scholarly journals Determination of Nutrients in Liquid Manures and Biogas Digestates by Portable Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3892
Author(s):  
Michael Horf ◽  
Robin Gebbers ◽  
Sebastian Vogel ◽  
Markus Ostermann ◽  
Max-Frederik Piepel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Reference Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Knowing the exact nutrient composition of organic fertilizers is a prerequisite for their appropriate application to improve yield and to avoid environmental pollution by over-fertilization. Traditional standard chemical analysis is cost and time-consuming and thus it is unsuitable for a rapid analysis before manure application. As a possible alternative, a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was tested to enable a fast, simultaneous, and on-site analysis of several elements. A set of 62 liquid pig and cattle manures as well as biogas digestates were collected, intensively homogenized and analysed for the macro plant nutrients phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulphur as well as the micro nutrients manganese, iron, copper, and zinc using the standard lab procedure. The effect of four different sample preparation steps (original, dried, filtered, and dried filter residues) on XRF measurement accuracy was examined. Therefore, XRF results were correlated with values of the reference analysis. The best R2s for each element ranged from 0.64 to 0.92. Comparing the four preparation steps, XRF results for dried samples showed good correlations (0.64 and 0.86) for all elements. XRF measurements using dried filter residues showed also good correlations with R2s between 0.65 and 0.91 except for P, Mg, and Ca. In contrast, correlation analysis for liquid samples (original and filtered) resulted in lower R2s from 0.02 to 0.68, except for K (0.83 and 0.87, respectively). Based on these results, it can be concluded that handheld XRF is a promising measuring system for element analysis in manures and digestates.

X-ray Total Reflection Fluorescence Analysis of Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Bromine in Human Serum

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1250-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Yap
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Good Agreement

The method of total reflection fluorescence analysis was used to obtain concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, and bromine in human sera. It was first applied to the commercial control-serum preparation known as Seronorm, and the results obtained were in good agreement with quoted values. The method was then used to determine the concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, and bromine in a random sampling of 62 individuals in an essentially Chinese population. The results are discussed. We feel that this is a suitable method for trace-element analysis of blood in an average laboratory. It is rapid, simple, and economical, besides being multielemental and nondestructive and requiring very small quantities—which seems to be a must in pediatrics.

Use of Multiple Standards for Absorption Correction and Quantitation with Frieda

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
P. S. Ong ◽  
E. L. Cheng ◽  
G. Sroka
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Exciting Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Absorption ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Absorption Correction ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Fluorescence Radiation

AbstractThe computerized fluorescence radiation induced energy dispersive analyzer (FRIEDA) (1) described earlier uses an x-ray beam with a well defined energy for the excitation of fluorescence radiation, and an Si(Li) detector to measure the total x-ray spectra emitted. Such a system can also simultaneously provide supplemental data for the determination of the dry mass and the sample mass absorption which is necessary for accurate quantitation of the results. This instrumental capabillty has been utilized in the measurement of the trace elements iron, copper, and zinc in serum.Known amounts of two elements are thoroughly mixed with the sample. One element has a ‘high energy’ K line, the other a ‘low energy’ K line. The ratio of these intensities, in the absence of absorption, is a known constant and dependent only on the relative amounts of the respective elements, and on the energy of the exciting radiation. Whenever absorption is present, the ratio will change in a manner directly related to the mass absorption of the sample for these radiations.

scholarly journals Prediction of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Se Concentrations in Organic Amendments Using Portable X-ray Fluorescence and Multivariate Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5726
Author(s):  
Rafael López-Núñez ◽  
Fátima Ajmal-Poley ◽  
Pilar Burgos-Doménech
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
Aqua Regia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Exchange Programme ◽  
Analytical Laboratories

Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) has been a widely used technique in various applications. However, its use for the analysis of organic amendments (composts, sewage sludges, organic fertilizers) is scarce. In these matrices, concentrations of some elements are below their detection limit. The objective of this work was to find multiple linear regression equations that were able to predict the aqua-regia-soluble concentrations of the elements As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Se using the pXRF readings of other measurable elements as predictor variables. For this, a set of 30 samples of organic amendments (composts, sewage sludges, and organic fertilizers) from the Manure and Refuse Sample Exchange Programme of the Wageningen Evaluating Programs for Analytical Laboratories (MARSEP-WEPAL) was used. Several amendment type-dependent single or multiple linear functions were found based on 1, 2, or 3 predictors. The predictor readings corresponded to the concentration of elements of geogenic (Fe, Si, Ti, Cl, Zr Al, Ca, S, Mn, and Ba), anthropogenic (Zn and Pb), and agricultural (P and K) origin. The regression coefficients of these functions were r = 0.90–0.99; therefore, they allowed for the quantitative determination of the target elements. These results will allow for fast and reliable analysis of organic amendments using pXRF that is valid for quality control in treatment plants.

The Measurement of Elastic Constants for the Determination of Stresses by X-Rays

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Perry ◽  
I.C. Noyan ◽  
P.J. Rudnik ◽  
J.B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Interplanar Spacing ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measured Change ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Applied Stresses

Residual and applied stresses (σij) are often measured via X-ray diffraction, by calculating the resultant elastic strains (ϵij) from the measured change in interplanar spacing (“d”). This method is non-destructive, reasonably reproducible (typically ±14 MPa), can be carried out in the field, and is readily automated to give values to an operator-specified precision , Let Li represent the axes of the measuring system with L3 normal to the diffracting planes, and Pi represent the sample axes. These axes are illustrated in Figure 1. In what follows, primed stresses and strains are in the laboratory system, while unprimed values are in the sample system.

Bio-PIXE AT THE TAKIZAWA FACILITY (Bio-PIXE WITH A BABY CYCLOTRON)

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
T. YANAGISAWA ◽  
H. TSUNODA ◽  
S. FUTATSUGAWA ◽  
S. HATAKEYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectral Fitting

For the developement of bio-PIXE, two problems remain to be solved; one in accelerator availability and the other in data analysis. To improve the former, a method of applying baby cyclotrons to PIXE has been developed. To solve the latter, the computer program SAPIX for x-ray spectrum analysis ,which runs on ordinary personal computers and is fairly easy to operate has been developed. Examples of spectral fitting by the SAPIX and a description of the program are given. Further, the two-detector measuring system which we have employed for the simultaneous determination of all elements is reported.

Elemental Analysis of Geological Samples Using a Multichannel, Simultaneous X-Ray Spectrometer

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
J. B. Cross ◽  
L. V. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Key Factor

X-ray spectrometry has been used successfully for major and trace element analysis of geological samples (e.g. reference 1). Its advantage is providing accurate and precise results in a rapid manner: a key factor in selecting analytical methods for mineralogical studies involving large numbers of samples. All elements with atomic numbers greater than 9 (fluorine), except noble gases, can be determined with sensitivities ranging down to ppm levels.The analytical method described in this report is for the determination of the major elements (i.e. Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn and Fe) in geological samples. Commercially available automated fusion devices are used for sample preparation.

Determination Of Nitrogen and Other Elements in Plant Material By X-Ray Fluorescence

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 711-723
Author(s):  
D. Bonvin ◽  
K. Juchli ◽  
B.W. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Light Element ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bottom Element ◽  
Synthetic Crystals

In the early years, the element range covered by the Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (WDXRF) technique was restricted by the quality of vacuum, crystals and detectors in the system. The lightest element detectable was Aluminium (Z = 13). The area of light element analysis had obvious potential for extension over the years. It created the barrier for XRP coverage of the Periodic Table because the naturally softer radiations lay out of range of the technique. In the middle of the 1980's, new technology became available for the manufacture of synthetic crystals with artificially created 2d spacings to suit the X-ray wavelength range of interest. These hyered synthetic microstructures (also called “multilayer crystals”) allowed more sensitivity to be achieved in this part of the spectrum, and the bottom element limit soon moved down towards lighter elements.

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