scholarly journals Analysis of Vehicle Collision on an Assembled Anti-Collision Guardrail

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5152
Author(s):  
Juncheng Yao ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yujie Hou ◽  
Liang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
New Type ◽  
Main Girder ◽  
Protective Performance

Traffic accidents such as vehicle collisions with bridge guardrails occur frequently. These accidents cause damage to the driver and the vehicle as well as the bridge. A new type of assembled anti-collision guardrail is proposed in this study. LS-DYNA is a nonlinear display dynamic analysis software used to evaluate the safety of a new type of assembled anti-collision guardrail. A specific, numerically analyzed model of vehicle–guardrail collision is established using LS-DYNA. The energy distribution–time curve of the vehicle collision process is obtained. After comparison with measured data from the vehicle collision test, the model of vehicle–guardrail collision is verified as being correct. Based on this, we analyze the process of a vehicle collision on the assembled anti-collision guardrail. The result shows that the assembled anti-collision guardrail proposed in this paper can better change the trajectory of a moving vehicle and can prevent the vehicle from falling off the bridge. From the car body collision results, the assembled anti-collision guardrail for bridges proposed in this paper can reduce vehicle damage and can protect the driver effectively. From the analysis of the main girder stress on the bridge, an anti-collision guardrail installed on an existing bridge will not cause damage to the main girder during a collision. In order to study the influence of the four parameters on the anti-collision effect, we carried out a comparative calculation of multiple working conditions. The results show that the new type of assembled anti-collision guardrail has good protective performance under different working conditions.

Case Exercise: Biomechanics in Rearend Motor Vehicle Collisions

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Charles N. Brooks ◽  
Christopher R. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Bodily Injury ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Physical Findings

Abstract Multiple factors determine the likelihood, type, and severity of bodily injury following a motor vehicle collision and, in turn, influence the need for treatment, extent of disability, and likelihood of permanent impairment. Among the most important factors is the change in velocity due to an impact (Δv). Other factors include the individual's strength and elasticity, body position at the time of impact, awareness of the impending impact (ie, opportunity to brace, guard, or contract muscles before an impact), and effects of braking. Because Δv is the area under the acceleration vs time curve, it combines force and duration and is a useful way to quantify impact severity. The article includes a table showing the results of a literature review that concluded, “the consensus of human subject research conducted to date is that a single exposure to a rear-end impact with a Δv of 5 mph or less is unlikely to result in injury” in most healthy, restrained occupants. Because velocity incorporates direction as well as speed, a vehicular occupant is less likely to be injured in a rear impact than when struck from the side. Evaluators must consider multiple factors, including the occupant's pre-existing physical and psychosocial status, the mechanism and magnitude of the collision, and a variety of biomechanical variables. Recommendations based solely on patient history and physical findings (and, perhaps, imaging studies) may be ill-informed.

Research of Mechanics Based on Accident Collision

2014 ◽  
Vol 1021 ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Vehicle Accident

With the rapid development of the economy, the automotive industry and road transport have also been rapidly developed. Road traffic accidents occur frequently, which not only brings a lot of inconvenience to road traffic management but also threatens people's lives and property. In many road accidents, vehicle collisions are the most serious and dangerous also the largest. So having a comprehensive, systematic study of the car's collision is becoming the world's most pressing subject. The whole process of the collision of moving vehicle is inseparable from the role of the force. So in order to better analyze vehicle collisions and reproduce this process, a lot of mechanical knowledge should be required. This paper studies the vehicle accident reconstruction mechanical problems, laying the foundation of further research.

scholarly journals Forensic medical evaluation of dental-jaw injuries in cases of traffic accidents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
P.V. Plevinskis ◽  
V.D. Mishalov ◽  
S.V. Kozlov ◽  
N.M. Kozan ◽  
O.V. Dunayev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Dental Apparatus

