scholarly journals Non-Invasive Detection and Staging of Colorectal Cancer Using a Portable Electronic Nose

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5440
Author(s):  
Heena Tyagi ◽  
Emma Daulton ◽  
Ayman S. Bannaga ◽  
Ramesh P. Arasaradnam ◽  
James A. Covington
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Tof Ms

Electronic noses (e-nose) offer potential for the detection of cancer in its early stages. The ability to analyse samples in real time, at a low cost, applying easy–to-use and portable equipment, gives e-noses advantages over other technologies, such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). For diseases such as cancer with a high mortality, a technology that can provide fast results for use in routine clinical applications is important. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the highest occurring cancers and has high mortality rates, if diagnosed late. In our study, we investigated the use of portable electronic nose (PEN3), with further analysis using GC-TOF-MS, for the analysis of gases and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to profile the urinary metabolome of colorectal cancer. We also compared the different cancer stages with non-cancers using the PEN3 and GC-TOF-MS. Results obtained from PEN3, and GC-TOF-MS demonstrated high accuracy for the separation of CRC and non-cancer. PEN3 separated CRC from non-cancerous group with 0.81 AUC (Area Under the Curve). We used data from GC-TOF-MS to obtain a VOC profile for CRC, which identified 23 potential biomarker VOCs for CRC. Thus, the PEN3 and GC-TOF-MS were found to successfully separate the cancer group from the non-cancer group.

scholarly journals Application of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Differentiation between Pathogenic Oomycetes Pythium intermedium and Phytophthora plurivora

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Piotr Borowik ◽  
Leszek Adamowicz ◽  
Rafał Tarakowski ◽  
Przemysław Wacławik ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Electronic Noses

Compared with traditional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques, electronic noses are non-invasive and can be a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents comparative studies of differentiation between odors emitted by two forest pathogens: Pythium and Phytophthora, measured by a low-cost electronic nose. The electronic nose applies six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide sensors. Various features describing shapes of the measurement curves of sensors’ response to the odors’ exposure were extracted and used for building the classification models. As a machine learning algorithm for classification, we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method and various measures to assess classification models’ performance. Differentiation between Phytophthora and Pythium species has an important practical aspect allowing forest practitioners to take appropriate plant protection. We demonstrate the possibility to recognize and differentiate between the two mentioned species with acceptable accuracy by our low-cost electronic nose.

scholarly journals Prognostic and diagnostic value of circRNA expression in colorectal carcinoma: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Yuan ◽  
Dongming Guo ◽  
Xinxin Li ◽  
Juntian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Abstract Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are new stars in the network of noncoding RNAs and are regarded as key control factors in numerous tumours. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical, prognostic and diagnostic role of circRNAs in colorectal cancer. The quality of all the articles were assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Methods: An online search in electronic databases, including the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science online databases, was conducted to identify as many relevant papers as possible. Nineteen relevant studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, with seven on diagnosis, eight on prognosis and 11 on clinicopathological features. Results: For the diagnostic value of circRNAs, the pooled results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.82 for identifying patients with colorectal cancer, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 72%. In terms of prognosis, carcinogenic circRNAs have a negative effect on overall survival (OS: HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.50-3.52), and increases in tumour suppressor circRNA expression are associated with longer survival (OS: HR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.22-0.64). And the elevated expression of oncogenic circRNAs is associated with poor clinical features while tumor suppressor circRNAs are the complete opposite. Conclusions: These results suggest that circRNAs may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Serum and tissue miRNAs: potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of cervical cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Farzanehpour ◽  
Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani ◽  
Somayeh Jalilvand ◽  
Ebrahim Faghihloo ◽  
Setareh Akhavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Background Finding new biomarkers for the early detection of cervical cancer is an essential requirement in this field. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression level of potential biomarkers in progression of cervical cancer in patients with cervical cancer compared to normal subjects. Methods The expression levels of tissue and serum miRNAs, including miR-9, miR-192 and miR-205, were investigated in 36 normal, 18 precancer, and 18 cervical cancer samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The results showed the higher significant expressions of miR-9, miR-192 and miR-205 in the tissue of cancer samples than those in the normal samples. Moreover, the miR-192 and miR-205 expression were significantly increased in the cancer group in comparison with the precancer group. Examination of serum samples revealed the increase in the expression level in the cancer groups than in the normal samples, for miR-9, miR-192 and miR-205 and the expressions of miR-9, miR-192 and miR-205 were significantly up-regulated in the precancer group in comparison with the normal group. Also the expression of miR-205 was remarkably increased in the cancer group in comparison with the precancer group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed the highest area under the curve value for miR-192. Conclusions Given the increased expression level of miR-192 in cancer and in precancerous tissue and serum compared with the normal tissue and serum validated by analysing the ROC curve, miR-192 can be used as potential biomarker for the early detection of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Detection of Pathogenic Fungi and Applying It to Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5868
Author(s):  
Piotr Borowik ◽  
Leszek Adamowicz ◽  
Rafał Tarakowski ◽  
Przemysław Wacławik ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Metal Oxide Gas Sensors

Electronic noses can be applied as a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents the results of measurements of samples of two pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, performed using two constructions of a low-cost electronic nose. The first electronic nose used six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide gas sensors. The second one used ten sensors from only two models (TGS 2602 and TGS 2603) operating at different heater voltages. Sets of features describing the shapes of the measurement curves of the sensors’ responses when exposed to the odours were extracted. Machine learning classification models using the logistic regression method were created. We demonstrated the possibility of applying the low-cost electronic nose data to differentiate between the two studied species of fungi with acceptable accuracy. Improved classification performance could be obtained, mainly for measurements using TGS 2603 sensors operating at different voltage conditions.

