scholarly journals Multi-Camera Vessel-Speed Enforcement by Enhancing Detection and Re-Identification Techniques

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4659
Author(s):  
Matthijs H. Zwemer ◽  
Herman G. J. Groot ◽  
Rob Wijnhoven ◽  
Egor Bondarev ◽  
Peter H. N. de With
Keyword(s):  
Image Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
System A ◽  
Bounding Box ◽  
Camera View ◽  
Speed Enforcement ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Time Selection ◽  
Vessel Speed

This paper presents a camera-based vessel-speed enforcement system based on two cameras. The proposed system detects and tracks vessels per camera view and employs a re-identification (re-ID) function for linking vessels between the two cameras based on multiple bounding-box images per vessel. Newly detected vessels in one camera (query) are compared to the gallery set of all vessels detected by the other camera. To train and evaluate the proposed detection and re-ID system, a new Vessel-reID dataset is introduced. This extensive dataset has captured a total of 2474 different vessels covered in multiple images, resulting in a total of 136,888 vessel bounding-box images. Multiple CNN detector architectures are evaluated in-depth. The SSD512 detector performs best with respect to its speed (85.0% Recall@95Precision at 20.1 frames per second). For the re-ID of vessels, a large portion of the total trajectory can be covered by the successful detections of the SSD model. The re-ID experiments start with a baseline single-image evaluation obtaining a score of 55.9% Rank-1 (49.7% mAP) for the existing TriNet network, while the available MGN model obtains 68.9% Rank-1 (62.6% mAP). The performance significantly increases with 5.6% Rank-1 (5.7% mAP) for MGN by applying matching with multiple images from a single vessel. When emphasizing more fine details by selecting only the largest bounding-box images, another 2.0% Rank-1 (1.4% mAP) is added. Application-specific optimizations such as travel-time selection and applying a cross-camera matching constraint further enhance the results, leading to a final 88.9% Rank-1 and 83.5% mAP performance.

Face detection in single and multiple images using different skin color models

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur ◽  
Jasdev Bhatti ◽  
Mohit Kumar Kakkar ◽  
Arun Upmanyu
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Reliability Model ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Face Region ◽  
Bounding Box ◽  
The Face ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Introduction: Face Detection is used in many different steams like video conferencing, human-computer interface, in face detection, and in the database management of image. Therefore, the aim of our paper is to apply Red Green Blue ( Methods: The morphological operations are performed in the face region to a number of pixels as the proposed parameter to check either an input image contains face region or not. Canny edge detection is also used to show the boundaries of a candidate face region, in the end, the face can be shown detected by using bounding box around the face. Results: The reliability model has also been proposed for detecting the faces in single and multiple images. The results of the experiments reflect that the algorithm been proposed performs very well in each model for detecting the faces in single and multiple images and the reliability model provides the best fit by analyzing the precision and accuracy. Moreover Discussion: The calculated results show that HSV model works best for single faced images whereas YCbCr and TSL models work best for multiple faced images. Also, the evaluated results by this paper provides the better testing strategies that helps to develop new techniques which leads to an increase in research effectiveness. Conclusion: The calculated value of all parameters is helpful for proving that the proposed algorithm has been performed very well in each model for detecting the face by using a bounding box around the face in single as well as multiple images. The precision and accuracy of all three models are analyzed through the reliability model. The comparison calculated in this paper reflects that HSV model works best for single faced images whereas YCbCr and TSL models work best for multiple faced images.

scholarly journals Method for Dynamic Service Orchestration in Fog Computing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Nerijus Morkevicius ◽  
Algimantas Venčkauskas ◽  
Nerijus Šatkauskas ◽  
Jevgenijus Toldinas
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Service Orchestration ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
System A ◽  
Service Distribution ◽  
Judgment Matrix ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Constrained Devices

