly journals Interferometric Phase Error Analysis and Compensation in GNSS-InSAR: A Case Study of Structural Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3041
Author(s):  
Zhanze Wang ◽  
Feifeng Liu ◽  
Tao Zeng ◽  
Chenghao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Error ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Direct Wave ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Phase Errors ◽  
Interferometric Phase ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) employs GNSS satellites as transmitters of opportunity and a fixed receiver with two channels, i.e., direct wave and echo, on the ground. The repeat-pass concept is adopted in GNSS-based InSAR to retrieve the deformation of the target area, and it has inherited advantages from the GNSS system, such as a short repeat-pass period and multi-angle retrieval. However, several interferometric phase errors, such as inter-channel and atmospheric errors, are introduced into GNSS-based InSAR, which seriously decreases the accuracy of the retrieved deformation. In this paper, a deformation retrieval algorithm is presented to assess the compensation of the interferometric phase errors in GNSS-based InSAR. Firstly, the topological phase error was eliminated based on accurate digital elevation model (DEM) information from a light detection and ranging (lidar) system. Secondly, the inter-channel phase error was compensated, using direct wave in the echo channel, i.e., a back lobe signal. Finally, by modeling the atmospheric phase, the residual atmospheric phase error was compensated for. This is the first realization of the deformation detection of urban scenes using a GNSS-based system, and the results suggest the effectiveness of the phase error compensation algorithm.

Demarcation of Levees in Irrigated Rice Fields: Laser Technology vs. GNSS-RTK

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Valle Bueno ◽  
Alexssandra Dayane Soares de Campos ◽  
Jaqueline Trombetta da Silva ◽  
Lessandro Coll Faria ◽  
Fabrício da Silva Terra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. Levees are small land dikes made every rice-cultivation season that allow for flood irrigation in rice fields. Currently, levees are demarcated by utilizing a laser technology (LT) system. However, with current technological advances, the demarcation of levees with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and real-time kinematics (RTK) correction has been highlighted in rice production systems in southern Brazil. The objective of this study was to compare the performance between LT and GNSS-RTK systems applied in the demarcation of levees that are used in flooded rice fields. To this end, an experimental area of approximately 27 ha located in Jaguarão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, was used. From a digital elevation model, the area was subdivided into three subareas according to the mean slope: flat (0.16%), intermediate (0.36%), and gently undulated (1.3%). The total length of the levees for the three subareas was 8 km. The relative performances of both demarcation systems were evaluated by analyzing the vertical and horizontal behavior of the levees and the water layer spatial distribution. The results indicated that the demarcation of levees by GNSS-RTK systems is more accurate than that by the LT system, especially in flat areas. In these areas, the GNSS-RTK demarcation system permits a reduction in the total number of levees, as well as an increase in the vertical equidistance between levees and/or an increase in the height of the levee itself. The length of the levee is shorter than in a demarcation using the GNSS-RTK system. Keywords: Contour line, Irrigation, Lowlands, Precision agriculture.

Progress in Time Series Soil Moisture Retrievals Using the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System Mission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Khaldi ◽  
Joel Johnson ◽  
Scott Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Gps Satellites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

<p>NASA's Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission has continued to provide measurements of land surface specular scattering since its launch in December 2016. CYGNSS’s operates in a GNSS-R configuration in which  CYGNSS satellites together with GPS satellites form a bistatic radar geometry with GPS satellites acting as transmitters and CYGNSS satellites acting as receivers. The fundamental GNSS-R measurement obtained using the CYGNSS observatories is the delay-Doppler map (DDM), from which normalized radar cross section (NRCS) estimates are derived. The sensitivity of CYGNSS measurements to a wide range of surface properties has motivated their use for soil moisture retrievals.</p><p>This presentation reports an updated analysis of soil moisture retrieval errors using a previously reported time series soil moisture retrieval algorithm that considers a  multi-year CYGNSS dataset. The presentation also reports recent progress in which further simplifications to the proposed algorithm are introduced that limit its need for ancillary soil moisture data and promote use in an operational capacity. This is accomplished, in part, through the incorporation of a recently developed global Level-1 coherence detection methodology and the use of a soil moisture climatology.</p><p>Soil moisture is sensed using a time-series retrieval in which NRCS ratios derived from CYGNSS measurements are used to form a system of equations that can be solved for a times series of surface reflectivities. While the NRCS exhibits a dependence on a wide range of properties such as soil moisture, soil composition, vegetation cover, and surface roughness, NRCS ratios in consecutive acquisitions, at sufficiently low latency, exhibit a direct proportionality to reflectivity ratios that are a function of soil permittivity and therefore soil moisture. The dependence of NRCS ratios on reflectivity facilitates a location dependent inversion of reflectivity to soil moisture through a dielectric mixing model. The use of NRCS ratios however results in N-1 equations for the N soil moistures in the time series, thereby necessitating the incorporation of additional information typically expressed in terms of maximum and/or minimum soil moisture (or reflectivity) values over the time series when solving the system. These values can be obtained either from ancillary data from other systems or from a soil moisture climatology as incorporated in this presentation.</p><p>Retrieved moisture values from the updated algorithm are compared against observed values reported by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. The findings suggest that there exists potential for using GNSS-R systems for global soil moisture retrievals with an RMS error on the order of 0.06 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> over varied terrain. The dependence of the algorithm’s retrieval error on land cover class, soil texture, and moisture variability trends will be reported in detail in this presentation.</p>

