scholarly journals Reliability Evaluation of the Data Acquisition Potential of a Low-Cost Climatic Network for Applications in Agriculture

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6597
Author(s):  
Sergio Trilles ◽  
Pablo Juan ◽  
Carlos Díaz-Avalos ◽  
Sara Ribeiro ◽  
Marco Painho
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Similarity Analysis

Temperature, humidity and precipitation have a strong influence on the generation of diseases in different crops, especially in vine. In recent years, advances in different disciplines have enabled the deployment of sensor nodes on agricultural plots. These sensors are characterised by a low cost and so the reliability of the data obtained from them can be compromised, as they are built from low-confidence components. In this research, two studies were carried out to determine the reliability of the data obtained by different SEnviro nodes installed in vineyards. Two networks of meteorological stations were used to carry out these studies, one official and the other professional. The first study was based on calculating the homogenisation of the data, which was performed using the Climatol tool. The second study proposed a similarity analysis using cross-correlation. The results showed that the low-cost node can be used to monitor climatic conditions in an agricultural area in the central zone of the province of Castelló (Spain) and to obtain reliable observations for use in previously published fungal disease models.

scholarly journals 3D DOCUMENTATION OF FRAIL ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS USING LOW-COST INSTRUMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
V. Katsichti ◽  
G. Kontogianni ◽  
A. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Hand Image ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Suitable Processing

Abstract. In archaeological excavations, many small fragments or artefacts are revealed whose fine details sometimes should be captured in 3D. In general, 3D documentation methods fall into two main categories: Range-Based modelling and Image-Based modelling. In Range Based modelling, a laser scanner (Time of Flight, Structured light, etc.) is used for the raw data acquisition in order to create the 3D model of an object. The above method is accurate enough but is still very expensive in terms of equipment. On the other hand, Image-Based modelling, is affordable because the equipment required is merely a camera with the appropriate lens, and possibly a turntable and a tripod. In this case, the 3D model of an object is created by suitable processing of images which are taken around the object with a large overlap. In this paper, emphasis is given on the effectiveness of 3D models of frail archaeological finds originate from the palatial site of Ayios Vasileios in Laconia in the south-eastern Peloponnese, using low-cost equipment and methods. The 3D model is also produced using various, mainly freeware, hence low-cost, software and the results are compared to those from a well-established commercial one.

Correlational Methods for Analysis of Dance Movements

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 283-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Brick ◽  
Steven M. Boker
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Motion Capture Data ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Insight Into

Among the qualities that distinguish dance from other types of human behavior and interaction are the creation and breaking of synchrony and symmetry. The combination of symmetry and synchrony can provide complex interactions. For example, two dancers might make very different movements, slowing each time the other sped up: a mirror symmetry of velocity. Examining patterns of synchrony and symmetry can provide insight into both the artistic nature of the dance, and the nature of the perceptions and responses of the dancers. However, such complex symmetries are often difficult to quantify. This paper presents three methods – Generalized Local Linear Approximation, Time-lagged Autocorrelation, and Windowed Cross-correlation – for the exploration of symmetry and synchrony in motion-capture data as is it applied to dance and illustrate these with examples from a study of free-form dance. Combined, these techniques provide powerful tools for the examination of the structure of symmetry and synchrony in dance.

Use of Ornamental Trees in Dating of Abandoned Cemeteries on the Example of Thuja Occidentalis and Thuja Orientalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Magdalena Opała ◽  
Leszek Majgier
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Thuja Orientalis ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Common Tree ◽  
Local Habitat

Abstract Due to the lack of maintenance, abandoned cemeteries are often incorporated into the landscape. In many cases the information about the age of the cemetery is unavailable. To find out the approximate time of the formation of the cemetery the information recorded in the annual tree and shrub rings can be used. One of the most common tree species, planted for ornamental and symbolic purposes on the cemeteries, are Thuja orientalis and Thuja occidentalis. Alien to the Polish flora, these species adapted well to the local habitat and climatic conditions. The paper presents an attempt to apply dendrochronological dating to determine the age of the abandoned cemeteries in the region of the Great Masurian Lakes, part of the Masurian Lake District (north-eastern Poland). The study included five abandoned cemeteries. In total, 15 cores were taken from the trees. After applying the standard dendrochronological method, local chronologies for the studied species were established. The research indicated that the oldest found specimens - over 70 yrs old - are Thuja occidentalis individuals growing at the Słabowo cemetery. At the other sites the specimens of both Thuja species date back to the 1960s and early 1970s. Compared to the historical information regarding the age and origin of the studied objects, thujas growing there are much younger than the age of the cemeteries foundation. The presented method proved to be very helpful in understanding the time of Thuja occidentalis and Thuja orientalis introduction at the investigated cemeteries.

