scholarly journals Screen-Printed, Pure Carbon-Black Thermocouple Fabrication and Seebeck Coefficients

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Offenzeller ◽  
Marcel Knoll ◽  
Bernhard Jakoby ◽  
Wolfgang Hilber
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Printing Inks ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Stable Linear

Thermocouples classically consist of two metals or semiconductor components that are joined at one end, where temperature is measured. Carbon black is a low-cost semiconductor with a Seebeck coefficient that depends on the structure of the carbon particles. Different carbon black screen-printing inks generally exhibit different Seebeck coefficients, and two can therefore be combined to realize a thermocouple. In this work, we used a set of four different commercially available carbon-black screen-printing inks to print all-carbon-black thermocouples. The outputs of these thermocouples were characterized and their Seebeck coefficients determined. We found that the outputs of pure carbon-black thermocouples are reasonably stable, linear, and quantitatively comparable to those of commercially available R- or S-type thermocouples. It is thus possible to fabricate thermocouples by an easily scalable, cost-efficient process that combines two low-cost materials.

Detecting Insect Infestation: A Novel Application of Carbon/Polyethylene-co-vinyl Acetate Sensors

2010 ◽  
Vol 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchana Anuruddika Weerakoon ◽  
Bryan A Chin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Polymer Sensors ◽  
Conducting Pathway ◽  
Cost Efficient

AbstractPlants, when attacked by herbivores emit plant volatile compounds as a defensive mechanism to protect themselves from herbivores and parasites. Secreting these volatiles is not only toxic towards these insects but also aids enemies of the herbivores to recognize infested plants to locate their prey. A low mass fraction carbon black/polyethylene-co-vinylacetate composite sensor was designed and fabricated to detect insect infestation. This sensor was cost efficient, easy to fabricate and was highly stable in air. When an organic vapor is present, the carbon/polymer active layer swells creating a discontinuity in the conducting pathway between adjacent carbon particles, increasing the resistance of the film. When the analyte is no longer present, the polymer will return to its original state, showing a decrease in resistance. A variety of Carbon/black polymer sensors with varying chemical characteristics could be created by using different polymer matrices. Polyethylene-co-vinyl acetate was chosen as the best polymer for this particular application based on its swelling ability in the presence of plant volatiles compared to other polymers. When the carbon concentration of the active layer was low enough to be near the percolation threshold, the sensor can be used as a “chemical switch”. The resistance of the sensor increased significantly mimicking a “switch off” response when exposed to the analyte vapor. When the analyte vapor was no longer present the sensor returned back to its original condition, showing a “switch on” response. The percolation point was obtained when the carbon concentration of the carbon/polymer composite was kept between 0.5-1 wt%. The sensor was tested and found to be sensitive to a variety of volatile organic compounds emitted during insect infestation including γ-terpinene, α-pinene, p-cymene, farnesene, and limonene and cis-hexenyl acetate.

scholarly journals Studies on the Behavior of Epoxy Polymer Matrix Reinforced by Carbon Particles obtained from Pyrolysis of Mixed Waste Plastic: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472
Author(s):  
Deepa Agrahari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Particles

Commercial Carbon black is produced by thermal cracking of natural gas but nowadays the prices of carbon black are going down at a very sharp rate. The low prices of carbon black resulted in the search for low cost raw material. Most of the researchers focused on inexpensive agricultural waste such as shells of coconut, palm or bamboo. Pyrolysis of plastics is providing an excellent opportunity to manufacture carbon and presents an effective way to recycle non degradable plastics. Carbon element has revolutionized entire material science studies as it provides well developed pore structure and a very high internal surface area. It finds application as adsorbent, catalyst or electrode. Researchers like carbon black particles as they can be reinforced into polymer matrices providing a huge opportunity to prepare composites. The properties of these carbon black reinforced composites hugely depend on their origin, processing conditions and chemical treatments. The addition of these carbon black fillers obtained from plastics into polymer composites results in the formation of different microstructures and thus providing different types of composites based on shape, particle sizes and source of origin. The high concentration of carbon fillers results in making highly hydrophobic composites and finds application in making pipelines for extreme weather conditions.

