scholarly journals A Virtual Instrument for Road Vehicle Classification Based on Piezoelectric Transducers

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardino González ◽  
Francisco J. Jiménez ◽  
José De Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Vehicle Classification ◽  
Signal Acquisition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Real Traffic

This paper describes a virtual instrument capable of the automatic and quasi-instantaneous classification of a vehicle according to category when it is driving along the road. The vehicle’s classification is based on accurate measurements of both the vehicle’s speed and its wheelbase. Our research is focused on achieving accurate speed and wheelbase measurements and then determining the category of the vehicle through the developed software. The vehicle categorization is based on the wheelbase measurements and the number of axles and metal masses of the vehicle. The system has a complementary magnetic sensor, which helps in classifying the vehicle when the wheelbase measurement could be representative of different categories, and a camera to confirm the results of the experiment. The proposed measurement system presents a novel method for classifying vehicles according to type using piezoelectric transducers (piezo sensors). In addition, no system references have been found that encompass the functionalities of the presented system based on the information of only two piezoelectric transducers. The system has important advantages over current alternatives (systems based on inductive loops, cameras, fiber optic sensors or lasers), the installation is simple and non-invasive and with a success rate of the classification greater than 90%. The system consists of a signal acquisition point on the pavement, signal conditioning hardware and a data acquisition (DAQ) module, which links the hardware and the virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW®. Finally, the system has been tested on the road with real traffic, and the experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper.

Road wetness quantification via tyre spray

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schmiedel ◽  
Frank Gauterin ◽  
Hans-Joachim Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Acceleration Sensors ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Wheel Arch

Road wetness can lead to a significant loss in tyre traction. Although a driver can easily distinguish between dry and wet roads, the thickness of a water film on the road (wetness) and its impact on the vehicle dynamics are more difficult for a driver to classify. Furthermore, autonomous vehicles also need a graded classification of road conditions. There are known sensors, which are able to classify road conditions, but these are either not able to quantify the road wetness or are not suitable for mass production. Therefore, this work analyses a method to measure the road wetness by analysing tyre spray with plain acceleration sensors at positions like wheel arch liner or side skirt. It discusses influences of vehicle speed, road wetness, tyres, road structure and sensor positioning. The results show that a quantification of road wetness is possible, but it relies on the sum of all boundary conditions.

scholarly journals Situation Awareness Measurement in Remotely Controlled Cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Linkov ◽  
Marek Vanžura
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
And Control ◽  
Real Traffic

This study reviews the current information concerning the measurement of the situation awareness (SA) of the teleoperated drivers of remotely controlled cars. The teleoperated drivers who drive these cars are in a remote location, and they control the cars through a communication interface. The objective methods with probes are beneficial in measuring SA on a closed circuit without real traffic. Questions specifically should address the information provided on the road by haptic sensations, such as the slope of the road and the vehicle's speed. Methods for measuring SA that involve probes and interruptions obviously are not suitable for use on public roads. A stable environment for the display and control of the communication interface is suitable for an eye tracker in measuring SA. These features also facilitate the use of subjective observer-rating methods. Both of these methods are suitable for driving on real roads because they are not intrusive. SA research in a real-road environment also should demonstrate how the SA of other drivers is affected by seeing a car without a driver. Given the remote character of driving, cultural differences in cognition may have a significant influence on the SA of the teleoperated driver.

scholarly journals AN INTELLIGENT LOCATION AND STATE REORGANIZATION OF TRAFFIC SIGNAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Saeed Behzadi
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Road ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Geo Database

In all geo-database related to traffic, beside storing roads data, the information associated to traffic signals such as location, types of traffic signals, side street name, and so on are also stored in that database. In reality, the reason of defining traffic signals for road is the situations and conditions which the roads have. So the existence of traffic signals in the network is related to the parameters of the road. In this paper, instead of storing traffic signal data in the database, a novel method is introduced which implemented on the road network. As a result, the spatial and non-spatial information of traffic signals in the network are extracted based on the location and attribute of the road network. The proposed method is implemented on the network; the result of the intelligent method is compared with the traffic signals information which stored in the database. By comparing the locations and states of proposed traffic signals and the real ones, the overall accuracy for recognizing locations of traffic signal is obtained 94% and the overall accuracy for recognizing states of traffic signal is obtained 89%.

scholarly journals Československo 1945–1948: Případ hybridního režimu?

