scholarly journals A Distance-Vector-Based Multi-Path Routing Scheme for Static-Node-Assisted Vehicular Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Araki ◽  
Takuya Yoshihiro
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Metric ◽  
Distance Vector

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANET) has been well studied for a long time as a means to exchange information among moving vehicles. As vehicular networks do not always have connected paths, vehicular networks can be regarded as a kind of delay-tolerant networks (DTNs) when the density of vehicles is not high enough. In this case, packet delivery ratio degrades significantly so that reliability of networks as an information infrastructure is hardly held. Past studies such as SADV (Static-node Assisted Data dissemination protocol for Vehicular networks) and RDV (Reliable Distance-Vector routing) showed that the assistance of low-cost unwired static nodes located at intersections, which work as routers to provide distance-vector or link-state routing functions, significantly improves the communication performance. However, they still have problems: SADV does not provide high-enough delivery ratio and RDV suffers from traffic concentration on the shortest paths. In this paper, we propose MP-RDV (Multi-Path RDV) by extending RDV with multiple paths utilization to improve performance against both of those problems. In addition, we apply a delay routing metric, which is one of the major metrics in this field, to RDV to compare performance with the traffic-volume metric, which is a built-in metric of RDV. Evaluation results show that MP-RDV achieves high load-balancing performance, larger network capacity, lower delivery delay, and higher fault tolerance against topology changes compared to RDV. As for routing metrics, we showed that the traffic-volume metric is better than the delay one in RDV because delay measurement is less stable against traffic fluctuation.

scholarly journals Data Dissemination Based on Fuzzy Logic and Network Coding in Vehicular Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Tang ◽  
Zhi Geng ◽  
Wenlong Chen ◽  
Mojtaba Moharrer
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Backbone Network

Vehicular networks, as a significant technology in intelligent transportation systems, improve the convenience, efficiency, and safety of driving in smart cities. However, because of the high velocity, the frequent topology change, and the limited bandwidth, it is difficult to efficiently propagate data in vehicular networks. This paper proposes a data dissemination scheme based on fuzzy logic and network coding for vehicular networks, named SFN. It uses fuzzy logic to compute a transmission ability for each vehicle by comprehensively considering the effects of three factors: the velocity change rate, the velocity optimization degree, and the channel quality. Then, two nodes with high abilities are selected as primary backbone and slave backbone in every road segment, which propagate data to other vehicles in this segment and forward them to the backbones in the next segment. The backbone network helps to increase the delivery ratio and avoid invalid transmissions. Additionally, network coding is utilized to reduce transmission overhead and accelerate data retransmission in interbackbone forwarding and intrasegment broadcasting. Experiments show that, compared with existing schemes, SFN has a high delivery ratio and a short dissemination delay, while the backbone network keeps high reliability.

scholarly journals A Secure Incentive Scheme for Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks Using Cryptocurrency

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngho Park ◽  
Chul Sur ◽  
Kyung-Hyune Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Cryptographic Techniques

One remarkable feature of vehicular ad hoc networks is characterized by an opportunistic communications by means of store-carry-forward message relaying which requires the cooperation of vehicles on the networks. However, we cannot be sure that all vehicles willingly contribute their computing resources to the networks for message forwarding with no rewards for their efforts in real-world scenarios. In addition, unfortunately, there may exist some selfish and greedy node which may not help others but tend to take their own gain. To cope with this challenge, incentive mechanisms are generally considered as the promising solution. In this paper, we design a Bitcoin-based secure and reliable incentive scheme for cooperative vehicular delay tolerant networking services. Bitcoin is the well-known worldwide cryptocurrency and digital payment system whose implementation relies on cryptographic techniques, which makes it possible to develop a practical credit-based incentive scheme on the vehicular networks at a low cost. We also implement Bitcoin transaction scripts to handle our proposed incentive scheme.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Routing Protocol on VANET