Fog computing is meant to deal with the problems which cloud computing cannot solve alone. As the fog is closer to a user, it can improve some very important QoS characteristics, such as a latency and availability. One of the challenges in the fog architecture is heterogeneous constrained devices and the dynamic nature of the end devices, which requires a dynamic service orchestration to provide an efficient service placement inside the fog nodes. An optimization method is needed to ensure the required level of QoS while requiring minimal resources from fog and end devices, thus ensuring the longest lifecycle of the whole IoT system. A two-stage multi-objective optimization method to find the best placement of services among available fog nodes is presented in this paper. A Pareto set of non-dominated possible service distributions is found using the integer multi-objective particle swarm optimization method. Then, the analytical hierarchy process is used to choose the best service distribution according to the application-specific judgment matrix. An illustrative scenario with experimental results is presented to demonstrate characteristics of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Estimating Trunk Angles During Lifting Using Computer Vision Bounding Boxes *

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1128-1129
Author(s):  
Runyu L. Greene ◽  
Ming-Lun Lu ◽  
Menekse Salar Barim ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Marie Hayden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Bounding Box ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Camera View ◽  
Low Back Disorders ◽  
Precision Tracking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bounding Boxes ◽  
3D Motion Capture ◽  
Kinematic Properties

We previously developed a method for classifying lifting postures using dimensions of a rectangular bounding box drawn tightly around the subject for a single camera view that is more tolerable of conditions encountered in industrial settings than high precision tracking and can be practically implemented on a smart hand-held device. This study explores the use of simple bounding box dimensions to predict trunk angle while lifting. Mannequin poses were generated using the Michigan 3DSSPP software for 105 postures across six anthropometries. A regression model for predicting trunk angle was created (adjusted R2=0.91, p<.001). Predicted trunk angles compared against measured 3D motion capture for five participants (N=180 lifts) had a mean error of 15.85° (SE=0.63°, R2 = 0.80). This algorithm should be useful for calculating trunk kinematic properties that are associated with increased risks of low-back disorders including trunk speed and acceleration using successive video frames of predicted trunk flexion angles.

Single-camera visual odometry to track a surgical X-ray C-arm base

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hooman Esfandiari ◽  
Derek Lichti ◽  
Carolyn Anglin
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Visual Odometry ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
System A ◽  
Homography Estimation ◽  
Joint Tracking ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Better Than

This study provides a framework for a single-camera odometry system for localizing a surgical C-arm base. An application-specific monocular visual odometry system (a downward-looking consumer-grade camera rigidly attached to the C-arm base) is proposed in this research. The cumulative dead-reckoning estimation of the base is extracted based on frame-to-frame homography estimation. Optical-flow results are utilized to feed the odometry. Online positional and orientation parameters are then reported. Positional accuracy of better than 2% (of the total traveled distance) for most of the cases and 4% for all the cases studied and angular accuracy of better than 2% (of absolute cumulative changes in orientation) were achieved with this method. This study provides a robust and accurate tracking framework that not only can be integrated with the current C-arm joint-tracking system (i.e. TC-arm) but also is capable of being employed for similar applications in other fields (e.g. robotics).

Multi-Purpose Model of SOFC Hybrid Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ghigliazza ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Mario L. Ferrari ◽  
John Wingate
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Control System Design ◽  
New Approach ◽  
System A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Application Specific

The Multi-Purpose Model represents a new methodology for developing model based tools for control system design and verification. The Multi-Purpose Model, as described in this paper, simulates a SOFC hybrid system — a challenging and innovative application of dynamic modelling and control. Real-time modelling is a recognised approach to monitor advanced systems and to improve control capabilities. Applications of Real-Time (RT) models are commonly used in the automotive and aerospace fields. Starting from existing TRANSEO components and models, a new approach to fit hybrid system application has been developed. Original C-based models have been translated into embedded Matlab functions for direct use within Matlab-Simulink. The resulting models have then been used to autogenerate c-code with the Real-Time Workshop. The C-code has then been compiled to produce application specific executables.

scholarly journals Application-Specific Evaluation of a Weed-Detection Algorithm for Plant-Specific Spraying

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7262
Author(s):  
Thijs Ruigrok ◽  
Eldert van Henten ◽  
Johan Booij ◽  
Koen van Boheemen ◽  
Gert Kootstra
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Image Evaluation ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Weed Detection ◽  
Image Metrics ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Application Specific

