scholarly journals Bluetooth Mesh Energy Consumption: A Model

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Darroudi ◽  
Raül Caldera-Sànchez ◽  
Carles Gomez
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Hardware Platform ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Data Message ◽  
Real Hardware ◽  
Energy Constrained ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

The recent publication of the Bluetooth Mesh standard is a remarkable milestone in the evolution of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). As a new technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) market, it is crucial to investigate the performance of Bluetooth Mesh. However, while a fundamental feature of Bluetooth Mesh is its suitability for energy-constrained devices, this aspect has not yet been properly considered in the literature. In this paper, we model the current consumption, lifetime and energy cost per delivered bit of a battery-operated Bluetooth Mesh sensor node. The model is based on measurements performed on a real hardware platform. Evaluation results quantify the impact of crucial Bluetooth Mesh parameters. Among others, we have found that a sensor device running on a simple 235 mAh battery, and sending a data message every 10 s, can achieve a lifetime of up to 15.6 months, whereas the asymptotic lifetime is 21.4 months.

scholarly journals Integration of Heterogeneous Devices and Communication Models via the Cloud in the Constrained Internet of Things

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris Van den Abeele ◽  
Jeroen Hoebeke ◽  
Ingrid Moerman ◽  
Piet Demeester
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Heterogeneous Devices ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

As the Internet of Things continues to expand in the coming years, the need for services that span multiple IoT application domains will continue to increase in order to realize the efficiency gains promised by the IoT. Today, however, service developers looking to add value on top of existing IoT systems are faced with very heterogeneous devices and systems. These systems implement a wide variety of network connectivity options, protocols (proprietary or standards-based), and communication methods all of which are unknown to a service developer that is new to the IoT. Even within one IoT standard, a device typically has multiple options for communicating with others. In order to alleviate service developers from these concerns, this paper presents a cloud-based platform for integrating heterogeneous constrained IoT devices and communication models into services. Our evaluation shows that the impact of our approach on the operation of constrained devices is minimal while providing a tangible benefit in service integration of low-resource IoT devices. A proof of concept demonstrates the latter by means of a control and management dashboard for constrained devices that was implemented on top of the presented platform. The results of our work enable service developers to more easily implement and deploy services that span a wide variety of IoT application domains.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of 6BLEMesh: IPv6-Based BLE Mesh Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4623
Author(s):  
Seyed Mahdi Darroudi ◽  
Carles Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Periodic Data ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become a major wireless technology for the Internet of Things (IoT). Recent efforts of academia, industry and standards development organizations have focused on creating BLE mesh network solutions. 6BLEMesh is a specification being developed by the IETF that defines an IPv6-oriented approach for BLE mesh networking. In this paper, we perform an experimental evaluation of 6BLEMesh, based on a real implementation. We evaluate latency, round trip time (RTT) and energy consumption. For the latter, we model the device current consumption, we determine the energy efficiency of communication, and we obtain the theoretical device lifetime (for battery-operated devices), for three different hardware platforms. Under the assumptions in our study (including a simple 235 mAh battery, and periodic data transmission), the maximum, asymptotic, device lifetime is 573 days, whereas battery-operated router devices can also achieve 3-digit lifetimes (in days) in many scenarios. Our results also illustrate the impact on performance of BLE-level and application-level parameter settings, adaptation layer mechanisms such as IPv6 header compression, and device hardware characteristics.

scholarly journals PureEdgeSim: A simulation framework for performance evaluation of cloud, edge and mist computing environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Charafeddine Mechalikh ◽  
Hajer Taktak ◽  
Faouzi Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

Edge and Mist Computing are two emerging paradigms that aim to reduce latency and the Cloud workload by bringing its applications close to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In such complex environments, simulation makes it possible to evaluate the adopted strategies before their deployment on a real distributed system. However, despite the research advancement in this area, simulation tools are lacking, especially in the case of Mist Computing [11], where heterogeneous and constrained devices cooperate and share their resources. Motivated by this, in this paper, we present PureEdgeSim, a simulation toolkit that enables the simulation of Cloud, Edge, and Mist Computing environments and the evaluation of the adopted resources management strategies, in terms of delays, energy consumption, resources utilization, and tasks success rate. To show its capabilities, we introduce a case study, in which we evaluate the different architectures, orchestration algorithms, and the impact of offloading criteria. The simulation results show the effectiveness of PureEdgeSim in modeling such complex and dynamic environments.

