scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Experimental Validation of an Impact-Driven Piezoelectric Energy Harvester in Magnetic Field

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6170
Author(s):  
Chung-De Chen ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Wu ◽  
Po-Wen Su
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Storage Capacitor ◽  
Energy Principle ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
Beam Motion ◽  
The Impact

In this study, an impact-driven piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) in magnetic field is presented. The PEH consists of a piezoelectric cantilever beam and plural magnets. At its initial status, the beam tip magnet is attracted by a second magnet. The second magnet is moved away by hand and then the beam tip magnet moves to a third magnet by the guidance of the magnetic fields. The impact occurs when the beam motion is stopped by the third magnet. The impact between magnets produces an impact energy and causes a transient beam vibration. The electric energy is generated by the piezoelectric effect. Based on the energy principle, a multi-DOF (multi-degree of freedom) mathematical model was developed to calculate the displacements, velocities, and voltage outputs of the PEH. A prototype of the PEH was fabricated. The voltages outputs of the beam were monitored by an oscilloscope. The maximum generated energy was about 0.4045 mJ for a single impact. A comparison between numerical and experimental results was presented in detail. It showed that the predictions based on the model agree with the experimental measurements. The PEH was connected to a diode bridge rectifier and a storage capacitor. The charges generated by the piezoelectric beam were stored in the capacitor by ten impacts. The experiments showed that the energy stored in the capacitor can light up the LED.

scholarly journals Analysis of a Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvester in Different Orientations for Rotational Motion

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jiun Su ◽  
Jia-Han Lin ◽  
Wei-Chang Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Tip Mass

This paper investigates a piezoelectric energy harvester that consists of a piezoelectric cantilever and a tip mass for horizontal rotational motion. Rotational motion results in centrifugal force, which causes the axial load on the beam and alters the resonant frequency of the system. The piezoelectric energy harvester is installed on a rotational hub in three orientations—inward, outward, and tilted configurations—to examine their influence on the performance of the harvester. The theoretical model of the piezoelectric energy harvester is developed to explain the dynamics of the system and experiments are conducted to validate the model. Theoretical and experimental studies are presented with various tilt angles and distances between the harvester and the rotating center. The results show that the installation distance and the tilt angle can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the system to match the excitation frequency.

Synchronization of Cantilevers Arranged in Line of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Spornraft ◽  
Norbert Schwesinger ◽  
Shlomo Berger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Vibrational Excitation ◽  
Line Energy ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
The Right

Synchronization opens further ways to improve cantilever-based energy harvesting arrays in view of power output, easier rectification and scaling. Objective of this study is to investigate the synchronization behavior of a cantilever-array based energy harvesting systems. Thereby, synchronization is achieved by mechanical coupling through a so-called “overhang”. Nakajima et al. [1] and Wang et al. [2] already verified this principle for the synchronization of two and three cantilevers, but at constant vibrational excitation. Regarding energy harvesting, no application of this method is presently available. In this paper, we investigate the synchronization behavior of a piezoelectric cantilever-line energy harvester in airflow. The design of the energy harvester bases upon a piezoelectric cantilever-line and a common bluff body, arranged upstream. To investigate synchronization of the cantilevers, three commonly available piezoelectric bimorphs were employed to study synchronization. Mounted on a common bluff body, the effect of overhang material and position was studied. Therefore, different constellations were examined by impulse excitation as well as vortex-induced vibration in a wind channel. In several measurements, we found arrangements and parameters allowing for an in-phase synchronization of neighborly cantilevers of the line. The knowledge gained allows for a direct electrical connection of piezoelectric cantilevers with just one single rectifier unit. Cantilevers coupled with overhangs arranged in the right order oscillate with the same frequency and phase, i.e. without any charge cancellations. This knowledge opens ways to develop basic design rules for the synchronization of cantilevers.

