scholarly journals A Practical Approach for Estimating the Optimum Tilt Angle of a Photovoltaic Panel for a Long Period—Experimental Recorded Data

Solar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Reza Hassanian ◽  
Morris Riedel ◽  
Nashmin Yeganeh ◽  
Runar Unnthorsson
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Set Up

In this study, recorded empirical data were applied with a practical approach to investigate the optimal tilt angle of the flat plate collectors facing south for a long period in Tehran, Iran. The data included 20 years of recorded average total radiation on the horizontal plane in Tehran’s meteorological station. Based on the previous studies, the annual optimum tilt angle for Tehran was estimated at 33 degrees annually; however, this estimation does not focus on the energy absorption and effectiveness of changing the tilt angle monthly, seasonally, and bi-annually via measured data. This paper aims to explain this distinction between various radiation receptions with different tilt angle adjustments. This study shows that annual solar cumulative radiation energy gained via a monthly tilt angle can be approximately 7% higher than that achieved with an annual tilt angle setup. Additionally, the seasonal and bi-annual tilt angles have about 6% more annual cumulative radiation absorption than the annual tilt angle setup. Moreover, with consideration of similar monthly received radiation, the results illustrate that the radiation gained with a monthly tilt angle set up was 20% greater in the summer months than an annual tilt angle adjustment.

The Tilt Angle of the Solar Panels has the Highest Power

2014 ◽  
Vol 548-549 ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marut Khodphan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Measured Voltage ◽  
Test Sets ◽  
Set Up

Photovoltaic is Boundless energy. The development of modern technology on solar cell and implementation for change solar energy are into electrical energy to serve as backup power. The installations of the solar cell was tilt angle about 10 degree,(EGCO, 2013). The researcher should be rechecked the proper tilt angle for Nakonratchasima. So, set up two test sets. Frist set can adjust the angle and the second set cannot adjust the angle. Set adjustable resistor for load 1 kΩ by adjusting resistor 10% -95% such as 10%,15%,20% etc. Measured voltage and current to be appropriate for the resistance and solar cell, which is equal to 75% or equal to 750 ohms for all tests. The energy from the solar cell be measured for a period of 12 days from 08.00 am - 16.00 pm. Record voltage and current both sets every 15 minutes from 5 degrees to 60 degree by adjust the angle 5 degrees per day. All the measured data to determine the data transfer in the horizontal plane. The research found that the proper tilt angle of the solar cell is 15 to 20 degrees for Nakonratchasima.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Wave Energy Due to Mangrove Vegetation off Mumbai, India

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiksha S. V. ◽  
P. Vethamony ◽  
Prasad K. Bhaskaran ◽  
P. Pednekar ◽  
M. Jishad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Set Up

Coastal regions of India are prone to sea level rise, cyclones, storm surges, and human-induced activities, resulting in flood, erosion, and inundation, and some of these impacts could be attributed to climate change. Mangroves play a very protective role against some of these coastal hazards. The primary aim of the study was to estimate wave energy attenuation by mangrove vegetation using modeling, and to validate the model results with measurements conducted off Mumbai coast, where a mangrove forest is present. Wave measurements were carried out from 5–8 August 2015 at three locations in a transect normal to the coast using surface-mounted pressure-level sensors in spring tide conditions. The measured data presented wave height attenuation of the order of 52%. Model set-up and sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the model performance with respect to vegetation parameters. It was observed that wave attenuation increases with an increase in drag coefficient, vegetation density, and stem diameter. For a typical set-up in the Mumbai coastal region having a vegetation density of 0.175 per m2, stem diameter of 0.3 m, and drag coefficient varying from 0.4 to 1.5, the model reproduced attenuation ranging from 49% to 55%, which matches reasonably well with the measured data. Spectral analysis performed for the cases with and without vegetation very clearly portrays energy dissipation in the vegetation area. This study also highlights the importance of climate change and mangrove vegetation.

scholarly journals Wave energy dissipation in the mangrove vegetation off Mumbai, India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiksha S. Volvaiker ◽  
Ponnumony Vethamony ◽  
Prasad K. Bhaskaran ◽  
Premanand Pednekar ◽  
MHamsa Jishad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Drag Coefficient ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Wave Attenuation ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Wave Height Attenuation ◽  
Set Up