Information about the differential diagnosis of human bodily injuries, which were formed when the body, wheel and bottom of a modern car came into contact with the body of a pedestrian; a person on the road surface, in the cabin of a modern car (driver and passengers), when a cyclist comes into contact with a car, in cases of combined types of car injury, is not enough. The purpose of the study is to increase the objectivity of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of accidents: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. The archival materials of 130 forensic medical examinations of the municipal institution “Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination” concerning victims of living persons and corpses as a result of traffic accidents that were accompanied by their injuries in the period 2015-2020 were used. The following research methods were used: anthropometric, morphometric, photographic, radiological, statistical. The article presents our own experience of improving the objectivity and provability of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental system in cases of the most common types of vehicle: collision of moving vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of the specified damages. It is proved that according to the degree of gravity of physical injuries (health disorder or disability), damage to the dental apparatus in traffic accidents should be investigated only in cases of isolated injuries. In this case, fractures of the jaws, regardless of their nature, should be assessed as moderate injuries according to the criterion of long-term health disorders; Crown fractures, traumatic tooth dislocations, and soft tissue fatal wounds should be considered simple injuries that have caused short-term health disorders. Abrasions, bruises should be attributed to simple injuries. Thus, it is impractical to separately determine the severity of the injury of the dental system in cases run over the head with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle - in these cases, we always deal with gross, massive destruction of the bones of the skull.

scholarly journals Impact of Road Fencing on Ungulate–Vehicle Collisions and Hotspot Patterns

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Andrius Kučas ◽  
Linas Balčiauskas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
The Relationship

The number of road traffic accidents decreased in Lithuania from 2002 to 2017, while the ungulate–vehicle collision (UVC) number increased and accounted for approximately 69% of all wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVC) in the country. Understanding the relationship between UVCs, traffic intensity, and implemented mitigation measures is important for the assessment of UVC mitigation measure efficiency. We assessed the effect of annual average daily traffic (AADT) and wildlife fencing on UVCs using regression analysis of changes in annual UVCs and UVC hotspots on different categories of roads. At the highest rates, annual UVC numbers and UVC hotspots increased on lower category (national and regional) roads, forming a denser network. Lower rates of UVC increase occurred on higher category (main) roads, forming sparser road networks and characterized by the highest AADT. Before 2011, both UVC occurrence and fenced road sections were most common on higher-category roads. However, as of 2011, the majority of UVCs occurred on lower-category roads where AADT and fencing had no impact on UVCs. We conclude that wildlife fencing on roads characterized by higher speed and traffic intensity may decrease UVC numbers and at the same time shifting UVC occurrence towards roads characterized by lower speed and traffic intensity. Wildlife fencing re-allocates wildlife movement pathways toward roads with insufficient or no mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Impact of Road Fencing on Ungulate-Vehicle Collisions and Hotspot Patterns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Kučas ◽  
Linas Balčiauskas
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic

Abstract Background:The number of road traffic accidents was decreasing in Lithuania in 2002–2017, while ungulate-vehicle collision (UVC) number was increasing and accounted for about 69% of all wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) in the country. Identification of impact of locomotor wildlife behavior and locations where accidents occurs most frequently is important for the effective application of mitigation measures.Methods:We assessed the effect of annual average daily traffic (AADT) and wildlife fencing on UVC using regression analysis of changes in annual UVC and UVC hotspots (KDE+ method based clusters) for different categories of roads.Results:At the greatest rates annual UVC numbers and UVC hotspots increased on lower category (national and regional) roads forming denser network. Lower rates of UVC increase occurred on higher category (main) roads, forming sparser road network and characterised by highest AADT. Before 2011, both UVC occurrence and fenced road sections were most common on higher category roads. However, as of 2011, the majority of UVC occurred on lower category roads where AADT and fencing had no impact on UVC.Conclusions:We conclude that wildlife fencing on roads characterised by higher speed and traffic intensity may decrease UVC numbers, in the same time shifting UVC occurrence towards roads characterised by lower speed and traffic intensity. Wildlife fencing re-allocates wildlife movement pathways towards roads with insufficient or no mitigation measures.

Decreased Incidence of Rib Fractures in Pregnant Patients After Motor Vehicle Collisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-390
Author(s):  
Marissa Di Napoli ◽  
William B. DeVoe ◽  
Stuart Leon ◽  
Bruce Crookes ◽  
Alicia Privette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Wall ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Chest Wall Injury ◽  
Wall Injury

