scholarly journals Parameter Determination and Ion Current Improvement of the Ion Current Sensor Used for Flame Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Hanqing Xu ◽  
Weijun Fan ◽  
Jianwei Feng ◽  
Peiliang Yan ◽  
Shuchan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Excitation Voltage ◽  
Burner Exit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Flame Monitoring

Flame monitoring of industrial combustors with high-reliability sensors is essential to operation security and performance. An ion current flame sensor with a simple structure has great potential to be widely used, but a weak ion current is the critical defect to its reliability. In this study, parameters of the ion current sensor used for monitoring flames on a Bunsen burner are suggested, and a method of further improving the ion current is proposed. Effects of the parameters, including the excitation voltage, electrode area, and electrode radial and vertical positions on the ion current, were investigated. The ion current grew linearly with the excitation voltage. Given that the electrodes were in contact with the flame fronts, the ion current increased with the contact area of the cathode but independent of the contact area of the anode. The smaller electrode radial position resulted in a higher ion current. The ion current was insensitive to the anode vertical position but largely sensitive to the cathode vertical position. Based on the above ion current regularities, the sensor parameters were suggested as follows: The burner served as a cathode and the platinum wire acted as an anode. The excitation voltage, anode radial and vertical positions were 120 V, 0 mm, and 6 mm, respectively. The method of further improving the ion current by adding multiple sheet cathodes near the burner exit was proposed and verified. The results show that the ion current sensor with the suggested parameters could correctly identify the flame state, including the ignition, combustion, and extinction, and the proposed method could significantly improve the magnitude of the ion current.

The Relation between Angle of Display and Performance in a Prolonged Visual Task

1950 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Visual Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Display Surface ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
And Performance

An experiment is described to test the relation between angle of display and performance in prolonged visual tasks, using the Clock Test in three positions of display surface, vertical, at an angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal, and horizontal. In every case the line of regard was kept at right-angles to the display surface. The results indicate that significantly fewer stimuli are missed in the vertical position of the display surface than in the other two. The deterioration observed in the second half-hour of the original Clock Test experiments was not found in the present experiment, and two possible reasons for this are discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Self-efficacy and performance of the roundhouse kick in taekwondo

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Octavio Álvarez ◽  
Coral Falcó ◽  
Isabel Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Total Response Time ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship

Development of self-efficacy scales allows the analysis of athletes’ perceptions and examination of the relationship between perception and performance. The aim of this paper was to: (1) develop a specific self-efficacy scale in a taekwondo task, the roundhouse kick, and (2) analyse the sport performance and its relationship with two self-efficacy scales (specific and general) outcomes according to the athletes’ gender.<strong> </strong>Forty-three taekwondo athletes (33 male and 10 female) participated in this study. The Physical (PSE) and Specific (RKSES) self-efficacy scales were administered. Performance data (impact force and total response time) were acquired by athletes kicking twice to an instrumented target. Results showed that the specific self-efficacy scale has high reliability and is able to predict sport performance in males and females. Males had higher self-efficacy scores and also higher performance results than females. Females’ taekwondo psychological training should be focus on improving their self-efficacy perception in order to increase their performance in the roundhouse kick. This specific self-efficacy scale for the taekwondo roundhouse kick offers empirical information to coaches, sport psychologists and researchers that allow them to predict athletes’ sport performance in the roundhouse kick.

scholarly journals Performance Prediction Equation for 2000 m Youth Indoor Rowing Using a 100 m Maximal Test

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
Luiz Felipe da Silva ◽  
Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto ◽  
Dihogo Gama de Matos ◽  
Steven E. Riechman ◽  
Victor de Queiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Maximum Effort ◽  
And Performance

Background: The exhaustive series of tests undergone by young athletes of Olympic rowing prior to important competitions imply loads of physical stress that can ultimately impact on mood and motivation, with negative consequences for their training and performance. Thus, it is necessary to develop a tool that uses only the performance of short distances but is highly predictive, offering a time expectancy with high reliability. Such a test must use variables that are easy to collect with high practical applicability in the daily routine of coaches. Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop a mathematical model capable of predicting 2000 m rowing performance from a maximum effort 100 m indoor rowing ergometer (IRE) test in young rowers. Methods: The sample consisted of 12 male rowing athletes in the junior category (15.9 ± 1.0 years). A 100 m time trial was performed on the IRE, followed by a 2000 m time trial 24-h later. Results: The 2000 m mathematical model to predict performance in minutes based on the maximum 100 m test demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.734; p = 0.006), strong reliability index (ICC: 0.978; IC95%: [0.960; 0.980]; p = 0.001) and was within usable agreement limits (Bland -Altman Agreement: −0.60 to 0.60; 95% CI [−0.65; 0.67]). Conclusion: The mathematical model developed to predict 2000 m performance is effective and has a statistically significant reliability index while being easy to implement with low cost.