Abstract. Coastal regions of India are prone to sea level rise, cyclones, storm surges and human induced activities, resulting in flood, erosion, and inundation. The primary aim of the study is to estimate wave attenuation by mangrove vegetation using SWAN model in standalone mode, as well as SWAN nested with WW3 model for the Mumbai coastal region. To substantiate the model results, wave measurements were carried out during 5–8 August 2015 at 3 locations in a transect normal to the coast using surface mounted pressure level sensors under spring tide conditions. The measured data presents wave height attenuation of the order of 52 %. The study shows a linear relationship between wave height attenuation and gradual changes in water level in the nearshore region, in phase with the tides. Model set-up and sensitivity analyses were conducted to understand the model performance to vegetation parameters. It was observed that wave attenuation increased with an increase in drag coefficient (Cd), vegetation density, and stem diameter. For a typical set-up for Mumbai coastal region having vegetation density of 0.175 per m2, stem diameter of 0.3 m and drag coefficient varying from 0.4 to 1.5, the model reproduced attenuation, ranging from 49 to 55 %, which matches well with the measured data. Spectral analysis performed for the cases with and without vegetation very clearly portrays energy dissipation in the vegetation area as well as spectral changes. This study has the potential of improving the quality of wave prediction in vegetation areas, especially during monsoon season and extreme weather events.

Coaction Analysis on Pile-Net-Cushion-Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 580-583 ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Rui Fang Wang ◽  
Ke Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Composite Foundation ◽  
Analytic Calculation ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Interaction Coefficients ◽  
Flexibility Matrix ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Set Up

In accordance of the principles of stress continuousness and displacement coordination, the interactions model of pile and pile, pile and soil are set up;Accoring to the symmetry of the models,1/4 of the models are extracted to set up three-dimension multipile composite foundation models.The flexibility matrix of the three reinforcements are modified to build a global flexibility matrix with the consideration of cushion's compression; Interaction coefficients of the analytic calculation are lower than those of the finite element when pile lengthen is diversity.The comparison between the on-site measured data from the literature review and results of the analytic calculation shows the settlements in the analytic calculation are smaller than those in the measured data, and the model measurements are very close to the curves from the analytic calculation. All these prove that the analytic methods proposed by this research are accurate and may function as a reference to engineering.

scholarly journals Influence of tidal parameters on SeaGen flicker performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 (1985) ◽  
pp. 20120247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph MacEnri ◽  
Matthew Reed ◽  
Torbjörn Thiringer
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Energy Converter ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents the analysis of the study of the flicker emitted from the 1.2 MW tidal energy converter (TEC), SeaGen, against varying tidal parameters. This paper outlines the main elements of the TEC itself, the environment it is located in and the measurement set up. In this paper, the flicker emitted by the TEC is compared with the different tidal parameters, including flood and ebb tides, tidal speed, water depth and turbulence strength and intensity. Flicker emissions have been calculated from measured data in over 90 measurement (10 min) periods, and all of the tidal parameters vary significantly over that testing period. This allows for a detailed statistical and graphical analysis of the variation of flicker with the variation of the tidal parameters outlined above. It is found, with the exception of tidal speed, that there is no strong relationship between flicker emissions and any other tidal parameter. As SeaGen is an asymmetrical TEC with full blade pitching for flood and ebb generation, it was also found that the expected difference of flicker emissions owing to the effect of the submersed crossbeam was not significant. The TEC harmonic performance versus tidal speed is also presented.

Chapter 7.3 Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann

2021 ◽  
pp. M55-2018-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Gambino ◽  
Pietro Armienti ◽  
Andrea Cannata ◽  
Paola Del Carlo ◽  
Gaetano Giudice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Victoria Land ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractMount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann are quiescent, although potentially explosive, alkaline volcanoes located 100 km apart in Northern Victoria Land quite close to three stations (Mario Zucchelli Station, Gondwana and Jang Bogo). The earliest investigations on Mount Melbourne started at the end of the 1960s; Mount Rittmann was discovered during the 1988–89 Italian campaign and knowledge of it is more limited due to the extensive ice cover. The first geophysical observations at Mount Melbourne were set up in 1988 by the Italian National Antarctic Research Programme (PNRA), which has recently funded new volcanological, geochemical and geophysical investigations on both volcanoes. Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann are active, and are characterized by fumaroles that are fed by volcanic fluid; their seismicity shows typical volcano signals, such as long-period events and tremor. Slow deformative phases have been recognized in the Mount Melbourne summit area. Future implementation of monitoring systems would help to improve our knowledge and enable near-real-time data to be acquired in order to track the evolution of these volcanoes. This would prove extremely useful in volcanic risk mitigation, considering that both Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann are potentially capable of producing major explosive activity with a possible risk to large and distant communities.

