scholarly journals The Elephant in the Room: Youth, Cognition, and Student Groups in Mass Social Movements

Societies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Hank Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age Cohort

Student and youth groups are often vanguard actors in turbulent times. This article proposes that when they are part of broader social movements, they can introduce strong age-cohort influences in a movement’s development. These influences derive from the balance between youths and adults in a movement and their interrelationships, especially over the long term when demands remain unanswered by the state. Other influences include resource availability, which tends to cluster with older generations, tactical specialization according to age cohorts, and the tendency of groups with younger members to be willing to take greater risks, be more passionate in their demands, and more militant in their tactics. In this report, we identified several empirically recognized cognitive dimensions relevant to youthful participation: (1) identity search, (2) risk taking, (3) emotionality, and (4) cognitive triggering. These cognitive factors of late adolescence and early adulthood can energize a movement when young cohorts participate but also run the risk of alienating older members and public opinion. We discussed how mass movements for political and/or cultural change are frequently intergenerational and how intergenerational relations can mitigate the inward-turning and militant tendencies of young adults. In broad movements for social change, these relations can create a division of labor in which students are the vanguard actors and the older members mobilize the social and material resources available to them. Under other conditions, youth and student groups wield a two-edged sword with the capability of energizing a movement or alienating older cohorts of militants and public opinion.

Reckoning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deva R. Woodly
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Public Meanings

Reckoning: Black Lives Matter and the Democratic Necessity of Social Movements is an analysis of the emergence of the Movement for Black Lives (M4BL), its organizational structure and culture, and its strategies and tactics, while also laying out and contextualizing the social movement’s unique political philosophy, radical Black feminist pragmatism (RBFM), along with documenting measurable political effects in terms of changing public meanings, public opinion, and policy. Throughout the text, the author interweaves theoretical and empirical observations, rendering both an illustration of this movement and an analysis of the work social movements do in democracy.

Changing public opinion about gender activates group threat and opposition to feminist social movements among men

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022110488
Author(s):  
Adrian Rivera-Rodriguez ◽  
Greg Larsen ◽  
Nilanjana Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Group Threat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compensatory Reactions ◽  
Traditional Masculinity ◽  
Feminist Movements

Two studies examined whether men’s perception of the declining value of traditional masculinity activates social status, realistic, and symbolic threat, and in turn motivates opposition to feminist social movements. In Study 1, men’s perception that their ingroup is losing value across several social spheres was associated with social status and realistic threat, both of which were associated with opposition to feminist movements. Study 2, an experiment, presented men with public opinion data showing a 30-year decline in the degree to which Americans value traditional masculinity or no decline. Information about the declining value of masculinity activated status threat, which motivated less support for feminist movements. Among men who highly identified as masculine, this same information reduced support for feminist movements through symbolic threat. In sum, perceived decline in the social value of traditional masculinity creates status anxiety about the ingroup’s future and motivates compensatory reactions against gender equality.

scholarly journals Imigranci w Hiszpanii w dobie kryzysu. Reakcje hiszpańskiej opinii publicznej i prasy w okresie 2008-2011

2014 ◽  
pp. 46-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Golemo
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Press