The Process of Globalization and Its Impact on Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Veton Zejnullahi
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Four Corners ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Human Eyes ◽  
The Impact

The process of globalization, which many times is considered as new world order is affecting all spheres of modern society but also the media. In this paper specifically we will see the impact of globalization because we see changing the media access to global problems in general being listed on these processes. We will see that the greatest difficulties will have small media as such because the process is moving in the direction of creating mega media which thanks to new technology are reaching to deliver news and information at the time of their occurrence through choked the small media. So it is fair to conclude that the rapid economic development and especially the technology have made the world seem "too small" to the human eyes, because for real-time we will communicate with the world with the only one Internet connection, and also all the information are take for the development of events in the four corners of the world and direct from the places when the events happen. Even Albanian space has not left out of this process because the media in the Republic of Albania and the Republic of Kosovo are adapted to the new conditions under the influence of the globalization process. This fact is proven powerful through creating new television packages, written the websites and newspapers in their possession.

The impact of applying the Common Customs Tariff on the armenian export of Cut and Polished Gems to Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
V. L. Harutyunyan ◽  
S. V. Dokholyan ◽  
A. R. Makaryan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Diamond Cutting ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

The presented study discusses the issues of applying the Common Customs Tariff (CCT) rates of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) on rough diamonds and the impact thereof on the exports of stones cut and polished inArmeniaand then exported toRussia.Aim. The study aims to identify the possible strategies Armenian diamond cutting and polishing companies could adopt as a response to the application of the CCT rates on rough diamonds and how it would affect exports to various destinations, namely to Russia.Tasks. The authors analyze the current state of the gems and jewelry sector and substantiate the need to either integrate it into the jewelry manufacturing sector or to apply various strategies to facilitate exports to either Russia or other destinations in the medium term in response to the application of the CCT rates.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition, including analytical and methodological approaches and elements of forecasting. Possible strategies the Armenian diamond cutting and polishing companies could adopt in the medium term in response to the application of the EAEU CCT rates are determined using the analytical research method, forecasts in the context of the developments in the Armenian gem processing and jewelry market and global trends, statistical data on the imports and exports of cut and polished gems and jewelry for 2014–2018 published by the UN Comtrade Statistics.Results. Statistics on the exports of processed diamonds from 2014 to 2018 highlights the issue associated with the loss of competitiveness suffered by Armenian companies (mainly in comparison with Indian diamond cutters). The major global trends in the diamond cutting and polishing business indicate that it could be virtually impossible for Armenian cutters and polishers to compete with Indian companies in the medium term if they do not comes to investing in new technology to achieve operational efficiency. For these companies, it is important not to lose the Russian market due to an increase in the tariff rate and concentrate on the processing of gems that are larger than 1 carat. Another strategy to avoid an increase in the customs tariff rates would depend on the Armenian government’s ability to negotiate with Russia in respect of direct imports of diamond stones from Russian manufactures. Two other options for Armenian cutters involve focusing on cutting and polishing of rubies, sapphires, emeralds, etc. or integrating into the jewelry sector either by being the primary supplier or by considering this business as a channel to sell processed diamond stones by setting up their own jewelry manufacturing companies.Conclusions. With CCT going into effect in January 2021 and India’s dominant role in the diamond cutting and polishing business, Armenia needs to carefully consider all of the strategies the Armenian companies could adopt, as discussed above. As a member state of the EAEU, Armenia freely exports to Russia, however, further exports to Russia would depend on Armenia’s ability to ensure that cost-effective operations are in place, or to concentrate on the processing of precious gems rather than diamonds, or to switch to the manufacturing of jewelry items as a major export item.Practical Implication. The findings of this study could be of interest to the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Armenia and Business Armenia that could be used in elaborating the strategy for the development of Armenian gems and jewelry sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Quantifying the increase in fishing efficiency due to the use of drifting FADs equipped with echosounders in tropical tuna purse seine fisheries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwenaëlle Wain ◽  
Loreleï Guéry ◽  
David Michael Kaplan ◽  
Daniel Gaertner
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Katsuwonus Pelamis ◽  
Thunnus Obesus ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Tropical Tuna ◽  
Floating Objects ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Numerous pelagic species are known to associate with floating objects (FOBs), including tropical tunas. Purse seiners use this behaviour to facilitate the capture of tropical tunas by deploying artificial drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs). One major recent change has been the integration of echosounders in satellite-tracked GPS buoys attached to FOBs, allowing fishers to remotely estimate fishable biomass. Understanding the effects of this new technology on catch of the three main tuna species (yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares; bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus; and skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis) is important to accurately correct for this change in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) indices used for stock assessments. We analysed catch data from the French purse seine fleet for the period 2010–2017 in the Indian Ocean to assess the impact of this fleet’s switch to echosounder buoys around 2012. Results indicate that echosounders do not increase the probability a set will be succesful, but they have a positive effect on catch per set, with catches on average increasing by ≈2−2.5 tonnes per set (≈10%) when made on the vessel's own dFADs equipped with an echosounder buoy. Increases were due to a decrease in sets below ≈25 tonnes and an increase in those greater than ≈25 tonnes, with a non-linear transition around this threshold. This increase explains the considerable investment of purse seiners in echosounder buoys, but also raises concerns about bias in stock size estimates based on CPUE if we do not correct for this fishing efficiency increase.

