scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of 6BLEMesh: IPv6-Based BLE Mesh Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4623
Author(s):  
Seyed Mahdi Darroudi ◽  
Carles Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Periodic Data ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become a major wireless technology for the Internet of Things (IoT). Recent efforts of academia, industry and standards development organizations have focused on creating BLE mesh network solutions. 6BLEMesh is a specification being developed by the IETF that defines an IPv6-oriented approach for BLE mesh networking. In this paper, we perform an experimental evaluation of 6BLEMesh, based on a real implementation. We evaluate latency, round trip time (RTT) and energy consumption. For the latter, we model the device current consumption, we determine the energy efficiency of communication, and we obtain the theoretical device lifetime (for battery-operated devices), for three different hardware platforms. Under the assumptions in our study (including a simple 235 mAh battery, and periodic data transmission), the maximum, asymptotic, device lifetime is 573 days, whereas battery-operated router devices can also achieve 3-digit lifetimes (in days) in many scenarios. Our results also illustrate the impact on performance of BLE-level and application-level parameter settings, adaptation layer mechanisms such as IPv6 header compression, and device hardware characteristics.

scholarly journals A Sigfox Energy Consumption Model

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Gomez ◽  
Juan Carlos Veras ◽  
Rafael Vidal ◽  
Lluís Casals ◽  
Josep Paradells
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Energy Consumption Model ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
The Impact

Sigfox has become one of the main Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies, as it has attracted the attention of the industry, academy and standards development organizations in recent years. Sigfox devices, such as sensors or actuators, are expected to run on limited energy sources; therefore, it is crucial to investigate the energy consumption of Sigfox. However, the literature has only focused on this topic to a very limited extent. This paper presents an analytical model that characterizes device current consumption, device lifetime and energy cost of data delivery with Sigfox. In order to capture a realistic behavior, the model has been derived from measurements carried out on a real Sigfox hardware module. The model allows quantifying the impact of relevant Sigfox parameters and mechanisms, as well as frame losses, on Sigfox device energy performance. Among others, evaluation results show that the considered Sigfox device, powered by a 2400 mAh battery, can achieve a theoretical lifetime of 1.5 or 2.5 years while sending one message every 10 min at 100 bit/s or 600 bit/s, respectively, and an asymptotic lifetime of 14.6 years as the message transmission rate decreases.

scholarly journals The Bluetooth Mesh Standard: An Overview and Experimental Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Baert ◽  
Jen Rossey ◽  
Adnan Shahid ◽  
Jeroen Hoebeke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Path Diversity ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Open Issues

Mesh networks enable a many-to-many relation between nodes, which means that each node in the network can communicate with every other node using multi-hop communication and path diversity. As it enables the fast roll-out of sensor and actuator networks, it is an important aspect within the Internet of Things (IoT). Utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) as an underlying technology to implement such mesh networks has gained a lot of interest in recent years. The result was a variety of BLE meshing solutions that were not interoperable because of the lack of a common standard. This has changed recently with the advent of the Bluetooth Mesh standard. However, a detailed overview of how this standard operates, performs and how it tackles other issues concerning BLE mesh networking is missing. Therefore, this paper investigates this new technology thoroughly and evaluates its performance by means of three approaches, namely an experimental evaluation, a statistical approach and a graph-based simulation model, which can be used as the basis for future research. Apart from showing that consistent results are achieved by means of all three approaches, we also identify possible drawbacks and open issues that need to be dealt with.

scholarly journals Bluetooth Mesh Energy Consumption: A Model

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Darroudi ◽  
Raül Caldera-Sànchez ◽  
Carles Gomez
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Hardware Platform ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
Data Message ◽  
Real Hardware ◽  
Energy Constrained ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

The recent publication of the Bluetooth Mesh standard is a remarkable milestone in the evolution of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). As a new technology in the Internet of Things (IoT) market, it is crucial to investigate the performance of Bluetooth Mesh. However, while a fundamental feature of Bluetooth Mesh is its suitability for energy-constrained devices, this aspect has not yet been properly considered in the literature. In this paper, we model the current consumption, lifetime and energy cost per delivered bit of a battery-operated Bluetooth Mesh sensor node. The model is based on measurements performed on a real hardware platform. Evaluation results quantify the impact of crucial Bluetooth Mesh parameters. Among others, we have found that a sensor device running on a simple 235 mAh battery, and sending a data message every 10 s, can achieve a lifetime of up to 15.6 months, whereas the asymptotic lifetime is 21.4 months.

