Pushing Back on Displacement: Community-Based Redevelopment through Historically Black Churches

Gentrification and subsequent displacement are common problems in cities, and result in the removal of poor communities and communities of color from urban areas as they move to cheaper locations in the metropolitan region. Here we describe a community-based approach to redevelopment by historic Black churches that seeks to counter such displacement and cultural removal. We explain the history of a historically Black neighborhood in Seattle and the founding and rationale for a church-led project called the Nehemiah Initiative. Our perspective is that of participants in the work of the Nehemiah Initiative and as faculty and students from a local university partner supporting it. We conclude with policy strategies that can be used to support such redevelopment in Seattle, with understanding that some may be broadly applicable to other cities.

Download Full-text

Truth and Reinvestment: A Call for Reparations

Kalfou A Journal of Comparative and Relational Ethnic Studies ◽

10.15367/kf.v3i2.105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zachary Norris

Keyword(s):

Criminal Justice ◽

Political Climate ◽

Community Based ◽

Criminal Justice Reform ◽

Communities Of Color ◽

The People ◽

Racial Injustice ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

In a political climate where criminal justice reform has finally begun to gain traction among both the right and the left, the reinvestment of funds away from systems of punishment and toward community-based resources has also become politically possible. “Jobs, not jails” is a common rallying cry within the criminal justice reform movement, including at the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, where we work to reinvest resources in jobs, education, health care, and housing for communities of color instead of wasting money on police and prisons. However, as long as political discussions about reforms and reinvestment continue to exist in a race-neutral sphere with no acknowledgment of the truth of this country’s long history of racial injustice, we move no closer to meaningful change and radical transformation of how the government cares for and is accountable to the people.

Download Full-text

Dog parasite incidence and risk factors, from sampling after one-year interval, in Pinhais, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612012000200006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Camila Marinelli Martins ◽

Cristiane da Conceição de Barros ◽

Daniele Bier ◽

Ana Paula Marinho ◽

Jaqueline Maria Gonçalves Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

New Agents ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Antiparasitic Drug ◽

Parasitic Zoonoses ◽

History Of ◽

One Year ◽

Fecal Tests

Domestic animals in urban areas may serve as reservoirs for parasitic zoonoses. The aim of this study was to monitor the parasitic status of household dogs in an urban area of Pinhais, in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil, after a one-year period. In May 2009, fecal samples, skin scrapings and ticks were collected from 171 dogs. Questionnaires were applied to the owners (sex, age, environment and anthelmintic use). In May 2010, 26.3% (45/171) of the dogs were fecal samples reanalysed. From the fecal samples, 33.3% (57/171) in 2009 and 64.4% (29/45) in 2010 were positive. The parasite species most observed were, respectively in 2009 and 2010, Ancylostoma sp., 66.7 and 44.8%, and Strongyloidesstercoralis, 26.3 and 3.4%. All the skin scrapings were negative, and no ticks or protozoa were found. There was no statistical association (p > 0.05) between positive fecal tests and age, sex or environment. In 2009 alone, dogs with a history of antiparasitic drug administration were 2.3 times more likely to be negative. A great number of replacement dogs was noticed one year later. Therefore, isolated antiparasitic treatment strategies may have no impact on parasite control, given the risk of introduction of new agents, thereby limiting the prevention strategies.

Download Full-text

Atuação do corpo de bombeiros do Ceará em ocorrências envolvendo abelhas africanizadas

ACTA Apicola Brasilica ◽

10.18378/aab.v3i2.4473 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Francisco Tallys Pereira de Lima ◽

Daniel Santiago Pereira ◽

Ronaldo Roque Araújo

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Fire Department ◽

Point Of View ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Actual System ◽

Rescue Service ◽

Public Managers ◽

History Of ◽

Africanized Bees ◽

Security Operations

O objetivo geral foi avaliar o serviço de atendimento às ocorrências envolvendo abelhas africanizadas, prestado pelo CBMCE (Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Ceará) na RMF (Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza) no período de2008 a2010, para isso demonstrou-se o serviço de salvamento do CBMCE no enfrentamento das ocorrências envolvendo abelhas, historiou-se o processo do ciclo de vida da abelha africanizada e seus efeitos no ecossistema e expôs-se a visão dos gestores públicos acerca do enfrentamento institucional aos enxames de abelhas africanizadas nas áreas urbanas da RMF. A metodologia utilizada desenvolveu-se por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas na literatura específica e documental através de dados estatísticos do Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança (CIOPS), entrevistas aos Oficiais gestores da área operacional do CBMCE, ao Comandante Geral do Corpo de Bombeiros e a um especialista da área de abelhas sociais. Tendo sido levantada a seguinte questão: O atual sistema de enfrentamento de enxames de abelhas africanizadas na RMF pelo CBMCE está conseguindo realizar harmonicamente a relação entre a segurança da população e a preservação dessa espécie de inseto? Portanto, concluímos pela necessidade da criação de parcerias contínuas entre o Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Ceará e órgãos, públicos ou privados, especializados na área de apicultura.Performance of the Ceará fire brigade in occurrences involving Africanized beesThe general objective was to evaluate the response of Fire Department of Ceará to problems with Africanized bees on the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, period 2008 to 2010, for this it show the rescue service of Fire Department of Ceará involving bees, to write the history of Africans bees’ lifecycle process and their effects on ecosystem and expose public managers’ point of view about institutional confrontation to the Africanized bees in urban areas of Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza. The methodology used developed through bibliographical searches in literature and documental through statistical data of Integrated Security Operations Center, interview with managers officers from operational areas of Fire Department of Ceará, with General Commander of Fire Department and a specialist in sociality bees. A question was did: is the actual system of Africans bees confrontation in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza by Fire Department of Ceará able to realize with harmony between people security and that bee specie? Therefore, we conclude for necessity to create continuous partnership between Fire Department of Ceará and publics or privates institutes, specialized in apiculture.