scholarly journals Large-scale map and 3D modelling of the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station

Polar Record ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Pasik ◽  
Maria Elżbieta Kowalska ◽  
Sławomir Łapiński ◽  
Marcin Rajner ◽  
Krzysztof Bakuła
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

ABSTRACTThis paper presents survey measurements carried out during the 39th Polish Antarctic Expedition to the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station in March 2015. The measurements were used to create a map on a 1:500 scale and for 3D modelling of the station buildings and vicinity. The paper also presents the geodetic control network established around the station. We discuss the issue of creating a digital elevation model for the station and its surroundings. The elevation models were generated using terrestrial laser scanning data integrated with Global Navigation Satellite System real time kinematic and tacheometric surveying. The accuracy of these models was estimated using height differences in relation to survey data. The mean height difference was 0.03 m and root mean square error was 0.05 m. Furthermore, an analysis of changes to the coastline was conducted using archival cartographic materials to assess the threat of Admiralty Bay to the station buildings. The results are important for continued scientific activity and safety at Arctowski Station, and may be useful for future research on King George Island.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems’ Lidar Data Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Babbel ◽  
Michael J. Olsen ◽  
Erzhuo Che ◽  
Ben A. Leshchinsky ◽  
Chase Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Precision Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Uncrewed aircraft systems (UASs) with integrated light detection and ranging (lidar) technology are becoming an increasingly popular and efficient remote sensing method for mapping. Due to its quick deployment and comparatively inexpensive cost, uncrewed laser scanning (ULS) can be a desirable solution to conduct topographic surveys for areas sized on the order of square kilometers compared to the more prevalent and mature method of airborne laser scanning (ALS) used to map larger areas. This paper rigorously assesses the accuracy and quality of a ULS system with comparisons to terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data, total station (TS) measurements, and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) check points. Both the TLS and TS technologies are ideal for this assessment due to their high accuracy and precision. Data for this analysis were collected over a period of two days to map a landslide complex in Mulino, Oregon. Results show that the digital elevation model (DEM) produced from the ULS had overall vertical accuracies of approximately 6 and 13 cm at 95% confidence when compared to the TS cross-sections for the road surface only and road and vegetated surfaces, respectively. When compared to the TLS data, overall biases of −2.4, 1.1, and −2.7 cm were observed in X, Y, and Z with a 3D RMS difference of 8.8 cm. Additional qualitative and quantitative assessments discussed in this paper show that ULS can provide highly accurate topographic data, which can be used for a wide variety of applications. However, further research could improve the overall accuracy and efficiency of the cloud-to-cloud swath adjustment and calibration processes for georeferencing the ULS point cloud.

scholarly journals A Fast Acquisition Algorithm Overcoming Fuzz Problems for TDDM Spread Spectrum Signal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yongxin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Phase Error ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Frequency Error ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Error Message ◽  
Fast Acquisition ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Time Division

TDDM (time division data modulation) technique will be used in the next generation GNSS (global navigation satellite system) to improve processing performance and to reduce inter-GNSS interference; however, the emergence of TDDM signal causes the estimation frequency and message reversal fuzz problems in the acquisition process of a GNSS receiver. At present, the traditional acquisition methods have some limitations and shortcomings. Therefore, aiming at the unique characteristics of TDDM signal, a fast acquisition algorithm is proposed to overcome these fuzz problems in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, three stages are obtained by some key technologies, which are theI-Qfrequency compensation, superposition processing, subsection processing, and reversion position estimation. Besides, the algorithm is simulated from carrier frequency error, code phase error, message inversion error, and processing speed. Theoretical and simulation results show that the new algorithm can quickly overcome the fuzz problems, and the new algorithm is better than the existing algorithm in the speed and accuracy, which demonstrates that this new algorithm is an effective search scheme for the next generation GNSS signals.