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2–3) ◽  
pp. 188-213
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Bílek ◽  
Ľubomír Lupták
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Hybrid Regimes ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Post War ◽  
Transitional Phase

This article presents an interpretative case study utilizing the concept of hybrid regimes as presented by Leah Gilbert and Payam Mohseni to analyse the political regime of Czechoslovakia between the years 1945–1948. Our aim is to demonstrate that rather than a mere transitional phase on the road from democracy to authoritarianism or an episode of final tremors of the pre-war (democratic) regime, the 1945–1945 regime represents a full-fledged hybrid, rooted in the specific conditions of the post-war period. One of the major problems in contemporary discussions about hybrid regimes is the blurred and somewhat unstable boundary between democratic and authoritarian regimes, especially when viewed only as a function of the electoral processes and mechanics. Gilbert and Mohseni’s classification of hybrid regimes attempts to overcome this problem by including two additional analytic dimensions, allowing to point at the dynamic development of the political regime in post-war Czechoslovakia and its rather lively movement on the scale between authoritarianism and democracy.

scholarly journals On the Road to Circular Public Procurement: Case, Variations, and Potential Actions in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13784
Author(s):  
Simone Wurster ◽  
Rita Schulze ◽  
Ramona G. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Further Development

According to the United Nations, the consumption of materials is expected to double between 2020 and 2050. At the same time, annual waste generation is forecast to increase by 70% by 2050. The circular economy (CE) addresses this problem. However, many barriers to the further development of the CE exist. This article analyses the situation of public procurement in supporting a sustainable CE for tyres in Germany based on 18 interviews with public procurement professionals directly responsible for the purchase of tyres and four additional expert interviews. Based on the dimensions ‘current circular public procurement (CPP) intensity’ and ‘current CPP opportunities’, a classification of tyre procurement situations and barriers to sustainable circular tyre procurement is presented. Strategies to overcome these supply-side and demand-side barriers are specified, resulting in nine recommendations for German policymakers. As a way forward, a detailed concept for a pilot project on tyre CPP is provided. The article also shows how the circular public procurement classification can be used to support sustainability measures in a broader context. Finally, the article’s outlook focuses on implications to promote sustainable circular tyre procurement in other countries. It explains different framework conditions and elaborates to what extent additional research is necessary to develop appropriate recommendations for those conditions.

FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE OF TRANSPORT HUB IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
I.B. Volkodaeva ◽  
L.S. Napreenko
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

The article examines the prerequisites for creating a transport hub in an urban environment, ways to simplify navigation and increase passenger comfort by design methods. The classification of transport hubs is given, the features of their formation based on environmental conditions are highlighted, the requirements for transport hub are formulated. Thus, the development of the system of transport hubs leads to a decrease in comfort when using public transport and stimulates the rejection of personal transport, which in turn leads to a decrease in the load on the road transport network and reduced air pollution.

Study on the Road Rigidity Detecting System Based on LabVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 1986-1989
Author(s):  
Shi Feng Yang ◽  
Chun Qia Liu ◽  
Jing Jing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Detection System ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Road Detection ◽  
The Road ◽  
Development Platform ◽  
On The Road

As an important road detection system performance parameter, road rigidity was the key link and the evaluation index of the road detection system. During the construction of road infrastructure, the implementation of road worked on the hardness testing was necessary. The American National Instruments (NI)’s virtual instrument software development platform Lab VIEW was used as the system’s development platform. Through the signal collected by the pressure sensor combined with signal conditioning circuits formed by the single chip, functions of various parts were designed to analyze the relevant parameters of the road rigidity. The test data was measured and collected according to national standard methods, at the same time, virtual instrument software and related algorithms were used to analysis of the statistics data and the state of the road hardness would be detected and researched. And thus it provided an important basis for the quality of road management and road maintenance.

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