Download Full-text

Hastings Donnan and Pnina Werbner (eds). Economy and Culture in Pakistan: Migrants and Cities in a Muslim Society. London: Macmillan. 1991. 268 pp.

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v31i3pp.325-328 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 325-328

Author(s):

Ziaul Haque

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Political System ◽

Direct Result ◽

The Political ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Population Movements ◽

Social Fabric ◽

History Of ◽

Political Divide ◽

Different Parts

Modem economic factors and forces are rapidly transforming the world into a single society and economy in which the migration of people at the national and international levels plays an important role. Pakistan, as a modem nation, has characteristically been deeply influenced by such migrations, both national and international. The first great exodus occurred in 1947 when over eight million Indian Muslims migrated from different parts of India to Pakistan. Thus, from the very beginning mass population movements and migrations have been woven into Pakistan's social fabric through its history, culture and religion. These migrations have greatly influenced the form and substance of the national economy, the contours of the political system, patterns of urbanisation and the physiognomy of the overall culture and history of the country. The recent political divide of Sindh on rural/Sindhi, and urban/non-Sindhi, ethnic and linguistic lines is the direct result of these earlier settlements of these migrants in the urban areas of Sindh.

Download Full-text

The implications of climate change on residential water use: a micro-scale analysis of Portland (OR), USA

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2011.024 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 225-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vivek Shandas ◽

Meenakshi Rao ◽

Moriah McSharry McGrath

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Use ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Future Climate ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Study Region ◽

Residential Water Use ◽

Residential Water

Social and behavioral research is crucial for securing environmental sustainability and improving human living environments. Although the majority of people now live in urban areas, we have limited empirical evidence of the anticipated behavioral response to climate change. Using empirical data on daily household residential water use and temperature, our research examines the implications of future climate conditions on water conservation behavior in 501 households within the Portland (OR) metropolitan region. We ask whether and how much change in ambient temperatures impact residential household water use, while controlling for taxlot characteristics. Based on our results, we develop a spatially explicit description about the changes in future water use for the study region using a downscaled future climate scenario. The results suggest that behavioral responses are mediated by an interaction of household structural attributes, and magnitude and temporal variability of weather parameters. These findings have implications for the way natural resource managers and planning bureaus prepare for and adapt to future consequences of climate change.

Download Full-text

Design and Operation of Small Wastewater Treatment Plants by the Microbial Film Process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1990.0194 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 22 (3-4) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Iwai ◽

Y. Oshino ◽

T. Tsukada

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Small Communities ◽

Fishing Villages ◽

Sewer Systems ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

History Of ◽

Microbial Film

Although the ratio of sewer systems to population in Japan has been improving in recent years, the construction of sewer systems in small communities such as farming or fishing villages, etc. had lagged behind that of urban areas. However, construction of small-scale sewer systems in farming and fishing villages has been actively carried out in recent years. This report explains the history of the promotion of small-scale sewer systems, why submerged filter beds are being employed in many cases, and introduces the design, operation and maintenance of representative waste-water treatment plants in farming and fishing villages which incorporate de-nitrogen and dephosphorization.

Download Full-text

The Membership Intake Movement of Historically Black Greek-letter Organizations

NASPA Journal ◽

10.2202/0027-6014.1024 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Walter M. Kimbrough

Keyword(s):

Historically Black ◽

Resistance To Change ◽

Greek Letter ◽

Intake Process ◽

Black Greek Letter Organizations ◽

History Of ◽

National Leadership ◽

Membership Intake ◽

Black Fraternities ◽

Greek Letter Organizations

The author reviews the history of pledging and the recent movements for reform of this practice among historically Black fraternities and sororities. He describes the membership intake process that has been adopted and its resultant problems, and suggests that the national leadership should emphasize the founding ideals of the organizations as a means of overcoming resistance to change.

