scholarly journals Strength of Crowd (SOC)—Defeating a Reactive Jammer in IoT with Decoy Messages

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savio Sciancalepore ◽  
Gabriele Oligeri ◽  
Roberto Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Protocol Stack ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Extensive Simulation ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Experimental Campaign

We propose Strength of Crowd (SoC), a distributed Internet of Things (IoT) protocol that guarantees message broadcast from an initiator to all network nodes in the presence of either a reactive or a proactive jammer, that targets a variable portion of the radio spectrum. SoC exploits a simple, yet innovative and effective idea: nodes not (currently) involved in the broadcast process transmit decoy messages that cannot be distinguished (by the jammer) from the real ones. Therefore, the jammer has to implement a best-effort strategy to jam all the concurrent communications up to its frequency/energy budget. SoC exploits the inherent parallelism that stems from the massive deployments of IoT nodes to guarantee a high number of concurrent communications, exhausting the jammer capabilities and hence leaving a subset of the communications not jammed. It is worth noting that SoC could be adopted in several wireless scenarios; however, we focus on its application to the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) domain, including IoT, Machine-to-Machine (M2M), Device-to-Device (D2D), to name a few. In this framework, we provide several contributions: firstly, we show the details of the SoC protocol, as well as its integration with the IEEE 802.15.4-2015 MAC protocol; secondly, we study the broadcast delay to deliver the message to all the nodes in the network; and finally, we run an extensive simulation and experimental campaign to test our solution. We consider the state-of-the-art OpenMote-B experimental platform, adopting the OpenWSN open-source protocol stack. Experimental results confirm the quality and viability of our solution.

Designing and Implementing a Lightweight WSN MAC Protocol for Smart Home Networking Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 1750043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Han Chen ◽  
Ming-Yi Lin ◽  
Wen-Hung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Packet Delivery

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) represent a promising solution in the fields of the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine-to-machine networks for smart home applications. However, to feasibly deploy wireless sensor devices in a smart home environment, four key requirements must be satisfied: stability, compatibility, reliability routing, and performance and power balance. In this study, we focus on the unreliability problem of the IEEE 802.15.4 WSN medium access control (MAC), which is caused by the contention-based MAC protocol used for channel access. This problem results in a low packet delivery ratio, particularly in a smart home network with only a few sensor nodes. In this paper, we first propose a lightweight WSN protocol for a smart home or an intelligent building, thus replacing the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, which is highly complex and has a low packet delivery ratio. Subsequently, we describe the development of a discrete event system model for the WSN by using a GRAFCET and propose a development platform based on a reconfigurable FPGA for reducing fabrication cost and time. Finally, a prototype WSN controller ASIC chip without an extra CPU and with our proposed lightweight MAC was developed and tested. It enhanced the packet delivery ratio by up to 100%.

Research on Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Open Source System

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 712-718
Author(s):  
Guang You Yang ◽  
Si Jian Zhu ◽  
Rui Quan ◽  
Zhi Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Protocol Stack ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Radio Transceiver

As the key technologies such as wireless communication, sensor continues to mature, wireless sensor networks has become a domestic and foreign focus of research in the field of wireless networks. The main work of the thesis is to implement ZigBee wireless sensor networking, using open source protocol FreakZ On the base of existing hardware. WSN hardware node consists of 32-bit microprocessor STM32F102CB based on ARM Cortex-M3 kernel and AT86RF212 radio transceiver; the software platform uses a lightweight multi-tasking operating system Contiki and open source protocol stack called FreakZ following ZigBee protocol specification, for networking wireless networks nodes. The paper presents the system architecture of WSN networking and its hardware components, software architecture and data transmission and reception processes of the networks. Using FreakZ protocol stack under the Contiki operating system on the base of the existing hardware platform, the network nodes information and topology displayed on the HyperTerminal indicates the success of WSN networking by using FreakZ protocol.

scholarly journals A Novel MAC Protocol for Low Datarate Cooperative Mobile Robot Teams

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Patti ◽  
Luca Leonardi ◽  
Lucia Lo Bello
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Cooperating Robots ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
Easy Integration

