Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometery for Estimating Movement Skills in Children Aged 8–12 Years

(1) Background: This study sought to calibrate triaxial accelerometery, worn on both wrists, waist and both ankles, during children’s physical activity (PA), with particular attention to object control motor skills performed at a fast and slow cadence, and to cross-validate the accelerometer cut-points derived from the calibration using an independent dataset. (2) Methods: Twenty boys (10.1 ±1.5 years) undertook seven, five-minute bouts of activity lying supine, standing, running (4.5kmph−1) instep passing a football (fast and slow cadence), dribbling a football (fast and slow cadence), whilst wearing five GENEActiv accelerometers on their non-dominant and dominant wrists and ankles and waist. VO2 was assessed concurrently using indirect calorimetry. ROC curve analysis was used to generate cut-points representing sedentary, light and moderate PA. The cut-points were then cross-validated using independent data from 30 children (9.4 ± 1.4 years), who had undertaken similar activities whilst wearing accelerometers and being assessed for VO2. (3) Results: GENEActiv monitors were able to discriminate sedentary activity to an excellent level irrespective of wear location. For moderate PA, discrimination of activity was considered good for monitors placed on the dominant wrist, waist, non-dominant and dominant ankles but fair for the non-dominant wrist. Applying the cut-points to the cross-validation sample indicated that cut-points validated in the calibration were able to successfully discriminate sedentary behaviour and moderate PA to an excellent standard and light PA to a fair standard. (4) Conclusions: Cut-points derived from this calibration demonstrate an excellent ability to discriminate children’s sedentary behaviour and moderate intensity PA comprising motor skill activity.

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Cross‐validation of Actigraph derived accelerometer cut‐points for assessment of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in children aged 8‐11 years

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/apa.15189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 109 (9) ◽

pp. 1825-1830 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael J. Duncan ◽

Emma L. J. Eyre ◽

Val Cox ◽

Clare M. P. Roscoe ◽

Mark A. Faghy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Cut Points ◽

Accelerometer Cut Points

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Cross-validation of Waist-Worn GENEA Accelerometer Cut-Points

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/mss.0000000000000283 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1825-1830 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

WHITNEY A. WELCH ◽

DAVID R. BASSETT ◽

PATTY S. FREEDSON ◽

DINESH JOHN ◽

JEREMY A. STEEVES ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Validation ◽

Cut Points ◽

Accelerometer Cut Points

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Absolute Accelerometer-Based Intensity Prescription Compared to Physiological Variables in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165651 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5651

Author(s):

Philipp Birnbaumer ◽

Pavel Dietz ◽

Estelle Dorothy Watson ◽

Gudani Mukoma ◽

Alexander Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Cut Points ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Metabolic Equivalents ◽

Ventilatory Equivalent ◽

Ventilatory Parameters ◽

Accelerometer Cut Points ◽

The Relationship

Estimation of the intensity of physical activity (PA) based on absolute accelerometer cut points (Cp) likely over- or underestimates intensity for a specific individual. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between absolute moderate intensity Cp and the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). A group of 24 pregnant and 15 nonpregnant women who performed a submaximal incremental walking test with measures of ventilatory parameters and accelerations from three different accelerometers on the wrist (ActiGraph wGT3X-BT, GENEActiv, Axivity AX3) and one on the hip (Actigraph wGT3X-BT) were analyzed. Cp were determined corresponding to 3 metabolic equivalents of task (MET), using the conventional MET definition (Cp3.5) (3.5 mL/kg×min) and individual resting metabolic rate (Cpind). The ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO2) was used to determine VT1. Accelerations at VT1 were significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to Cp3.5 and Cpind in both groups. Cp3.5 and Cpind were significantly different in nonpregnant (p < 0.01) but not in pregnant women. Walking speed at VT1 (5.7 ± 0.5/6.2 ± 0.8 km/h) was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in pregnant compared to nonpregnant women and correspondent to 3.8 ± 0.7/4.9 ± 1.4 conventional METs. Intensity at absolute Cp was lower compared to the intensity at VT1 independent of the device or placement in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Therefore, we recommend individually tailored cut points such as the VT1 to better assess the effect of the intensity of PA.