SAE 1039

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract SAF 1039 steel can be used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil-quenched-and-tempered or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. Its manganese content is a little higher than some of the other standard carbon steels with comparable carbon levels; this gives it slightly higher hardenability and hardness. It provides medium strength and toughness at low cost. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-66. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

Using Low Temperature, Cost-effective and Green Methods to Carbon Nanohorn Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Ali Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Reaction Field ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Graphite Rod

Background: Laser ablation method has high-yield and pure SWCNHs. On the other hand, arc discharge methods have low-cost production of SWCNHs. However, these techniques have more desirable features, they need special expertness to use high power laser or high current discharge that either of them produces very high temperature. As for the researches, the temperatures of these techniques are higher than 4727°C to vaporize the graphite. So, to become aware of the advantages of SWCNHs, it is necessary to find a new way to synthesize SWCNHs at a lower temperature. In other words, reaction field can be expandable at a moderate temperature. This paper reports a new way to synthesize SWCNHs at an extremely reduced temperature. Methods: According to this study, the role of N2 is the protection of the copper holder supporting the graphite rod by increasing heat transfer from the holder. After the current of 70 A was supplied to the system, the temperature of graphite rod was raised to 1600°C. It is obvious that this temperature is somehow higher than the melting point of palladium, 1555°C, and much lower than graphite melting point, 3497°C. Results: Based on the results, there are transitional precursors simultaneous with the SWCNHs. This composition can be created by distortion of the primary SWCNTs at the higher temperature. Subsequently, each SWCNTs have a tendency to be broken into individual horns. With increasing the concentration of the free horns, bud-like SWCNHs can be produced. Moreover, there are individual horns almost separated from the mass of single wall carbon nanohorns. This structure is not common in SWCNHs synthesized by the usual method such as arc discharge or laser ablation. Through these regular techniques, SWCNHs are synthesized as cumulative particles with diameters about 30-150 nm. Conclusion: A simple heating is needed for SWCNTs transformation to SWCNHs with the presence of palladium as catalyst. The well-thought-out mechanism for this transformation is that SWCNTs were initially changed to highly curled shape, and after that were formed into small independent horns. The other rout to synthesize SWCNHs is the pyrolysis of palm olein at 950°C with the assistance of zinc nitrate and ferrocene. Palm olein was used as a promising, bio-renewable and inexpensive carbon source for the production of carbon nanohorns.

Etude sur la teneur en pigment de frênes qui croissent dans des conditions différentes

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Light Quantity ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
The One ◽  
Green Pigments

Pigment content of ashes grown up under different circumstances - The pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b,  xanthophyll and carotene) has been researched with ashes grown up under  different light circumstances and varying in age and height.     The results prove that the general laws concerning the influence of light  on the pigment content, don’t always work.     The phenomen is very complex. The light quantity is very important in some  cases, but insignificant in others. It seems origin and height of plants have  a strong influence. The results prove also the influence of the environment  is much higher on small plants as on big ones.     The research indicates finally the correlation between the green pigments,  the yellow pigments, and between the green pigments on the one side and the  yellow ones on the other side.

A real time, wireless and low cost data acquisition system for residential PV modules

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyma BARKA ◽  
Hanen MESSAOUDI-ABID ◽  
Houda BEN ATTIA SETTHOM ◽  
Afef BENNANI-BEN ABDELGHANI ◽  
Ilhem SLAMA-BELKHODJA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Pv Modules

scholarly journals A Local Oscillator Phase Compensation Technique for Ultra-Wideband Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave Radar Based on a Low-Cost Software-Defined Radio

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Kazunori Takahashi ◽  
Takashi Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Stepped Frequency

The paper discusses a way to configure a stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) radar using a low-cost software-defined radio (SDR). The most of high-end SDRs offer multiple transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) channels, one of which can be used as the reference channel for compensating the initial phases of TX and RX local oscillator (LO) signals. It is same as how commercial vector network analyzers (VNAs) compensate for the LO initial phase. These SDRs can thus acquire phase-coherent in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) data without additional components and an SFCW radar can be easily configured. On the other hand, low-cost SDRs typically have only one transmitter and receiver. Therefore, the LO initial phase has to be compensated and the phases of the received I/Q signals have to be retrieved, preferably without employing an additional receiver and components to retain the system low-cost and simple. The present paper illustrates that the difference between the phases of TX and RX LO signals varies when the LO frequency is changed because of the timing of the commencement of the mixing. The paper then proposes a technique to compensate for the LO initial phases using the internal RF loopback of the transceiver chip and to reconstruct a pulse, which requires two streaming: one for the device under test (DUT) channel and the other for the internal RF loopback channel. The effect of the LO initial phase and the proposed method for the compensation are demonstrated by experiments at a single frequency and sweeping frequency, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can compensate for the LO initial phases and ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses can be reconstructed correctly from the data sampled by a low-cost SDR.

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