scholarly journals Circulating lncRNA DANCR as a potential auxillary biomarker for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjuan Shen ◽  
Yajing Xue ◽  
Hui Cong ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Colorectal Polyp ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the development of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Our purpose is to validate the diagnostic value of serum differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR) in CRC by focusing on its expression and clinical application. lncRNA expression profiles of CRC patients were obtained and analyzed by repurposing the publically available microarray data. Tissue or serum specimens were obtained from 40 patients with primary CRC, 10 patients with recurrent CRC, 40 patients with colorectal polyps, and 40 healthy controls. It was found that DANCR level in the CRC tissue and serum was significantly increased, and serum DANCR expression was decreased in post-operative patients as compared with that in pre-treatment patients and recurrent patients. In addition, serum DANCR expression was significantly correlated with different TNM stages. Correlation analysis of DANCR and other diagnostic indicators showed that the serum DANCR expression level was significantly correlated with CA199 but not with CEA in CRC patients. As for diagnostic efficiency by ROC analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of serum DANCR was higher than that of CEA and CA199 in CRC group vs. colorectal polyp group. Simultaneous detection of DANCR, CEA and CA199 yielded the highest sensitivity and AUC as compared with either of them alone. Taken together, serum DANCR was up-regulated in CRC patients and high expression of DANCR may prove to be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Methylated CLIP4 in Stool for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Training Study in Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Cao ◽  
Guodong Zhao ◽  
Yaping Cao ◽  
Zhiliang Chen ◽  
Xiaoyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundEarly detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous lesion is vitally important for mitigating CRC morbidity and mortality. Aberrant DNA methylations in certain promoter regions have been identified to be closely associated with CRC development and progression, suggesting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for early detection. In this study, we evaluated the performance of methylated CLIP4 in stool specimens as a potential biomarker for CRC detection.MethodsA total of 321 subjects out of 365 enrolled participants were included in the final analysis, including 154 CRC patients, 23 advanced adenoma (AA) patients, 49 small polyp (SP) patients, and 95 healthy controls. CLIP4 methylation level was examined by qPCR with bisulfite converted DNA purified from approximately 5 g stool specimen.ResultsMethylated CLIP4 test showed high sensitivities of 78.3% (95% CI: 55.8%–91.7%) and 90.3% (95% CI: 84.2%–94.3%) for detecting AA and CRC, respectively, with a specificity of 88.4% (95% CI: 79.8%–93.8%). CLIP4 methylation level discriminated AA and CRC patients from control subjects with area under the curve values of 0.892 (95% CI: 0.795–0.988) and 0.961 (95% CI: 0.938–0.983). Further analysis indicated no significant difference in sensitivities among different ages, genders, stages, locations, sides, tumor sizes and differentiation statuses.ConclusionsMethylated CLIP4 showed a strong potential as a noninvasive biomarker for early CRC detection.

scholarly journals Serum Chemokine CXCL7 as a Potential Novel Biomarker for Obstructive Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longhai Li ◽  
Lihua Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Qi ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Obstructive Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Due to the lack of typical symptoms and signs and sensitive indicators for early diagnosis of obstructive colorectal cancer (OCRC), it is critically needed to find new novel biomarkers to ameliorate the management of OCRC patients. In this study, 472 blood samples were collected and measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to investigate the value of serum chemokine ligand 7 (CXCL7) in diagnosis and prognosis for OCRC patients. The median concentrations of CXCL7 in non-OCRC and OCRC were both higher than that in controls (both P < 0.05). Importantly, the median serum concentration of CXCL7 in OCRC was also higher than that in non-OCRC (P < 0.001). In all OCRC patients, the area under the curve (AUC) of CXCL7 was 0.918 with a sensitivity of 86.54% and a specificity of 81.87%. Similarly, the AUC of CXCL7 was 0.684 when the diagnostic test was performed between OCRC and CRC patients. CXCL7 had a higher AUC than other markers. The concentration of CXCL7 in 40 postoperative OCRC patients was higher than normal people and lower than preoperative patients. The median survival time was 62.00 months and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the patients was 51.80% in all 155 OCRC patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that high CXCL7 in serum was independent factors associated with poor OS of OCRC patients (HR = 2.216, P = 0.032). These results demonstrate that serum CXCL7 may be a potential biomarker both in diagnosis and prognosis for OCRC patients.

Prognostic role of aberrant mTOR activation in patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137
Author(s):  
Tong-Tong Zhang ◽  
Yi-Qing Zhu ◽  
Hong-Qing Cai ◽  
Jun-Wen Zheng ◽  
Jia-Jie Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Poor Prognostic Factor ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Risk Predictor

Aim: This study aimed to develop an effective risk predictor for patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials & methods: The prognostic value of p-mTOR (Ser2448) levels was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. Results: The levels of p-mTOR were increased in CRC specimens and significantly correlated with poor prognosis in patients with stage II and III CRC. Notably, the p-mTOR level was an independent poor prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival in stage II CRC. Conclusion: Aberrant mTOR activation was significantly associated with the risk of recurrence or death in patients with stage II and III CRC, thus this activated proteins that may serve as a potential biomarker for high-risk CRC.

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