Background Rib fractures are common after motor vehicle collisions. The hormonal changes associated with pregnancy decrease the stiffness and increase the laxity of cartilage and tendons. The effect of these changes on injury mechanics is not completely understood. Objectives To compare the incidences of chest wall injury following blunt thoracic trauma between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of female patients seen at a level I trauma center from 2009 to 2017 after a motor vehicle collision. Patient characteristics were compared to determine if pregnancy affected the incidence of chest wall injury. Statistics were calculated with SPSS version 24 and are presented as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range). Results In total, 1618 patients were identified. The incidence of rib/sternal fracture was significantly lower in pregnant patients (7.9% vs 15.2%, P = .047), but the incidence of intrathoracic injury was similar between the groups. Pregnant and nonpregnant patients with rib/sternal fractures had similar Injury Severity Score results (21 [13-27] vs 17 [11-22], P = .36), but pregnant patients without fractures had significantly lower scores (1 [0-5] vs 4 [1-9], P < .001). Conclusions Pregnant patients have a lower rate of rib fracture after a motor vehicle collision than nonpregnant patients. The difference in injury mechanics may be due to hormonal changes that increase elasticity and resistance to bony injury of the ribs. In pregnant trauma patients, intrathoracic injury without rib fracture should raise concerns about injury severity. A multicenter evaluation of these findings is needed.

A study on Private Car Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Alamri ◽  
Tarek M. Esmael ◽  
Sami Fawzy ◽  
Hany Hosny ◽  
Saleh Attawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
On The Road

In this study, road traffic injury (RTI) was defined as any injury resulting from a road traffic accident irrespective of severity and outcome. Road traffic accident (RTA) was defined as any crash on the road involving at least one moving vehicle, irrespective of it resulting in an injury. This could include collision with a vehicle or any non`moving object while driving/riding a vehicle, collision with a moving vehicle while walking/running/standing/ sitting on the road, or fall from a moving vehicle. The burden of road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of all trauma admissions in hospitals worldwide. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole. These losses arise from the cost of treatment (including rehabilitation and incident investigation) as well as reduced/lost productivity (e.g. in wages) for those killed or disabled by their injuries and for family members who need to take time off work (or school) to care for the injured. Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the highest, accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities. Road injuries also are reported to be the most serious in this country, with an accident to injury ratio of 8:6. In this study, we try to focus on some causes of the accidents in KSA, so we can implement the prevention plan.

scholarly journals State-of-the-art review: preventing child and youth pedestrian motor vehicle collisions: critical issues and future directions

2020 ◽  
pp. injuryprev-2020-043829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Soleil Cloutier ◽  
Emilie Beaulieu ◽  
Liraz Fridman ◽  
Alison K Macpherson ◽  
Brent E Hagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
English Language ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Critical Issues

AimTo undertake a comprehensive review of the best available evidence related to risk factors for child pedestrian motor vehicle collision (PMVC), as well as identification of established and emerging prevention strategies.MethodsArticles on risk factors were identified through a search of English language publications listed in Medline, Embase, Transport, SafetyLit, Web of Science, CINHAL, Scopus and PsycINFO within the last 30 years (~1989 onwards).ResultsThis state-of-the-art review uses the road safety Safe System approach as a new lens to examine three risk factor domains affecting child pedestrian safety (built environment, drivers and vehicles) and four cross-cutting critical issues (reliable collision and exposure data, evaluation of interventions, evidence-based policy and intersectoral collaboration).ConclusionsResearch conducted over the past 30 years has reported extensively on child PMVC risk factors. The challenge facing us now is how to move these findings into action and intervene to reduce the child PMVC injury and fatality rates worldwide.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Reported Animal-Vehicle Collisions Data and Carcass Removal Data for Hotspot Identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Yang ◽  
Yajie Zou ◽  
Lingtao Wu ◽  
Xinzhi Zhong ◽  
Yinhai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Empirical Bayesian ◽  
Transportation Management ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Vehicle Collision ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Better Than

Two common types of animal-vehicle collision data (reported animal-vehicle collision (AVC) data and carcass removal data) are usually recorded by transportation management agencies. Previous studies have found that these two datasets often demonstrate different characteristics. To accurately identify the higher-risk animal-vehicle collision sites, this study compared the differences in hotspot identification and the effect of explanation variables between carcass removal and reported AVCs. To complete the objective, both the Negative Binomial (NB) model and the generalized Negative Binomial (GNB) are applied in calculating the Empirical Bayesian (EB) estimates using the animal collision data collected on ten highways in Washington State. The important findings can be summarized as follows. (1) The explanatory variables have different effects on the occurrence of carcass removal data and reported AVC data. (2) The ranking results from EB estimates when using carcass removal data and reported AVC data differ significantly. (3) The results of hotspot identification are different between carcass removal data and reported AVC data. However, the ranking results of GNB models are better than those of NB models in terms of consistency. Thus, transportation management agencies should be cautious when using either carcass removal data or reported AVC data to identify hotspots.

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