Estimating OLED Display Device Lifetime from pixel and screen brightness and its application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gerhardt ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
Hyunjin Yoo ◽  
Tara Akhavan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Display Device ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oled Display

In this paper we discuss a model to estimate the power consumption and lifetime (LT) of an OLED display based on its pixel value and the brightness setting of the screen (scbr). This model is used to illustrate the effect of OLED aging on display color characteristics. Model parameters are based on power consumption measurement of a given display for a number of pixel and scbr combinations. OLED LT is often given for the most stressful display operating situation, i.e. white image at maximum scbr, but having the ability to predict the LT for other configurations can be meaningful to estimate the impact and quality of new image processing algorithms. After explaining our model we present a use case to illustrate how we use it to evaluate the impact of an image processing algorithm for brightness adaptation.

COORDINATED DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Udai Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Ieee 802.16 ◽  
Distributed Scheduling ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Wireless Mesh

IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising broadband access solution to support flexibility, cost effectiveness and fast deployment of the fourth generation infrastructure based wireless networks. Reducing the time for channel establishment is critical for low latency/interactive Applications. According to IEEE 802.16 MAC protocol, there are three scheduling algorithms for assigning TDMA slots to each network node: centralized and distributed the distributed is further divided into two operational modes coordinated distributed and uncoordinated distributed. In coordinated distributed scheduling algorithm, network nodes have to transmit scheduling message in order to inform other nodes about their transfer schedule. In this paper a new approach is proposed to improve coordinated distributed scheduling efficiency in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode, with respect to three parameter Throughput, Average end to end delay and Normalized Overhead. For evaluating the proposed networks efficiency, several extensive simulations are performed in various network configurations and the most important system parameters which affect the network performance are analyzed

scholarly journals Sustainable Supply Chains with Blockchain, IoT and RFID: A Simulation on Order Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6372
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Varriale ◽  
Antonello Cammarano ◽  
Francesca Michelino ◽  
Mauro Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Order Management ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The digital transformation of supply chains should revolutionize entire management processes and improve various aspects of sustainability. In particular, the plans of Industry 4.0 aim towards a digitization of several procedures by exploiting emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, RFID and blockchain. The purpose of this study is to highlight how order and disruption events processes can be improved with the adoption of emerging technologies and how this reflects on the improvement of sustainability aspects. The study is based on the comparison of two simulation scenarios between three actors in the cheese supply chain. In particular, a first traditional scenario “as is” is simulated without the use of new technologies and is compared to a second scenario “to be” that adopts IoT, RFID and blockchain. The results show an improvement in time performance for managing both perfect and non-compliant orders. The developed framework highlights the impact of new technologies on sustainability aspects, showing further managerial implications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Food and Nutrient-Based Standards on Primary School Children’s Lunch and Total Dietary Intake: A Natural Experimental Evaluation of Government Policy in England

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e78298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Spence ◽  
Jennifer Delve ◽  
Elaine Stamp ◽  
John N. S. Matthews ◽  
Martin White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effect of economic vulnerability on entrepreneurial competencies among Malaysian micro-entrepreneurs

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Rajennd A/L Muniady ◽  
Mohd Asrul Hery Bin Ibrahim ◽  
Noorshella Binti Che Nawi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Development Organizations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competencies ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of economic vulnerability upon entrepreneurial competencies (i.e. commitment competency, conceptual competency, opportunity recognition competency, organizing competency, relationship competency and strategic competency) among respondents from varied development initiatives established by the eKasih program (National Poverty Data Bank) in Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Upon adopting the cross-sectional design, data were randomly gathered from selected 300 micro-entrepreneurs from the list of development organizations available in the eKasih (National Poverty Data Bank), located at four states in Peninsular Malaysia. The quantitative data were gathered by performing structured interview sessions from September until November 2017. Findings The outcomes of the study displayed that economic vulnerability has a significantly negative effect upon commitment, opportunity recognition, organizing and strategic competency. On the other hand, the results showcased that economi c vulnerability has a significantly positive effect on competency, but insignificantly positive impact upon conceptual competency. Originality/value These study outcomes appear to extend the scope of the resource-based view, apart from enriching the existing entrepreneurial competency literature, particularly within the Malaysian context. Hence, it is recommended that the government of Malaysia and development organizations should focus on maximizing the level of competency among micro-entrepreneurs as a viable approach to decrease the effect of economic vulnerability.

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