Cooperative mobile robot applications enable robots to perform tasks that are more complex than those that each single robot can perform alone. In this application context, communication networks play a very important role, as they have to cope with strict requirements (e.g., in terms of mobility, reliability, and bounded latencies). Recent cooperative robot applications foresee the support of low datarate communication technologies, that provide, among other benefits, lower energy consumption and easy integration with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art solutions either entail high costs and complexity or are not suitable for low data rate communications. Consequently, novel solutions for cooperating robots are required. For this reason, this paper presents RoboMAC, a new MAC protocol for mobile cooperating robots that enables the integration of robots with WSNs, supports mobility and real-time communications, and provides high scalability. The paper also presents a proof-of-concept implementation that proves the feasibility of the RoboMAC protocol on COTS devices.

scholarly journals An Energy-Efficient MAC Scheduler based on a Switched-Beam Antenna for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Catarinucci ◽  
Sergio Guglielmi ◽  
Luca Mainetti ◽  
Vincenzo Mighali ◽  
Luigi Patrono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 Standard ◽  
And Storage

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are receiving an ever increasing attention because they are one of the most important technologies enabling the Internet of Things vision. Since nodes of these networks are battery-powered, energy efficiency represents one of the main design objectives. This goal can be primarily achieved through an optimization of the communication phase, which is the most power consuming operation for a WSN node. However, the limited computational and storage resources of physical devices make the design of complex communication protocols particularly hard, suggesting, on the contrary, to integrate more simple communication protocols with hardware solutions aimed at energy saving. In this work, a new MAC protocol, compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, and a reconfigurable beam-steering antenna are presented and validated. They significantly reduce the nodes’ power consumption by exploiting scheduling techniques and directional communications. Specifically, both during transmission and receiving phases, the node activates exclusively the antenna sector needed to communicate with the intended neighbour. The designed antenna and the proposed protocol have been thoroughly evaluated by means of simulations and test-beds, which have highlighted their good performance. In particular, the MAC protocol has been implemented on the Contiki Operating System and it was compared with the IEEE 802.15.4 standard solution.

Industrial WSN Based on IR-UWB and a Low-Latency MAC Protocol

Frequenz ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (7-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Reinhold ◽  
Lisa Underberg ◽  
Armin Wulf ◽  
Ruediger Kays
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Low Latency

AbstractWireless sensor networks for industrial communication require high reliability and low latency. As current wireless sensor networks do not entirely meet these requirements, novel system approaches need to be developed. Since ultra wideband communication systems seem to be a promising approach, this paper evaluates the performance of the IEEE 802.15.4 impulse-radio ultra-wideband physical layer and the IEEE 802.15.4 Low Latency Deterministic Network (LLDN) MAC for industrial applications. Novel approaches and system adaptions are proposed to meet the application requirements. In this regard, a synchronization approach based on circular average magnitude difference functions (CAMDF) and on a clean template (CT) is presented for the correlation receiver. An adapted MAC protocol titled aggregated low latency (ALL) MAC is proposed to significantly reduce the resulting latency. Based on the system proposals, a hardware prototype has been developed, which proves the feasibility of the system and visualizes the real-time performance of the MAC protocol.

scholarly journals Multichannel preamble sampling MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 155014771985095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Alahmadi ◽  
Fatma Bouabdallah
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Data Channel ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Common Control Channel ◽  
Common Control

In this article, a multichannel preamble sampling MAC protocol, MCPS, especially tailored for wireless sensor networks, is proposed and thoroughly evaluated. MCPS is a low-power MAC protocol operating on multichannel using carrier sensing for collision avoidance. Specifically, MCPS exploits all the non-overlapping channels provided by IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer. Basically, MCPS uses one dedicated common control channel to wake up an intended receiver using a preamble sampling technique. However, data transmission takes place in a dedicated data channel. Indeed, MCPS allocates to every pair of sensor nodes a unique data channel that aims at being 2-hop conflict free. Hence, the probability of collision is highly reduced and even completely mitigated in some scenarios. Moreover, MCPS allows each sensor node to dynamically adjust its transmission power when sending strobed preamble or periodically generated data. Indeed, for each possible distance separating a pair of communicating nodes, MCPS adapts the appropriate transmission power and selects the appropriate data channel. Using multiple channels, MCPS allows multiple simultaneous data communications along with handshaking on the common control channel, hence reducing the end-to-end delay and improving the throughput while being energy efficient. MCPS has been implemented using OMNET++ simulator under INET framework, on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer, which was improved to support the multichannel communication. The authors compare the performance of MCPS with McMAC and X-MAC. Simulation results show that MCPS greatly improves the network performance especially in terms of throughput, waiting time, end-to-end delay, and energy per bit.

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