Robotic plant-specific spraying can reduce herbicide usage in agriculture while minimizing labor costs and maximizing yield. Weed detection is a crucial step in automated weeding. Currently, weed detection algorithms are always evaluated at the image level, using conventional image metrics. However, these metrics do not consider the full pipeline connecting image acquisition to the site-specific operation of the spraying nozzles, which is vital for an accurate evaluation of the system. Therefore, we propose a novel application-specific image-evaluation method, which analyses the weed detections on the plant level and in the light of the spraying decision made by the robot. In this paper, a spraying robot is evaluated on three levels: (1) On image-level, using conventional image metrics, (2) on application-level, using our novel application-specific image-evaluation method, and (3) on field level, in which the weed-detection algorithm is implemented on an autonomous spraying robot and tested in the field. On image level, our detection system achieved a recall of 57% and a precision of 84%, which is a lower performance than detection systems reported in literature. However, integrated on an autonomous volunteer-potato sprayer-system we outperformed the state-of-the-art, effectively controlling 96% of the weeds while terminating only 3% of the crops. Using the application-level evaluation, an accurate indication of the field performance of the weed-detection algorithm prior to the field test was given and the type of errors produced by the spraying system was correctly predicted.

Telemetric multi-sensor system for medical applications – The approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Weidenmüller ◽  
Christian Walk ◽  
Özgü Dogan ◽  
Pierre Gembaczka ◽  
Alexander Stanitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
System A ◽  
Hermetic Sealing ◽  
First Results ◽  
Application Specific Integrated Circuit ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Term Monitoring

AbstractLong-term monitoring of hemodynamics can be achieved by an implantable and telemetric multi-sensor system. A concept to realize a system with high miniaturization level is presented. The requirements regarding a multifunctional transponder ASIC (application specific integrated circuit), which should combine signal processing, telemetric communication and additional sensors in one chip, are introduced. Capacitive pressure sensors showing low power consumption were tested with laboratory setups with respect to the integration in this concept. First results were achieved and discussed concerning two potential assembly technologies for the integration of a pressure sensor. Finally, hermetic sealing and implant encapsulation technologies are proposed for further implant miniaturization.

Choosing the Optimized OS for an MPSoC Embedded System

2011 ◽  
pp. 434-443
Author(s):  
Abderrazak Jemai
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Operating Systems ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Multiprocessor System ◽  
System A ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Application Specific ◽  
Main Operating

This chapter provides a comparative study between recent operating systems, designed for embedded systems. Our study focuses, in particular, on systems designed for Multiprocessors implementations called MPSoC. An OS can be seen as abstract layer or an interface between the embedded application and the underlying hardware. In this chapter, we give a comparative study of main operating systems used in embedded systems. The originality of this chapter is that we specially focus on the OS ability to be optimized to support and manage a multiprocessor architecture. A multiprocessor system-on-chip is software driven and mastering the development complexity of the software part of MPSoC, is the key to reduce developing time factor. This opportunity could be reached through the use of a document giving a detailed description and analysis for criteria related to MPSoC. The wide diversity of existing operating systems, the huge complexity to develop an application specific or a general purpose, and the aggressive evolution of embedded systems makes the development of such a system a so difficult task. These considerations lead to the realization that a work that provides guidance for the MPSoC designers will be very beneficial for these communities.

scholarly journals Interactive Virtual Reality Touring System: A Case Study of Shulin Ji’an Temple in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Jung-Hua Lo ◽  
Shih-Da Wu ◽  
Min-Jie You
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
System A ◽  
Camera View ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Guiding System ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Tour Guiding ◽  
Clear Information

Most current tour guiding methods for Taiwanese temples employ graphic webpage frameworks combined with captioned pictures for introduction. This type of tour guiding lacks interactive presence. In addition, the audience may not be able to focus on browsing webpages or learn essential information from the introduction. This study adopted the Delphi method to evaluate the current developed system. This system was aimed at designing VR-based interaction that differs from conventional tour guiding methods to aid users in viewing the display space from their viewpoints. Users cannot only control camera view angles but also select the paths and guiding information as if they were walking in the temple. The analysis results revealed that, in general, the users perceived VR tour guiding as convenient and easy to use. The display and content of the tour guiding system presented clear information to the users, aiding them in gaining further understanding of the introduced item. Finally, the study results can serve as a reference for design research on VR applications in tour guiding.

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