scholarly journals VALIDATION OF THE DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (SRTM) WITH GNSS SURVEYING APPLIED TO THE MIRIM LAGOON HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-425
Author(s):  
Patricia Andréia Paiola Scalco ◽  
Andrea Lopes Iescheck ◽  
Iran Carlos Stalliviere Corrêa ◽  
Fernando Comerlato Scottá ◽  
Rafael Mastracusa de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Geopotential Model ◽  
Kinematic Positioning ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Vertical Accuracy ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract Between 2013 and 2014, a kinematic positioning based on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) was carried out for this research work. This GNSS survey resulted in 275916 points with tridimensional coordinates in the cross-border basin area of 58205 km2 called Mirim Lagoon Hydrographic Basin, located in south of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and west of Uruguay. This study aims at showing the methodology firstly and, furthermore, results regarding the validation of the vertical accuracy of the DEM SRTM through kinematic positioning by GNSS, in the Mirim Lagoon Hydrographic Basin region. Also, the GNSS surveying data was post-processed with the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method, and the ellipsoidal height was converted into orthometric height through the software INTPT geoid. During this study, the geopotential model (EGM96) was used to transform altitude differences between two countries, Brazil and Uruguay. Results showed that the vertical mean absolute error of the DEM SRTM vary from 0.07 m to ± 9.9m with average of -0.28m. This vertical accuracy is better than the absolute vertical accuracy value of ±16m published in the SRTM data specification and validates the DEM SRTM.

scholarly journals Development of an Integrated Digital Elevation Model for Safe Takeoff and Landing of the Aircraft

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Adam Ciećko ◽  
Wojciech Jarmołowski
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Inertial Navigation System ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Flight Parameters ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Prototype Software ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

ABSTRACT The article describes preliminary results of the augmentation of Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System positioning (GNSS/INS) by Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on the data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and data from field survey. The prototype software is developed to refer the position of the aircraft to DEM and informs the user about the current relevant flight parameters. The number of the parameters may be arbitrarily increased, however, currently we investigate the altitude above the terrain and the aircraft position relative to the descent path and airfield. The study provides some information on the local SRTM accuracy in relation to the field survey of the airfield "Dajtki" - Aeroclub of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.

The characteristics of transforming coordinates from the geocentric system WGS-84 for the Mercator projection under low latitudes conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
J.A. Younes ◽  
M.G. Mustafin
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Programming Algorithm ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Mercator Projection ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Rectangular Coordinates ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Coordination Methods

The issue of calculating the plane rectangular coordinates using the data obtained by the satellite observations during the creation of the geodetic networks is discussed in the article. The peculiarity of these works is in conversion of the coordinates into the Mercator projection, while the plane coordinate system on the base of Gauss-Kruger projection is used in Russia. When using the technology of global navigation satellite system, this task is relevant for any point (area) of the Earth due to a fundamentally different approach in determining the coordinates. The fact is that satellite determinations are much more precise than the ground coordination methods (triangulation and others). In addition, the conversion to the zonal coordinate system is associated with errors; the value at present can prove to be completely critical. The expediency of using the Mercator projection in the topographic and geodetic works production at low latitudes is shown numerically on the basis of model calculations. To convert the coordinates from the geocentric system with the Mercator projection, a programming algorithm which is widely used in Russia was chosen. For its application under low-latitude conditions, the modification of known formulas to be used in Saudi Arabia is implemented.

scholarly journals Detecting Apples in the Wild: Potential for Harvest Quantity Estimation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8054
Author(s):  
Artur Janowski ◽  
Rafał Kaźmierczak ◽  
Cezary Kowalczyk ◽  
Jakub Szulwic
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Manual Counting ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Knowing the exact number of fruits and trees helps farmers to make better decisions in their orchard production management. The current practice of crop estimation practice often involves manual counting of fruits (before harvesting), which is an extremely time-consuming and costly process. Additionally, this is not practicable for large orchards. Thanks to the changes that have taken place in recent years in the field of image analysis methods and computational performance, it is possible to create solutions for automatic fruit counting based on registered digital images. The pilot study aims to confirm the state of knowledge in the use of three methods (You Only Look Once—YOLO, Viola–Jones—a method based on the synergy of morphological operations of digital imagesand Hough transformation) of image recognition for apple detecting and counting. The study compared the results of three image analysis methods that can be used for counting apple fruits. They were validated, and their results allowed the recommendation of a method based on the YOLO algorithm for the proposed solution. It was based on the use of mass accessible devices (smartphones equipped with a camera with the required accuracy of image acquisition and accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning) for orchard owners to count growing apples. In our pilot study, three methods of counting apples were tested to create an automatic system for estimating apple yields in orchards. The test orchard is located at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. The tests were carried out on four trees located in different parts of the orchard. For the tests used, the dataset contained 1102 apple images and 3800 background images without fruits.

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