scholarly journals Coupling between the ocean and an ice shelf

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Fox ◽  
Vernon A. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Plate ◽  
Velocity Potential ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Plate Model ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Set Up

The possibility of long-period ocean waves coupling to an ice shelf is investigated. A thick elastic plate model is used for the ice shelf with comparisons made to the simpler thin-plate model. The strain set up on the ice shelf by a normally incident single frequency ocean wave is calculated by completely solving the equations governing the velocity potential for such a system. In the absence of measurements on an ice shelf, existing measurements of long-period strain on an ice tongue are used to estimate the required incident amplitude in the open water to induce the observed oscillations. It is found that the height of seas required indicates that ocean wave driving is a plausible forcing mechanism for observed oscillations.

Development of Method for Measurement Sound Pressure Level to Use Earphone

2013 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 378-383
Author(s):  
Seok Hoon Kang ◽  
Hyuk Moon
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Experimental Equipment ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Widespread Dissemination

Earphone use has skyrocketed due to the widespread dissemination of portable acoustic-apparatus. As the result, hearing loss due to noise-induced is becoming a big social problem. As the existing method, warning message is only used to prevent the hard of hearing according to the earphone use. However, it is hard for users to know the effect of the hours of earphone use and volume on their hearing, and control the earphone use by themselves. Therefore, in this paper, the method is suggested that users measure the effect of the time and volume of earphone use on their hearing with the simple experimental equipment and program. The method suggested in this paper is based on the simple experimental equipment to set up the similar environment to the real ear, and the program to find out the effect on hearing with the measured data.

DIVIDED POWER AND ΕΥΝΟΜΙΑ: DELIBERATIVE PROCEDURES IN ANCIENT SPARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Esu
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Divided Power ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spartan Mirage

Spartan institutions were pictured as a model of political stability from the Classical period onwards. The so-called Spartan ‘mirage’ did not involve only its constitutional order but also social and economic institutions. Xenophon begins hisConstitution of the Lacedaemoniansby associating Spartan fame with thepoliteiaset up by Lycurgus, which made the Laconian city the most powerful (δυνατωτάτη) and famous (ὀνομαστοτάτη)polisin Greece (Xen.Lac.1.1). In Aristotle'sPolitics, in which the assessment of Sparta is more complex and nuanced, one finds a critique of contemporary Spartan institutions as well as praise for Lycurgus as a great lawgiver who established the laws of Sparta (Arist.Pol.2.1269a69, 2.1273b20). Most other ancient sources often remark upon the unchangeable features of some Spartan institutions as a key aspect of Spartan εὐνομία. Thucydides maintains that, after a long period of war andstasis, the Dorians established excellent laws and Sparta employed the same constitution for more than four hundred years (Thuc. 1.18.1: τετρακόσια καὶ ὀλίγῳ πλείω ἐς τὴν τελευτὴν τοῦδε τοῦ πολέμου ἀφ᾽ οὗ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τῇ αὐτῇ πολιτείᾳ χρῶνται).

scholarly journals Evaluation of cooling ceilings with application of PCMs at specialized laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04037
Author(s):  
Stanislav Sehnalek ◽  
Martin Kolacek
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Radiant Cooling ◽  
Applied Informatics ◽  
Multiple Cycles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Made In

In this article is covered measurements of radiant cooling ceilings (RCC) in Laboratory of Environmental Engineering at Faculty of applied informatics under Tomas Bata University in Zlin. This laboratory performing standardized tests of special HVAC equipments. Article validate measurements on newly made customization of laboratory for measurements of such RCC. Measurement was performed on RCC with application of PCMs material. This RCC was specially developed for purposes of validation and made in two dimensions. Specific application of PCMs allows achieving recovery of accumulation media in multiple cycles during one day. Outline of newly made RCC is described followed up by detail of set-up of experiment. In article is estimate cooling capacity of used RCC with applied PCMs. Discontinuous cooling cycles is covered as well with description of measured data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document