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Pedometer-Determined Step Count Guidelines for Classifying Walking Intensity in a Young Ostensibly Healthy Population

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1139/h05-147 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 666-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 149

Author(s):

Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽

Susan B. Sisson ◽

Tracy Collova ◽

Sarah M. Lee ◽

Pamela D. Swan

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Test Results ◽

Ambulatory Activity ◽

Cut Points ◽

State Formula ◽

Moderate Intensity Activity ◽

All Speeds

Purpose: (a) To establish pedometer steps/min intensity categories (i.e., light, moderate, hard, very hard) for adults under controlled conditions, and (b) use these cut-points to ascertain the number of steps expected in 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity. Methods: 25 men and 25 women, ages 18-39 years, performed 6-min exercise bouts at 3 treadmill speeds (4.8, 6.4, and 9.7 km/hr). Yamax SW-200 pedometers indicated steps, and steady-state [Formula: see text] was recorded. METs were calculated by dividing steady-state [Formula: see text] by 3.5 ml•kg−1 min−1. Linear regression was used to quantify the relationships between steps/min and METs across all speeds. Ten participants (5 M, 5 F) were randomly selected from the original 50 and constituted a holdout sample for cross-validation purposes (i.e, comparing actual and predicted METs; paired t-test). Results: The regression equation for males was: METs = −7.065 + (0.105*steps/min) r2 = 0.803. For females it was: METs = −8.805 + (0.110*steps/min) r2 = 0.830. Cross-validation was confirmed. Conclusions: Pedometer cut-points corresponding to minimal moderate intensity walking were 96 steps/min in men and 107 steps/min in women, or roughly 100 steps/min for both. This translates to approximately 3,000 steps in 30 min of moderate-intensity ambulatory activity for both genders. Key words: exercise, outcome assessment, motion sensor

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Calibration and Cross-Validation of Accelerometer Cut-Points to Classify Sedentary Time and Physical Activity from Hip and Non-Dominant and Dominant Wrists in Older Adults

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21103326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 3326

Author(s):

Jairo H. Migueles ◽

Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽

Juan M. A. Alcantara ◽

Javier Leal-Martín ◽

Asier Mañas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Cut Points ◽

Metabolic Equivalents ◽

Sample Characteristics ◽

Accelerometer Cut Points

Accelerometers’ accuracy for sedentary time (ST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) classification depends on accelerometer placement, data processing, activities, and sample characteristics. As intensities differ by age, this study sought to determine intensity cut-points at various wear locations people more than 70 years old. Data from 59 older adults were used for calibration and from 21 independent participants for cross-validation purposes. Participants wore accelerometers on their hip and wrists while performing activities and having their energy expenditure measured with portable calorimetry. ST and MVPA were defined as ≤1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs) and ≥3 METs (1 MET = 2.8 mL/kg/min), respectively. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses showed fair-to-good accuracy (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.62–0.89). ST cut-points were 7 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.88, specificity = 0.80) and 1 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 18 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.86, specificity = 0.86) and 102 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.92) for the non-dominant wrist; and 22 mg and 175 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. MVPA cut-points were 14 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.99) and 54 count/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.96) for the hip; 60 mg (cross-validation: sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.99) and 182 counts/5 s (cross-validation: sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.89) for the non-dominant wrist; and 64 mg and 268 counts/5 s (not cross-validated) for the dominant wrist. These cut-points can classify ST and MVPA in older adults from hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers.

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Perceived anxiety and physical activity behaviour changes during the early stages of COVID-19 restrictions in community-dwelling adults in Canada: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e050550

Author(s):

Gavin R McCormack ◽

Patricia K Doyle-Baker ◽

Jennie A Petersen ◽

Dalia Ghoneim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Sectional Study ◽

High Anxiety ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic changed daily routines, including physical activity, which could influence physical and mental health. In our study, we describe physical activity and sedentary behaviour patterns in relation to the pandemic and estimate associations between anxiety and physical activity and sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling adults.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingCalgary, Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsBetween April and June 2020, a random sample of 1124 adults (≥18 years) completed an online questionnaire.Primary and secondary outcomesThe online questionnaire captured current walking, moderate intensity, vigorous intensity and total physical activity and sedentary behaviour (ie, sitting and leisure-based screen time), perceived relative changes in physical activity, sedentary and social behaviours since the pandemic, perceived seriousness and anxiety related to COVID-19, and sociodemographic characteristics. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics, perceived relative change in behaviour and current physical activity and sedentary behaviour were compared between adults with low and high anxiety.ResultsOur sample (n=1047) included more females (60.3%) and fewer older adults (19.2%). Most participants (88.4%) considered COVID-19 as extremely or very serious and one-third (32.9%) felt extremely or very anxious. We found no differences (p>0.05) in current physical activity or sedentary behaviour by anxiety level. The largest perceived change in behaviours included social distancing, driving motor vehicles, use of screen-based devices, watching television and interactions with neighbours. We found anxiety-related differences (p<0.05) in perceived changes in various behaviours.ConclusionsChanges in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and social behaviour occurred soon after the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, and some of these changes differed among those with low and high anxiety.

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