Energy Harvesting Characteristics of Conical Shells

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
S. D. Hu ◽  
H. S. Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Conical Shell ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Circular Membrane ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has experienced significant growth over the past few years. Various harvesting structures have been proposed to convert ambient vibration energies to electrical energy. However, these harvester’s base structures are mostly beams and some plates. Shells have great potential to harvest more energy. This study aims to evaluate a piezoelectric coupled conical shell based energy harvester system. Piezoelectric patches are laminated on the conical shell surface to convert vibration energy to electric energy. An open-circuit output voltage of the conical energy harvester is derived based on the thin-shell theory and the Donnel-Mushtari-Valsov theory. The open-circuit voltage and its derived energy consists of four components respectively resulting from the meridional and circular membrane strains, as well as the meridional and circular bending strains. Reducing the surface of the harvester to infinite small gives the spatial energy distribution on the shell surface. Then, the distributed modal energy harvesting characteristics of the proposed PVDF/conical shell harvester are evaluated in case studies. The results show that, for each mode with unit modal amplitude, the distribution depends on the mode shape, harvester location, and geometric parameters. The regions with high strain outputs yield higher modal energies. Accordingly, optimal locations for the PVDF harvester can be defined. Also, when modal amplitudes are specified, the overall energy of the conical shell harvester can be calculated.

Fabrication and analytical modeling of transverse mode piezoelectric energy harvesters

2012 ◽  
Vol 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon-Bae Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyun Park ◽  
Seung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Hosang Ahn ◽  
H. Clyde Wikle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Analytical Modeling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Transverse Mode ◽  
Modified Model ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Interdigital Electrodes ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever

ABSTRACTA transverse (d33) mode piezoelectric cantilever was fabricated for energy harvesting. Various dimensions of interdigital electrodes (IDE) were deposited on a piezoelectric layer to examine the effects of electrode design on the performance of energy harvesters. Modeling was performed to calculate the output power of the devices. The estimation was based on Roundy’s analytical modeling derived for a d31 mode piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). In order to apply the Roundy’s model to d33 mode PEH, the IDE configuration was converted to the area of top and bottom electrodes (TBE). The power conversion in d33 mode PEH was commonly estimated by the product of piezoelectric layer’s thickness and finger electrode’s length. In addition, the spacing between fingers was regarded as gap between top and bottom electrodes. However, the output power in a transverse mode PEH increases continuously with the increase of finger spacing, which does not correspond to experimental results. In this research, the dimension of IDE was converted to that of TBE using conformal mapping, and variation of power of PEH was remodeled. The modified model suggests that the maximum power in a transverse mode PEH is obtained when the finger spacing is identical with effective finger spacing. The output power then decreases when finger spacing is larger than effective finger spacing. The decrease of efficiency may result from insufficient degree of poling and increased charged defect with increasing finger spacing.

Modeling and Characterization of a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Under Combined Aerodynamic and Base Excitations

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Bibo ◽  
Abdessattar Abdelkefi ◽  
Mohammed F. Daqaq
Keyword(s):  
Bluff Body ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Primary Resonance ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever

This paper develops and validates an aero-electromechanical model which captures the nonlinear response behavior of a piezoelectric cantilever-type energy harvester under combined galloping and base excitations. The harvester consists of a thin piezoelectric cantilever beam clamped at one end and rigidly attached to a bluff body at the other end. In addition to the vibratory base excitations, the beam is also subjected to aerodynamic forces resulting from the separation of the incoming airflow on both sides of the bluff body which gives rise to limit-cycle oscillations when the airflow velocity exceeds a critical value. A nonlinear electromechanical distributed-parameter model of the harvester under the combined excitations is derived using the energy approach and by adopting the nonlinear Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, linear constitutive relations for the piezoelectric transduction, and the quasi-steady assumption for the aerodynamic loading. The resulting partial differential equations of motion are discretized and a reduced-order model is obtained. The mathematical model is validated by conducting a series of experiments at different wind speeds and base excitation amplitudes for excitation frequencies around the primary resonance of the harvester. Results from the model and experiment are presented to characterize the response behavior under the combined loading.

Parametric analysis of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2538-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jemai ◽  
Fehmi Najar ◽  
Moez Chafra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers

The use of a multilayer piezoelectric cantilever beam for vibration-based energy harvesting applications has been investigated as an effective technique to increase the harvested electrical power. It has been shown that the multilayered energy harvester performance is very sensitive to the number of layers and their electrical connection due to impedance variations. The objective of this work is to suggest a comprehensive mathematical model of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric energy harvester allowing analytical solution for the harvested voltage and electrical power. The model is used to deeply investigate the influence of different parameters on the harvested power. A distributed-parameter model of the harvester using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Hamilton's principle is derived. Gauss's law is used to derive the electrical equations for parallel and series connections. A closed-form solution is proposed based on the Galerkin procedure and the obtained results are validated with a finite element 3D model. A parametric study is performed to ascertain the influence of the load resistance, the thickness ratio, the number of piezoelectric layers on the tip displacement and the electrical harvested power. It is shown that this model can be easily used to adjust the geometrical and electrical parameters of the energy harvester in order to improve the system's performances. In addition, it is proven that if one of the system's parameter is not correctly tuned, the harvested power can decrease by several orders of magnitude.