Immigration in Spain in times of crisis. Spanish public opinion and press reactions in the period from 2008 to 2011In recent decades immigrants considerably influence the social and cultural landscape of Spain. The immigration brings a new dimension of multiculturalism phenomenon and enriches the hybrid (ethnic, regional, linguistic) Spanish identity. All immigrant communities are factors of cultural change in different levels of social life. Their impact on the receiving society can be both measured through the “hard” statistical data and described from the subjective perspective focusing on the social representations, expectations, fears, lifestyle  and mentality changes, cultural closeness and remoteness, etc. Over the last years the global crisis has been a idée fixe of the socio-economic (but also cultural) discourse in many parts of the world. Spain was placed among countries most affected by the recession. Its economic downturn and social impasse led to internal political crisis (the accelerated general elections in 2011) and to appearance of the protest movement Indignados fighting for better conditions for life.  Immigrants have become one  the most relevant participant of the social changes in times of recession and conflicts. The intent of this article is to present the situation of  the immigrant community in Spain in the period from 2008 to 2011, in reference to statistical reports, public opinion surveys and selected comments of Spanish press. Imigranci w Hiszpanii w dobie kryzysu. Reakcje hiszpańskiej opinii publicznej i prasy w okresie 2008-2011Imigranci są od kilku dekad bardzo istotnym elementem hiszpańskiego społeczeństwa. Ich obecność w Hiszpanii to stosunkowo nowe oblicze wielokulturowości, współistniejące (nie zawsze zgodnie) z innymi składnikami złożonej hiszpańskiej tożsamości: etnicznej czy regionalnej. Społeczności imigranckie są często nośnikiem zmiany kulturowej na różnych poziomach życia społecznego. Bywają motorem przemian zarówno w sensie obiektywnym, co pokazuję „twarde” dane (wpływ na rynek prac i strukturę zatrudnienia,  system edukacji, czy kierunek polityki społecznej), jak i w wymiarze bardziej subiektywnym, dotyczącym społecznych wyobrażeń, oczekiwań, niepokojów (przemiany stylu życia, mentalności, dynamika tolerancji vs. zamknięcia kulturowego, poczucie nowych zagrożeń w społeczeństwie przyjmującym etc.).W ostatnich latach tematem przewodnim debaty społeczno-ekonomicznej, ale także kulturowej,  stał się postępujący kryzys dotykający zachodnie społeczeństwa. Hiszpania to jeden z tych krajów, w których ten impas przyjął szczególnie wyrazistą formę. Świadczyły o tym m.in. zawirowania na wewnętrznej scenie politycznej (przyspieszone wybory parlamentarne w 2011 r.), czy powstające ruchy społeczne walczące o poprawę warunków życia: Indignados. Imigranci stali się ważnymi uczestnikami wydarzeń i przemian społecznych zachodzących w dobie recesji i konfliktów. Celem artykułu będzie próba przedstawienia sytuacji społeczności imigranckich w Hiszpanii w latach 2008-2011, w odwołaniu do raportów statystycznych i sondaży opinii publicznej w Hiszpanii  oraz wybranych komentarzy hiszpańskiej prasy.

scholarly journals Homossexuais: entre as conquistas e a força conservadora dos preconceitos

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo ◽  
Renan Antônio Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Principal Factor ◽  
Special Role ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Factor

O objetivo deste ensaio é demonstrar o estado do conhecimento sobre a inclusão da população LGBT nas sociedades ocidentais, dentre as quais, a brasileira. Recorre-se à literatura nacional e internacional para esta discussão que tem como conceito central a homofobia e como foco estratégico a análise dos movimentos sociais e das políticas a favor dos direitos desse grupo. A busca pelo respeito e pela dignidade homossexual passa pela criação de leis, movimentos e manifestos populares, pois a aceitação do “diferente” é o principal fator para a efetivação de garantias de direitos desse segmento social. A literatura mostra que países da Europa e das Américas têmcaminhado cada vez mais para o reconhecimento da igualdade dedireitos civis para a população LGBT. Mas demonstra, também, as inúmeras diferenças nas conquistas e situações pelo mundo afora. Inclusive, assinala que até hoje persistem perseguições, torturas e mortes que ocorrem ofi cialmente nos regimes políticos autoritários, mas também, nas democracias. A educação tem um papel especialvisando à mudança cultural, cabendo-lhe, mais que ensinar matérias, incentivar a convivência, o diálogo, e os projetos que promovam a riqueza da diversidade humana.Palavras-chave: Homossexualidade. Homofobia. Sexualidade. Homosexuals: between the conquests and the conservative force of prejudicesABSTRACTThe objective of this essay is to demonstrate the state of knowledge about the inclusion of the LGBT population in Western societies, among which, Brazilian. It is used the national and international literature for this discussion that has as central concept homophobia and as strategic focus, the analysis of the social movements and the politics in favor of the rights of this group. The search for respect and homosexual dignity involves the creation of laws, movements and popular manifesto, since the acceptance of the “diff erent” is the main factor for the realization of rights guarantees of this social segment. The literature shows that countries in Europe and the Americas have increasingly moved towards the recognition of equal civil rights for the LGBT population. But, it also demonstrates the innumerable diff erences in achievements and situations around the world. It even points out that persecution, torture and death continue to occur offi cially in the authoritarian political regimes, but also in the democracies. Education has a special role for cultural change, and it is incumbent upon it, rather than teaching subjects, to encourage coexistence, dialogue and projects that promote the richness of human diversity.Keywords: Homosexuality. Homophobia. Sexuality. Homosexuales: entre conquistas y la fuerza conservadora de los prejuiciosRESUMENEl objetivo de este ensayo es demostrar el estado de conocimiento sobre la inclusión de la población LGBT en las sociedades occidentales, entre las cuales, la brasileña. Se recurre a la literatura nacional e internacional para esta discusión que tiene como concepto central la homofobia y como foco estratégico el análisis de los movimientos sociales y de las políticas a favor de los derechos de dicho grupo. La busca por el respeto y por la dignidad homosexual pasa por la creación de leyes, movimientos y manifi estos populares, pues la aceptación del “diferente” es el principal factor para la efectuación de garantías de derechos de ese grupo social. La literatura muestra que países de Europa y de las Américas han caminado cada vez más para el reconocimiento de la igualdad de derechos civiles para la población LGBT. Pero demuestra, también, las innúmeras diferencias en las conquistas y situaciones por el mundo afuera. Incluso, señala que hasta hoy persisten persecuciones, torturas y muertes que ocurren ofi cialmente en los regímenes políticos autoritarios y también en las democracias. La educación juega un papel esencial para alcanzar el cambio cultural, cabiéndole más que enseñar asignaturas, incentivar la convivencia, el diálogo y los proyectos que promuevan la riqueza de la diversidad humana.Palabras clave: Homosexualidad. Homofobia. Sexualidad.