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Narayan Thakre ◽  
Sameeksha Verma ◽  
Amit Chouksey
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Mobile Environment ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
The Impact

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are self-organizing, self-healing networks that offer wireless communication among vehicles and roadside equipment. Providing safety and comfort for drivers and passengers is a promising goal of those networks. Designing an applicable routing protocol according to the network application is one among the essential necessities for implementing a victorious vehicular network. In this paper, we tend to report the results of a study on routing protocols associated with conveyance applications and their communication desires. The main aim of our study was to spot that routing technique has higher performance in extremely mobile environment of VANET. The thesis works is based on comparison between Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector routing protocol (AODV), Modified Ad hoc on demand distance vector routing (MAODV) and Destination sequenced distance vector routing (DSDV) in VANET on the basis of packet delivery ratio and end-to-end delay. The tool which we used for the work of performance is Network Simulator 2 (NS-2).

scholarly journals Context-Aware Data Dissemination for ICN-Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Information ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Li ◽  
Xinyue Shi ◽  
Anders Lindgren ◽  
Zhuo Hu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Packet Forwarding ◽  
Information Centric Networking ◽  
Hoc Networks

Information-centric networking (ICN) technology matches many major requirements of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in terms of its connectionless networking paradigm accordant with the dynamic environments of VANETs and is increasingly being applied to VANETs. However, wireless transmissions of packets in VANETs using ICN mechanisms can lead to broadcast storms and channel contention, severely affecting the performance of data dissemination. At the same time, frequent changes of topology due to driving at high speeds and environmental obstacles can also lead to link interruptions when too few vehicles are involved in data forwarding. Hence, balancing the number of forwarding vehicular nodes and the number of copies of packets that are forwarded is essential for improving the performance of data dissemination in information-centric networking for vehicular ad-hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a context-aware packet-forwarding mechanism for ICN-based VANETs. The relative geographical position of vehicles, the density and relative distribution of vehicles, and the priority of content are considered during the packet forwarding. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can improve the performance of data dissemination in ICN-based VANET in terms of a successful data delivery ratio, packet loss rate, bandwidth usage, data response time, and traversed hops.

scholarly journals Simulasi dan Pengkajian Performa Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Aletheia Anggelia Tonoro ◽  
Hartanto K. Wardana ◽  
Saptadi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Link State ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Hoc Networks

Meningkatnya, tingkat kecelakaan dan kemacetan di jalan raya, dan berkembangnya teknologi informasi dengan menggunakan wireless, menghadirkan teknologi Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment (WAVE) sebagai standart komunikasi kendaraan. Salah satu, perkembangan WAVE adalah Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). Teknologi VANET memungkinkan sebuah perangkat komunikasi dapat berkomunikasi secara langsung dengan perangkat lain dalam posisi bergerak misalnya mobil. Meskipun VANET dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan lalu lintas seperti kecelakaan, dan kemacetan, tapi untuk membangun infrastruktur jaringan VANET tidaklah mudah dan membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar. Untuk itu, muncullah network simulator seperti VEINS, SUMO dan OMNET++ yang dapat membantu mensimulasikan jaringan VANET tanpa harus mengeluarkan biaya untuk membangun infrastrukturnya. Karena itu, pada akan dilakukan simulasi jaringan VANET menggunakan VEINS, SUMO dan OMNET++. Dalam pengujian unjuk kerja VANET digunakan 3 jenis routing yaitu Optimized Link State (OLSR), Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) dan Dynamic Manet on Demand (DYMO) dengan delay, throughput dan packet delivery ratio sebagai parameter pengujian.