A Nonlinear Piezoelectric Energy Harvester from the Vibration of Magnetic Levitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
Zu Yao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Frequency Response Analysis ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Vibration-based energy harvester has been widely investigated during the past years. In .order to improve the power-generating ability and enlarge the frequency range of energy harvesters, this paper presents the design and analysis of a new magneto electric energy harvester that uses Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D laminate to harvest energy from nonlinear vibrations created by magnetic levitation. The mathematical model of the proposed harvester is derived and used in a parametric study. By multi-scale analysis, the frequency-response analysis of the system is obtained and discussed here. It is shown that the systems nonlinearity can broaden the harvesters working bandwidth, thus makes the harvester suitable to work in practical cases.

scholarly journals A Magneto-Mechanical Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Designed to Scavenge AC Magnetic Field from Thermal Power Plant with Power-Line Cables

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Quan Wang ◽  
Kyung-Bum Kim ◽  
Sang-Bum Woo ◽  
Yooseob Song ◽  
Tae-Hyun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Ac Magnetic Field ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

Piezoelectric energy harvesters have attracted much attention because they are crucial in portable industrial applications. Here, we report on a high-power device based on a magneto-mechanical piezoelectric energy harvester to scavenge the AC magnetic field from a power-line cable for industrial applications. The electrical output performance of the harvester (×4 layers) reached an output voltage of 60.8 Vmax, an output power of 215 mWmax (98 mWrms), and a power density of 94.5 mWmax/cm3 (43.5 mWrms/cm3) at an impedance matching of 5 kΩ under a magnetic field of 80 μT. The multilayer energy harvester enables high-output performance, presenting an obvious advantage given this improved level of output power. Finite element simulations were also performed to support the experimental observations. The generator was successfully used to power a wireless sensor network (WSN) for use on an IoT device composed of a temperature sensor in a thermal power station. The result shows that the magneto-mechanical piezoelectric energy harvester (MPEH) demonstrated is capable of meeting the requirements of self-powered monitoring systems under a small magnetic field, and is quite promising for use in actual industrial applications.

scholarly journals Transient analysis of a current driven full wave AC/DC converter for indirect characterisation of piezoelectric devices during energy harvesting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Storage Capacitor ◽  
Full Wave ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Driving Current ◽  
New Formulation

This paper provides a new approach to extract piezoelectric energy harvester properties, namely capacitance and current, from the increase of voltage with time on a storage capacitor after full wave rectification. The work provides a derivation of a more complete expression for the development of the output voltage with time, from which the equilibrium expression employed in earlier publications appears as a limiting case. This new formulation enables an accurate estimate of the sinusoidal driving current and the shunt capacitance to be made without recourse to direct measurement. Using the analysis with both simulated and experimental data, a four-step procedure is proposed that requires only the measurement of the initial slope of the voltage-time profile and the final settling value. This approach allows the much studied method of converting the piezoelectric output into charge stored on a capacitor to provide a unique indirect measurement method of the driving current and device capacitance under the conditions of frequency, temperature, stress and strain experienced by the piezoelectric energy harvester during operation.

scholarly journals Magnetic Field Energy Harvesting with a Lead-Free Piezoelectric High Energy Conversion Material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Hyun Sung ◽  
QUAN WANG ◽  
Kyung Bum Kim ◽  
Sang Bum Woo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Field Energy ◽  
Magnetic Field Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy

A high-performance Lead-free Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (LPEH) based on a Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3 + CuO 0.3 wt% (BCTZC0.3) composite was fabricated by sintering at 1450℃. The BCTZC0.3 composite, which has an enhanced high-energy-conversion constant (〖d_33×g〗_33), shows improved piezoelectric power-generation performance when compared with conventional piezoelectric energy harvesters. The BCTZC0.3-based LPEH produces instantaneous maximum power of 8.2 mW and an energy density of 107.9 mW/cm3 in a weak magnetic field of 250 μT. This energy harvester can be used to charge a capacitor and operate a wireless sensor network (WSN) system to provide temperature sensing and radio-frequency (RF) transmission in a 250 μT magnetic field. The proposed LPEH is a promising green-energy device for potentially self-powering WSN systems when applied.

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