Download Full-text

Spatiotemporal clustering, social inequities and the risk of leptospirosis in an endemic area of Brazil: a retrospective spatial modelling

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa128 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katyucia O C de Souza ◽

José Augusto P Góes ◽

Matheus S Melo ◽

Paula M G Leite ◽

Lucas A Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Spatial Regression ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Spatial Dynamics ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The State ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Social Inequities

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Brazil of social and economic relevance related to behavioural and socioenvironmental factors. This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of the incidence of leptospirosis and its association with social determinants in health in a state of northeastern Brazil. Methods An ecological study of temporal series with techniques of spatial analysis using secondary data of the cases of leptospirosis notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the state of Sergipe (2008–2017) was conducted. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using Poisson regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the Moran index, the local empirical Bayesian model, scan statistics and spatial regression. Results The incidence rate decreased from 3.66 to 1.44 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2008 and 2017, respectively. Leptospirosis was associated with social inequities, mostly affecting males aged 20–49 y living in urban areas. The space-time scan indicated the formation of a risk cluster in municipalities in the metropolitan region of the state. Conclusions The data indicated the persistence of leptospirosis transmission, maintaining a pattern of high endemicity in some municipalities associated with social inequities. The study showed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the disease to better target specific actions for prevention and control.

Download Full-text

Weathering the storm: A qualitative study of social prescribing in urban and rural Scotland during the COVID-19 pandemic

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211029187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110291

Author(s):

Alison Fixsen ◽

Simon Barrett ◽

Michal Shimonovich

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Third Sector ◽

Community Services ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Community Based ◽

Online Delivery ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Social Prescribing ◽

And Shifts

Objectives: The non-clinical approach known as social prescribing aims to tackle multi-morbidity, reduce general practitioner (GP) workload and promote wellbeing by directing patients to community services. Usual in-person modes of delivery of social prescribing have been virtually impossible under social distancing rules. This study qualitatively examined and compared the responses of three social prescribing schemes in Scotland to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We interviewed a theoretical sample of 23 stakeholders in urban and rural social prescribing schemes at the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Follow-up interviews with a representative sample were conducted around 10 months later. Interviewees included social prescribing coordinators (SPCs) GPs, managers, researchers and representatives of third sector organizations. Interview transcripts were analysed in stages and an inductive approach to coding was supported by NVivo. Results: Findings revealed a complex social prescribing landscape in Scotland with schemes funded, structured and delivering services in diverse ways. Across all schemes, working effectively during the pandemic and shifting to online delivery had been challenging and demanding; however, their priorities in response to the pandemic had differed. With GP time and services stretched to limits, GP practice-attached ‘Link Workers’ had taken on counselling and advocacy roles, sometimes for serious mental health cases. Community-based SPCs had mostly assumed a health education role, and those on the Western Isles of Scotland a digital support role. In both rural or urban areas, combatting loneliness and isolation – especially given social distancing – remained a pivotal aspect of the SPC role. Conclusion: This study highlights significant challenges and shifts in focus in social prescribing in response to the pandemic. The use of multiple digital technologies has assumed a central role in social prescribing, and this situation seems likely to remain. With statutory and non-statutory services stretched to their limits, there is a danger of SPCs assuming new tasks without adequate training or support.

Download Full-text

Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

Journal of Pest Science ◽

10.1007/s10340-021-01382-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Gugliuzzo ◽

Peter H. W. Biedermann ◽

Daniel Carrillo ◽

Louela A. Castrillo ◽

James P. Egonyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Plant Stress ◽

Real Field ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Baited Traps ◽

Rapid Spread ◽

Mycoparasitic Fungi ◽

History Of

AbstractWe provide an overview of both traditional and innovative control tools for management of three Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), invasive species with a history of damage in forests, nurseries, orchards and urban areas. Xylosandrus compactus, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus are native to Asia, and currently established in several countries around the globe. Adult females bore galleries into the plant xylem inoculating mutualistic ambrosia fungi that serve as food source for the developing progeny. Tunneling activity results in chewed wood extrusion from entry holes, sap outflow, foliage wilting followed by canopy dieback, and branch and trunk necrosis. Maintaining plant health by reducing physiological stress is the first recommendation for long-term control. Baited traps, ethanol-treated bolts, trap logs and trap trees of selected species can be used to monitor Xylosandrus species. Conventional pest control methods are mostly ineffective against Xylosandrus beetles because of the pests’ broad host range and rapid spread. Due to challenges with conventional control, more innovative control approaches are being tested, such as the optimization of the push–pull strategy based on specific attractant and repellent combinations, or the use of insecticide-treated netting. Biological control based on the release of entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi, as well as the use of antagonistic bacteria, has yielded promising results. However, these technologies still require validation in real field conditions. Overall, we suggest that management efforts should primarily focus on reducing plant stress and potentially be combined with a multi-faceted approach for controlling Xylosandrus damage.

Download Full-text