Analysis and Performance Evaluation of a High Thrust Force Density Segmental Stator Linear Switch Reluctance Machine for Low Cost Conveyor Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 416-417 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Dao Han Wang ◽  
Xiu He Wang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Magnetic Circuit ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Force Density ◽  
Reluctance Machine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Thrust

This paper presents a novel linear switch reluctance machine (LSRM) with segmental stator. The principle of the presented machine is given and compared to the well-known teeth type linear switch reluctance machine. Because the presented machine incorporates a simple concentric winding and concrete ferrite-magnetic segmentations, it features unique magnetic circuit compared to teeth type linear reluctance machine. It is found that the presented linear reluctance machine gains favorable superiority over the teeth type linear reluctance machine in terms of high force density, high reliability and low cost. Different topologies of the presented machine are given and both their merits and demerits are discussed.

A STUDY OF SURFACE FINISHES FOR IC SUBSTRATES AND WIRE BOND APPLICATIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
pp. 000516-000520 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ganjei ◽  
Ernest Long ◽  
Lenora Toscano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Finish ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Gold Wire ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
And Performance

The continuing drive for ever increasing performance enhancement in the electronics industry, in combination with the recent, very significant increase in precious metal costs have left fabricators and OEMs questioning what the best, most cost effective, surface finish is for high reliability applications. Currently, the IC substrate market relies heavily on electrolytic nickel and gold as a solderable and superior wire bondable surface. The use of this finish has allowed manufacturers to avoid the reliability concerns However, this choice also results in significant design restraints being imposed. Many in the industry are now investigating the use of electroless nickel/electroless palladium/immersion gold (ENEPIG) to achieve both high reliability and performance, without the negative design restraints imparted by the use of electrolytic processes. However, over the last year alone, the industry has watched the price of gold increase by 50% and that of palladium double [1]. With this in mind, and considering the historic precedent set in the mid 1990’s when ENEPIG was also evaluated as a surface finish for printed circuit boards, when coincidentally, the cost of palladium also reached an all time high, it should be remembered that the electronics industry quickly moved to evaluate alternate, more cost sustainable, surface finishes. This paper details the use of lower cost, alternate surface finishes for IC substrate applications, with particular experimental focus on gold wire bonding capabilities and BGA solderability of the finishes described. The paper also discusses related process cycle advantages and the significantly reduced operating costs associated with these new finishes.

But Will It Build? Assessing Student Engineering Designers’ Use of Design for Additive Manufacturing Considerations in Design Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Prabhu ◽  
Scarlett R. Miller ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Nicholas A. Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Build Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Part Complexity

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) enables engineers to improve the functionality and performance of their designs by adding complexity at little to no additional cost. However, AM processes also exhibit certain unique limitations, such as the presence of support material. These limitations must be accounted for to ensure that designs can be manufactured feasibly and cost-effectively. Given these unique process characteristics, it is important for an AM-trained workforce to be able to incorporate both opportunistic and restrictive design for AM (DfAM) considerations into the design process. While AM/DfAM educational interventions have been discussed in the literature, few studies have objectively assessed the integration of DfAM in student engineering designers’ design outcomes. Furthermore, limited research has explored how the use of DfAM affects the students’ AM designs’ achievement of design task objectives. This research explores this gap in literature through an experimental study with 301 undergraduate students. Specifically, participants were exposed to either restrictive DfAM or dual DfAM (both opportunistic and restrictive) and then asked to participate in a design challenge. The participants’ final designs were evaluated for (1) build time and build material (2) the use of the various DfAM concepts, and (3) the features used to manifest these DfAM concepts. The results show that the use of certain DfAM considerations, such as part complexity, number of parts, support material mass, and build plate contact area (corresponding to warping tendency), correlated with the build material and build time of the AM designs—minimizing both of which were objectives of the design task. The results also show that introducing participants to opportunistic DfAM leads to the generation of designs with higher part complexity and lower build plate contact area but a greater presence of inaccessible support material.

1.2 Computers and Their Potential: Software

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Geisler ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Systems Software ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

At the present time, with the high reliability and performance of computer hardware, computer systems applied in any field must be judged more by the quality of the software provided. Thus it is highly relevant in an investigation of the use of computers in a field such as animal production, to concentrate on aspects of the software.Software provides the computer with the ability to obey instructions and to do as the user wishes. However, before arriving at these ‘machine instructions’ a number of steps have to be covered. First, it is essential to design the software — that is, to establish the requirements to be achieved on the computer. This design stage is followed by the implementation phase, in which the requirements as stated in English are transformed into such instructions as the machine can read and obey. The final phase is testing, in which it must be determined whether the requirements have been met, and to modify the design and iterate until the performance is satisfactory.Software in general can be divided into three classes — systems, utility and applications software. The systems software drives the machine and its associated peripherals such as a VDU and printer. The systems software also includes a file system for organization of the data on the relevant storage media (floppy disks, cartridges, magnetic tape). Also considered part of the systems software are the assembler, interpreters and compilers for high level languages such as BASIC and FORTRAN and for programming aids such as DEBUGGERS. Systems software is normally supplied with the computer and needs to be evaluated along with the hardware by any prospective purchaser of a computer system.

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