scholarly journals Energy-Constrained Design of Joint NOMA-Diversity Schemes with Imperfect Interference Cancellation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4194
Author(s):  
Fulvio Babich ◽  
Giulia Buttazzoni ◽  
Francesca Vatta ◽  
Massimiliano Comisso
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Code Modulation ◽  
Energy Constrained ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This study proposes a set of novel random access protocols combining Packet Repetition (PR) schemes, such as Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted Aloha (CRDSA) and Irregular Repetition SA (IRSA), with Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). Differently from previous NOMA/CRDSA and NOMA/IRSA proposals, this work analytically derives the energy levels considering two realistic elements: the residual interference due to imperfect Interference Cancellation (IC), and the presence of requirements on the power spent for the transmission. More precisely, the energy-limited scenario is based on the relationship between the average available energy and the selected code modulation pair, thus being of specific interest for the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in forthcoming fifth-generation (5G) systems. Moreover, a theoretical model based on the density evolution method is developed and numerically validated by extensive simulations to evaluate the limiting throughput and to explore the actual performance of different NOMA/PR schemes in energy-constrained scenarios.

Accounting Information Systems in Public Sector towards Blockchain Technology Application: The Role of Accountants’ Emotional Intelligence in the Digital Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
Pham Quang Huy ◽  
Vu Kien Phuc
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Public Sector Organization ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research ferreted out to inspect the interconnection between emotional intelligence (EI), Blockchain technology application (BLO) and the effectiveness of Accounting information system (AIS). Survey-based data obtained from 412 respondents were applied to validate the model hypotheses. Building on the statistical analysis with the support of SPSS 25.0 and SMART- PLS (partial least squares) 3.2.8 software package, the model results inferred the impact of EI on BLO. Besides, the outputs of the study accentuated on the importance of BLO on the effectiveness of AIS. These significant additions will optimistically inspire other scholars to carry on exploring the relationship between EI and BLO in enhancing the effectiveness of AIS in research settings as well as in explaining the results. On the other hand, taking these results into consideration could promote much better solutions for issues relevant to EI and new technology application among public sector organization (PSO) in term of increasing the performance of AIS.

scholarly journals Room Size Influences Flow in Robotic-Assisted Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7984
Author(s):  
Falisha Kanji ◽  
Tara Cohen ◽  
Myrtede Alfred ◽  
Ashley Caron ◽  
Samuel Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Surgical Technology ◽  
Room Size ◽  
Robotic Assisted Surgery ◽  
Academic Hospitals ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
The Impact

The introduction of surgical technology into existing operating rooms (ORs) can place novel demands on staff and infrastructure. Despite the substantial physical size of the devices in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), the workspace implications are rarely considered. This study aimed to explore the impact of OR size on the environmental causes of surgical flow disruptions (FDs) occurring during RAS. Fifty-six RAS procedures were observed at two academic hospitals between July 2019 and January 2021 across general, urologic, and gynecologic surgical specialties. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated significant effects of room size in the pre-docking phase (t = 2.170, df = 54, β = 0.017, p = 0.035) where the rate of FDs increased as room size increased, and docking phase (t = −2.488, df = 54, β = −0.017, p = 0.016) where the rate of FDs increased as room size decreased. Significant effects of site (pre-docking phase: p = 0.000 and docking phase: p = 0.000) were also demonstrated. Findings from this study demonstrate hitherto unrecognized spatial challenges involved with introducing surgical robots into the operating domain. While new technology may provide benefits towards patient safety, it is important to consider the needs of the technology prior to integration.

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