scholarly journals Impact of Various Clothing Variations on Firefighter Mobility: A Pilot Study

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Robin Orr ◽  
Vini Simas ◽  
Elisa Canetti ◽  
Daniel Maupin ◽  
Ben Schram
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Restrict Movement ◽  
Subjective Discomfort

Firefighter clothing is known to restrict movement and increase the risk of musculoskeletal injury. The aim of this study was to investigate differences between clothing variations and firefighter mobility. Data were collected from eight firefighters using a randomized counterbalanced, repeated measures, design. Three different clothing variants (V1–V3) in addition to current station wear (S) were trialed. Combinations of S and V1 (SV1) and V2 (SV2) were also trialed. Outcome measures included: standing reach height; the Functional Movement Screen [FMS]; vertical jump; a visual analogue scale [VAS] for the FMS, vertical jump, step ups and crawl; and a mannequin sketch to mark areas of discomfort. V3 was preferred over S in all tasks and performed better both objectively (FMS and vertical jump) and subjectively (VAS scores). While V1 was typically associated with poorer performance, the impacts of V1 and V2 when compared to each other and S varied depending on the tasks performed. This variation was greater when V1 or V2 were worn with S (SV1 and SV2). Areas of discomfort across all variations was the knees, followed by the thighs. Clothing that has the least impact on, or improves, mobility (especially around the lower limbs) may help reduce firefighter injury and limit subjective discomfort.

scholarly journals The Effect of Clinical Pilates on Functional Movement in Recreational Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 776-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Laws ◽  
Sean Williams ◽  
Cassie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Movement Ability ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractBiomechanical imbalances and inefficient functional movements are considered contributing factors to running-related injuries. Clinical Pilates uses a series of exercises focused on retraining normal movement patterns. This study investigated whether a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates improves functional movement and thereby, potentially, reduces the risk of running-related injuries associated with movement dysfunction. A modified functional movement screen was used to analyze the functional movement ability of forty runners. Forty participants completed a 6-week course of Clinical Pilates delivered by a Clinical Pilates instructor. The movement screen was carried out 3 times for each runner: 6 weeks pre-intervention (baseline), within one week pre-intervention (pre) and within one week post-intervention (post). Repeated-measures analysis of variance and post-hoc tests found significant increases in scores between baseline and post (mean±SD; 13.4±2.4 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01) and pre and post (mean±SD; 13.5±2.5 vs. 17.0±1.7, p<0.01), but no significant difference between baseline and pre (p=0.3). A 6-week course of Clinical Pilates significantly improves functional movement in recreational runners, and this may lead to a reduction in the risk of running-related injuries.

Evaluation of Microsoft's Comfort Curve Keyboard

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 1359-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh McLoone ◽  
Chau Hegg ◽  
Peter W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Ulnar Deviation ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Subjective Discomfort ◽  
Speed And Accuracy ◽  
Postural Performance

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were any postural, performance or perceived comfort differences between a conventional straight keyboard and a new ergonomic concept keyboard developed by Microsoft called the Comfort Curve. The concept keyboard was designed to promote more neutral postures in the wrist using a built-in, padded wrist rest to reduce wrist extension and curved keys in alphanumeric section of the keyboard to reduce ulnar deviation. Using a repeated measures design, 26 typists from various occupations randomly used each keyboard for a period of 15 minutes. Wrist postures were measured using electrogoniometers, typing speed and accuracy was measured using typing performance software and discomfort was subjectively measured in the hands, forearms and shoulders and neck. Compared to the conventional straight keyboard, the Comfort Curve keyboard reduced ulnar deviation by 2.2 ° (p < 0.01) and wrist extension by 6.5 ° (p <0.01). There was a small differences in typing speed (50.6 vs 51.8 WPM; p = 0.03) but no differences in accuracy (93.1% vs. 93.5%, p = 0.29) between the Comfort Curve and standard keyboards respectively. Subjective discomfort ratings in all measured body locations were lower with the Comfort Curve keyboard. The results indicate that the concept keyboard achieved its design goal of reducing wrist extension, ulnar deviation and discomfort while not compromising typing speed and accuracy.

scholarly journals An Attempt to Utilize the Body Composition Analyzer and the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) Test to Determine Injury Risk in Soldiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (7-8) ◽  
pp. e1128-e1133
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bertrandt ◽  
Ewa Szarska ◽  
Roman Łakomy ◽  
Tomasz Lepionka ◽  
Anna Anyżewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Medical Surveillance ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Composition Analyzer