An Efficient Data Dissemination Scheme for Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 308-327
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Javed ◽  
Jamil Y. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
The Road ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are expected to be used for the dissemination of emergency warning messages on the roads. The emergency warning messages such as post crash warning notification would require an efficient multi hop broadcast scheme to notify all the vehicles within a particular area about the emergency. Such emergency warning applications have low delay and transmission overhead requirements to effectively transmit the emergency notification. In this paper, an adaptive distance based backoff scheme is presented for efficient dissemination of warning messages on the road. The proposed scheme adaptively selects the furthest vehicle as the next forwarder of the emergency message based on channel conditions. The detailed performance figures of the protocol are presented in the paper using simulations in the OPNET network simulator. The proposed protocol introduces lower packet delay and broadcast overhead as compared to standard packet broadcasting protocols for vehicular networks.

Data Dissemination in Vehicular Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 271-297
Author(s):  
Nitin Maslekar ◽  
Mounir Boussedjra ◽  
Houda Labiod ◽  
Joseph Mouzna
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) represent an important component necessary to develop Intelligent Transportation Systems. Recent advances in communications systems have created significant opportunities for a wide variety of applications and services to be implement in vehicles. Most of these applications require a certain dissemination performance to work satisfactorily. Although a variety of optimizations are possible, the basic idea for any dissemination scheme is to facilitate the acquisition of the knowledge about the surrounding vehicles. However, the dynamic nature of vehicular networks makes it difficult to achieve an effective dissemination among vehicles. This chapter provides an overview on those challenges and presents various approaches to disseminate data in vehicular networks.

An Efficient Data Dissemination Scheme for Warning Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Javed ◽  
Jamil Y. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are expected to be used for the dissemination of emergency warning messages on the roads. The emergency warning messages such as post crash warning notification would require an efficient multi hop broadcast scheme to notify all the vehicles within a particular area about the emergency. Such emergency warning applications have low delay and transmission overhead requirements to effectively transmit the emergency notification. In this paper, an adaptive distance based backoff scheme is presented for efficient dissemination of warning messages on the road. The proposed scheme adaptively selects the furthest vehicle as the next forwarder of the emergency message based on channel conditions. The detailed performance figures of the protocol are presented in the paper using simulations in the OPNET network simulator. The proposed protocol introduces lower packet delay and broadcast overhead as compared to standard packet broadcasting protocols for vehicular networks.

scholarly journals Broadcasting in Connected and Fragmented Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Najafzadeh ◽  
Norafida Binti Ithnin ◽  
Shukor Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Broadcast Storm ◽  
Hoc Networks

This paper starts with an overview of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and their characteristics. Then this paper reviews diverse applications of VANETs and the requirements of these applications. In addition it reviews VANETs standards, different broadcasting presented in a variety of studies, and also associated issues with data dissemination in connected and fragmented vehicular networks to solve broadcast storm problem and temporary disconnected VANETs. The discussion will be about the encountered challenges and presented solutions with respect to the related issues, based on the literature and strength and weakness of each protocol.

scholarly journals A Secure Trust-aware Cross-layer Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Baccari ◽  
Mohamed Hadded ◽  
Haifa Touati ◽  
Paul Muhlethaler
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Channel Access ◽  
Hoc Networks

VANETs currently represent one of the most prominent solutions that aim to reduce the number of road accident victims and congestion problems while improving the quality of driving. VANETs form a very dynamic open network in which vehicles exchange information and warnings about road situations and other traffic information through several routing protocols, without any intermediate control. However, the absence of a central control makes such a network vulnerable to several types of attack, not only from the outside but also, and mostly, from the interior. This makes their detection by classical security techniques more difficult and requires the development of new techniques to control the information circulating in the network. In this context, a proposed routing protocol called TDMA-aware Routing Protocol for Multi hop communication in Vehicular networks, is vulnerable to security threats, such as Black Hole and Gray Hole attacks, as well as MAC attacks such as Denial of Service (DoS), which lead to a considerable deterioration in the network’s performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delays, channel access rate, etc. To mitigate the effect of those attacks, we propose a trust-based model in which each node will establish a trust relationship with its neighbors based on their behaviors during the channel access and packet forwarding process. The simulation results show a significant decrease in the effect of attacks on the performance of the TRPM protocol.

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