The Political and Aesthetic Power of the Everyday in Beckett's Happy Days

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Julie Bates
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Last Man ◽  
Second World

Happy Days is contemporaneous with a number of seminal contributions to the concept of the everyday in postwar France. This essay suggests that the increasingly constrained verbal and physical routines performed by its protagonist Winnie constitute a portrait of the everyday, and goes on to trace the affinities between Beckett's portrait and several formulations of the concept, with particular emphasis on the pronounced gendering of the everyday in many of these theories. The essay suggests the aerial bombings of the Second World War and methods of torture during the Algerian War as potential influences for Beckett's play, and draws a comparison with Marlen Haushofer's 1963 novel The Wall, which reimagines the Romantic myth of The Last Man as The Last Woman. It is significant, however, that the cataclysmic event that precedes the events of Happy Days remains unnamed. This lack of specificity, I suggest, is constitutive of the menace of the play, and has ensured that the political as well as aesthetic power of Happy Days has not dated. Indeed, the everyday of its sentinel figure posted in a blighted landscape continues to articulate the fears of audiences, for whom the play may resonate today as a staging of twenty-first century anxiety about environmental crisis. The essay concludes that in Happy Days we encounter an isolated female protagonist who contrives from scant material resources and habitual bodily rhythms a shelter within a hostile environment, who generates, in other words, an everyday despite the shattering of the social and temporal framework that conventionally underpin its formation. Beckett's play in this way demonstrates the political as well as aesthetic power of the everyday in a time of crisis.

ВИДОВИЩЕ ТА ВИДОВИЩНІСТЬ В СУЧАСНІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ УКРАЇНИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Admink Admink ◽  
Катерина Гайдукевич
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social

Обґрунтовано, що видовища характеризуються специфічними ознаками, серед яких варто наголосити на культурній цінності, що виявляється у використанні видовищем різних складових культури. Доведено, що видовища є показниками суспільних зрушень у системі цінностей, ідеологій, наявних і латентних проблем, устремлінь та бажань громадськості. Показано, що в сучасній культурі України пріоритетною є функція соціальної регуляції й формування  суспільної думки, яка реалізується у форматі імітативних практик та множинних культурних інтерпретацій. Проаналізовано напрями, за якими розвиватимуться видовища й видовищність в Україні: зміцнення й популяризація традиційних видовищних заходів; усталення нових видовищних практик; збагачення видовищної культури інноваційними формами та практиками. It is substantiated that the spectacle is characterized by specific features, among which it is worth emphasizing the cultural value that is expressed in the use by the spectacle of different components of the culture. It has been proved that the spectacles are indicators of social shifts in the system of values, ideologies, existing and latent problems, aspirations and desires of the public. It is shown that in the contemporary culture of Ukraine the priority is the function of the social regulation and the formation of the public opinion that is implemented in the format of imitative practices and multiple cultural interpretations. The directions for development of the spectacles and entertainment in Ukraine are analyzed: strengthening and promoting traditional entertainment events; establishing new entertaining practices; the enrichment of the spectacular culture with innovative forms and practices.

GERAKAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG LABALUBA DESA KONTUMERE KECAMATAN KABAWO KABUPATEN MUNA TAHUN 1960-1980

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurwan Nurwan ◽  
Ali Hadara ◽  
La Batia
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Movement Process ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK: Inti pokok masalah dalam penelitian ini meliputi latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, Faktor-faktor yang mendorong gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna dan akibat gerakan sosial masyarakat Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna? Latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba yaitu keadaan kampungnya yang hanya terdiri dari beberapa kepala keluarga tiap kampung dan jarak yang jauh masing-masing kampung membuat keadaan masyarakatnya sulit untuk berkomnikasi dan tiap kampung hanya terdiri dari lima sampai dengan tujuh kepala keluarga saja. Kampung ini letaknya paling timur pulau Muna terbentang dari ujung kota Raha sekarang sampai kampung Wakuru yang saat ini. Kondisi ini juga yang menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab kampung ini kurang berkembang baik dibidang ekonomi, sosial politik, pendidikan maupun di bidang kebudayaan. Keadaan ini diperparah lagi dengan sifat dan karakter penduduknya yang masih sangat primitif. Faktor yang mendorong adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna adalah adanya ketidaksesuaian antara keinginan pemerintah setempat dan masyarakat yang mendiami Kampung Labaluba pada waktu itu. Sedangkan proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna bermula ketika pemerintah seolah memaksakan kehendaknya kepada rakyat yang menyebabkan rakyat tidak setuju dengan kebijakan tersebut. Akibat yang ditimbulkan dari adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna terbagi dua yaitu akibat positif dan akibat negatif.Kata Kunci: Gerakan Sosial, Factor dan Dampaknya ABSTRACT: The main issues in this study include the background of the social movement of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, Factors that encourage social movements of Labaluba Kampung Sub-village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, the social movement process of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District Muna Regency and due to Labaluba community social movements Kontumere Village Kabawo District Muna Regency? The background of the Labaluba Kampung community social movement is that the condition of the village consists of only a few heads of households per village and the distance of each village makes it difficult for the community to communicate and each village only consists of five to seven households. This village is located east of the island of Muna stretching from the edge of the city of Raha now to the current village of Wakuru. This condition is also one of the factors causing the village to be less developed in the economic, social political, educational and cultural fields. This situation is made worse by the very primitive nature and character of the population. The factor that motivated the existence of the social movement of Labaluba Village in Kontumere Village, Kabawo Subdistrict, Muna Regency was the mismatch between the wishes of the local government and the people who inhabited Labaluba Village at that time. While the process of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency began when the government seemed to impose its will on the people, causing the people to disagree with the policy. The consequences arising from the existence of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency are divided into two, namely positive and negative effects. Keywords: Social Movements, Factors and their Impacts

Abolitionism and the Social Conscience

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Ditchfield
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Triangular Trade ◽  
Reform Needs

Explanations of the abolition of the slave trade have been the subject of intense historical debate. Earlier accounts tended to play up the role of individual, heroic abolitionists and their religious, particularly evangelical, motivation. Eric Williams argued that the decline in profitability of the ‘Triangular trade’ was important in persuading people that the slave trade hindered, rather than helped, economic progress. More recent work has rehabilitated the role of some abolitionists but has set this alongside the importance of campaigning and petitioning in shifting public opinion. The role that the slaves themselves played in bringing attention to their plight is also now recognized. Consequently, the importance of abolitionism for a sense of Dissenting self-identity and as part of broader attempts to influence social reform needs to be reconsidered.

Style et idéologie. De la version longue à la version brève de la Vie de Jean l’Aumônier, due à Léonce de Néapolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Pablo Cavallero
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Textual Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Literary Character

Abstract The changes in the short version of Leontios of Neapolis’ Life of John the Almsgiver are analyzed in order to evaluate their cause and to expose their literary character. It is shown that the saint’s oaths are suppressed due to a misunderstanding of a passage in the Prologue, and by respect of the Evangelical commandment. The short version also eliminates pagan concepts of fortune, emphasises the social hierarchy, the accordance between words and thoughts, the action of God as a cause of miracles, and avoids to name God as a reason. The short version raises the stylistical level of the text using the methods of the Metaphrast which is common in the 10th century. The textual tradition also allows to date it into this century. The long version is surely the original text, and the changes made to it show a cultural change between the 7th and 10th centuries.

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