Eco-Friendly Screen-Printing Inks of Gadolinia Doped Ceria

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Sanson ◽  
Edoardo Roncari ◽  
Stefano Boldrini ◽  
Patrizia Mangifesta ◽  
Lioudmila Doubova
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Free Film ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Printing Inks ◽  
The Right

Gadolina doped ceria (GDC) is a promising electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). Dense layers of this material can be economically deposited by screen printing. However, the inks for this technique generally use organic compounds that can raise health and safety issues, as well as economical issues. In order to obtain a low-cost alternative to the generally accepted organic-based ink, four different blends of binders were considered to prepare water-based GDC inks. The systems were deposited onto green NiO/GDC anodes produced by tape casting and treated at 1673 K for 4 h. By choosing the right combination of solvents and binders, it was possible to obtain a dense crack-free film of GDC from a water-based system.

scholarly journals Interface-exfoliated graphene-based conductive screen-printing inks: low-loading, low-cost, and additive-free

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiyang Chen ◽  
Deepthi Varghese ◽  
Sean T. McDermott ◽  
Ian George ◽  
Lijiang Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
Printing Inks ◽  
Trapping Method ◽  
Paper Diagnostics ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach

Abstract Paper diagnostics are of growing interest due to their low cost and easy accessibility. Conductive inks, necessary for manufacturing the next generation diagnostic devices, currently face challenges such as high cost, high sintering temperatures, or harsh conditions required to remove stabilizers. Here we report an effective, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly approach to graphene ink that is suitable for screen printing onto paper substrates. The ink formulation contains only pristine graphite, water, and non-toxic alkanes formed by an interfacial trapping method in which graphite spontaneously exfoliates to graphene. The result is a viscous graphene stabilized water-in-oil emulsion-based ink. This ink does not require sintering, but drying at 90 °C or brief microwaving can improve the conductivity. The production requires only 40 s of shaking to form the emulsion. The sheet resistance of the ink is approximately 600 Ω/sq at a thickness of less than 6 µm, and the ink can be stabilized by as little as 1 wt% graphite.

The application of carbon black and printing ink technology in molded interconnect devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Hao Liu ◽  
Wen-Bin Young
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Iron Powder ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Screen Printing Method ◽  
Printing Ink ◽  
Molded Interconnect Devices ◽  
Silver Composite ◽  
Printing Method

Abstract In this article, the processing of molded interconnect devices (MIDs) was studied via in-mold decoration (IMD) molding technology. A screen printing process using carbon black and printing ink was proposed in the study. For comparison, various conductivity materials such as copper powder, iron powder, carbon black and silver composite were studied with the screen printing method. The results show that there is no electrical conductivity for the ink containing copper or iron powder up to 90% concentration. The low cost carbon black with printing ink was shown to be successful for the IMD process.

Highly conductive graphene/carbon black screen printing inks for flexible electronics

2021 ◽  
Vol 582 ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Liu ◽  
Zhigang Shen ◽  
Xiaojing Zhang ◽  
Han Ma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Printing Inks

scholarly journals Fully Screen Printed Carbon Black-Only Thermocouple and the Corresponding Seebeck Coefficients

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Offenzeller ◽  
Marcel Knoll ◽  
Bernhard Jakoby ◽  
Wolfgang Hilber
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Seebeck Coefficients ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Pure Carbon ◽  
Screen Printed

This work presents a thermocouple that is fully screen printed and consists exclusively of carbon black conductors. Two different carbon black inks were printed to form a thermocouple, which has been characterized regarding its output voltage. For reference, each of the carbon black inks was used in combination with gold to form two further thermocouples. These have also been characterized and the output voltage used to predict the output of the associated thermocouple consisting of pure carbon black conductors. The results have been compared with the measurement results and show that the output of the pure carbon black thermocouple is roughly 10% lower than expected.

scholarly journals The influence of carbon morphologies and concentrations on the rheology and electrical performance of screen-printed carbon pastes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah-Jane Potts ◽  
Tatyana Korochkina ◽  
Alex Holder ◽  
Eifion Jewell ◽  
Chris Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Shear Rheology ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Printing Inks

AbstractScreen-printing inks containing various morphologies of carbon are used in the production of a variety of printed electronics applications. Particle morphology influences the rheology of the ink which will affect the deposition and therefore the electrical performance of a printed component. To assess the effect of both carbon morphology and concentration on print topography and conductivity, screen printable carbon inks with differing loading concentrations of graphite, carbon black and graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) were formulated, printed and characterised, with rheological and novel print visualisation techniques used to elucidate the mechanisms responsible. Carbon morphology had significant effects on the packing of particles. The smaller carbon black particles had more interparticle interactions leading to better conductivities, but also higher ink viscosities and elasticities than the other morphologies. Increases in carbon concentration led to increases in film thickness and roughness for all morphologies. However, beyond a critical point further increases in carbon concentration led to agglomerations of particles, mesh marking and increases in surface roughness, preventing further improvements in the print conductivity. The optimal loading concentrations were identifiable using a custom-made screen-printing apparatus used with high speed imaging for all morphologies. Notable increases in filamentation during ink separation were found to occur with further increases in carbon concentration beyond the optimum. As this point could not be identified using shear rheology alone, this method combined with shear rheology could be used to optimise the carbon concentration of screen-printing inks, preventing the use of excess material which has no benefit on print quality and conductivity.

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