Abstract Introduction Injuries are the most significant health problem of military services. Military medical surveillance data are useful for determining the magnitude and causes of the injury problem, identifying possible prevention targets and monitoring trends among military personnel. Soldiers serving in the Polish Armed Forces took part in the research. The aim of the study was to identify the most common injuries of the musculoskeletal system and to analyze causes of injuries. An additional goal was to examine whether there is a relationship between selected values of body composition indexes, the result of the functional movement screen (FMS) test and occurrence of an injury. Material and Methods The Polish Armed Forces soldiers serving in the land forces, military police, air forces took part in the research. The first stage was to complete the questionnaire regarding injuries in the last 5 years, their reasons, and the circumstances of their occurrence. After completing the survey, subjects were measured and weighed on the body composition analyzer. The next step was to perform a FMS to evaluate the locomotor system. Results In the groups of examined Polish soldiers, the most frequent injuries concerned lower limbs and, above all, a knee joint. The leading causes of injuries were activities resulting from the service as well as playing football and volleyball. Conclusions Parameters from the body composition analyzer such as body mass index, muscle mass distribution on lower limbs as well as evaluation in the FMS test may be helpful for the initial assessment of predisposition to injury.

Effect of Prophylactic Ankle-Brace Use During a High School Competitive Basketball Season on Dynamic Postural Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Crockett ◽  
Michelle A. Sandrey
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Ankle Brace ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Over Time

Context:Few studies have evaluated the long-term effects of prophylactic ankle-brace use during a sport season.Objective:To determine the effects of prophylactic ankle-brace use during a high school basketball season on dynamic postural control and functional tests.Design:Prospective repeated-measures design.Setting:High school athletic facility.Participants:21 healthy high school basketball athletes (13 girls, 8 boys).Interventions:The order of testing was randomized using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) for posteromedial (PM), medial (M), and anteromedial (AM) directions and 3 functional tests (FT) consisting of the single-leg crossover hop, single-leg vertical jump, and the single-leg 6-m hop for time at pre-, mid-, and postseason. After pretesting, the ankle brace was worn on both limbs during the entire 16-wk competitive basketball season.Main Outcome Measures:SEBT for PM, M, and AM and 3 single-leg FTs.Results:Dynamic postural control using the SEBT and the 3 FTs improved over time, notably from pretest to posttest. The left limb was different from the right limb during the single-leg vertical jump. Effect sizes were large for pretest to posttest for the 3 SEBT directions and 2 of the 3 FTs.Conclusions:The 16-wk basketball prophylactic ankle-brace intervention significantly improved dynamic postural control and single-limb FTs over time.

scholarly journals Sport-Specific Functional Tests and Related Sport Injury Risk and Occurrences in Junior Basketball and Soccer Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wen-Dien Chang ◽  
Chi-Cheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sport Injury ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
T Test ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Injury Occurrence ◽  
One Year

Objectives. Sport-specific functional tests were used to assess the power, speed, and agility of the lower extremity for a specific sport, but comparison of the differences and association with sport injury was rare. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in sport-specific functional tests between junior basketball and soccer athletes and analyze the sport injury risk and occurrences. Methods. All participants were evaluated using the sprint test, vertical jump (VJ) test, agility T test, and functional movement screen (FMS). There were significant intergroup differences in the sprint test, VJ test, agility T test, and FMS. Specific functional tests were compared against FMS score, either FMS ≤ 14 or FMS > 14 . The FMS subtests, namely, in-line lunge, trunk stability push-up (TSPU), and quadruped rotary stability, were also performed. In one-year follow-up, the sport injury incidence was also recorded. Results. Significant differences in sprint, agility, and FMS performance were found between the junior basketball and soccer athletes. Individual FMS scores of the in-line lunge, TSPU, and quadruped rotary stability were evaluated. No significant differences in sprint, VJ, and agility scores were found between FMS ≤ 14 and FMS > 14 . FMS total score ≤ 14 was significantly associated with high sport injury occurrence. Conclusions. The scores of sprint, agility, and FMS performance were differed between basketball and soccer athletes. The scores of sprint, VJ, and agility tests did not have differences with sport injury risks and occurrences, but the FMS score was associated with sport injury occurrence.

Functional Movement Screen Composite Scores in Firefighters: Effects of Corrective Exercise Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Jafari ◽  
Vahid Zolaktaf ◽  
Gholamali Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Movement Screen ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Training Protocol

Purpose: Firefighters require a high level of functional fitness to operate safely, effectively, and efficiently. The authors studied the distribution of functional movement screen (FMS) scores in firefighters and examined whether an 8-week corrective exercise program based on National Academy of Sport Medicine guidelines could improve them. Methods: All 524 active firefighters of a city completed the baseline FMS testing. Those who obtained a score of 14 or less, a sign of movement dysfunction, and volunteered to continue their participation were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n = 51) or a control (n = 45) group. Both groups participated in an 8-week training program. The control group used their own usual training routine, but the experimental group used the specific protocol designed for the study. Results: The FMS scores of 43% of the population were less than 14. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between FMS scores of the groups (F1,94 =165, P < .001). The experimental group showed a 69% improvement from pretest (10.6) to posttest (17.8), whereas the control group showed only a 3% improvement from pretest (11.8) to posttest (12.1). Conclusions: Preceding studies have shown that FMS scores less than 14 increase the injury risk. The findings showed that using our proposed training protocol, low FMS scores could be improved to 14 and higher. Considering the high injury rate of firefighters, the authors suggest administering FMS periodically and to use a training protocol such as ours, to increase functional fitness and reduce injury risk.

scholarly journals Kinematic and electromyographic studies on unaided, unilateral and bilateral crutch walking in adolescents with spastic diplegia

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hiu Kwong Yeung ◽  
Daniel HK Chow ◽  
Ivan Yuen Wang Su
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Walking Aids

Background: Back pain and ambulation deterioration among ambulatory individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) are common as they grow older and walking aids are often prescribed to improve stability and promote maximal weight-bear on lower limbs during gait. Objective: To investigate the effects of walking aids on back muscle activity and whole body kinematics among adolescents with spastic diplegia. Study Design: A repeated-measures design was adopted with participants tested under different walking conditions. Methods: Ten participants were recruited and Lofstrand forearm crutches were selected. Both the activity of lumbar erector spinae and the kinematics of head, trunk, pelvis and lower limbs during walking were monitored using telemetric electromyography and motion analysis system respectively. Results: Comparisons between walking unaided and walking with unilateral and bilateral crutch(es) were made. Significant decreases in speed, cadence, erector spinae activity and lower trunk extension were observed during crutch walking together with significantly increased stride time and anterior pelvic tilt. Conclusions: These findings suggested that Lofstrand crutch(es) reduced muscular demands and lumbar lordosis with increased lower back mobility. The results shed light on the prescription of walking aid in the management and prevention of chronic back pain for ambulatory individuals with CP from a life span perspective. Clinical relevance This study revealed that four-point reciprocal crutch walking can be prescribed to reduce muscle activity, and hence decrease stress at back, during gait among ambulatory individuals with CP that may serve as an adjunct to back pain management in this population group.

Power of Modified Brown-Forsythe and Mixed-Model Approaches in Split-Plot Designs

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Livacic-Rojas ◽  
Guillermo Vallejo ◽  
Paula Fernández ◽  
Ellián Tuero-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Low precision of the inferences of data analyzed with univariate or multivariate models of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in repeated-measures design is associated to the absence of normality distribution of data, nonspherical covariance structures and free variation of the variance and covariance, the lack of knowledge of the error structure underlying the data, and the wrong choice of covariance structure from different selectors. In this study, levels of statistical power presented the Modified Brown Forsythe (MBF) and two procedures with the Mixed-Model Approaches (the Akaike’s Criterion, the Correctly Identified Model [CIM]) are compared. The data were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation method with the statistical package SAS 9.2, a split-plot design, and considering six manipulated variables. The results show that the procedures exhibit high statistical power levels for within and interactional effects, and moderate and low levels for the between-groups effects under the different conditions analyzed. For the latter, only the Modified Brown Forsythe shows high level of power mainly for groups with 30 cases and Unstructured (UN) and Autoregressive Heterogeneity (ARH) matrices. For this reason, we recommend using this procedure since it exhibits higher levels of power for all effects and does not require a matrix type that underlies the structure of the data. Future research needs to be done in order to compare the power with corrected selectors using single-level and multilevel designs for fixed and random effects.

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