scholarly journals Voluntary Sustainability Standards: State of the Art and Future Research

Standards ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Axel Marx ◽  
Charline Depoorter ◽  
Ruth Vanhaecht
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Zoom In ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
The Impact

In this feature paper, we introduce voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) and canvas the research that has been conducted on VSS from different academic disciplines. We identify four main areas of research on VSS and explore them. First, we focus on research on the institutional design of VSS, which highlights the diversity among VSS. Next, we explore studies that try to assess the impact of VSS on key sustainability dimensions. Third, we zoom in on studies that analyse the uptake or adoption of VSS. Finally, we focus on the interaction between VSS and public policies. For each of the four areas, we summarise the main research findings and identify opportunities for future research.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Eva Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Political Learning ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact

Chapter 11 aggregates the conceptual developments and theoretical argument and research findings presented in the previous chapters into a theoretical framework for studying the political leadership of elected politicians in the age of governance. The framework suggests that interactive political leadership holds the potential to promote robust political authorization in the age of governance through a promotion of interactive democracy, political learning accountability, interactive political entrepreneurship, and socio-political implementation. Conditioning factors are multi-level governance, an increased mediatization of political communication and access to interactive political platforms and arenas. Moreover, the chapter provides twenty propositions regarding the prospects for, and dilemmas and challenges related to the performance of interactive political leadership that can guide and inspire future research. Finally, the chapter proposes an agenda for future research and highlights the need for empirical studies on the scope for interactive political leadership in different contexts, discourse analyses of current understandings of political leadership and followership, process studies of the interplay between politicians and citizens, and studies of the impact of institutional design on political leadership styles.

The Changing Nature of Knowledge and Service Work in the Age of Intelligent Machines

2020 ◽  
pp. 343-368
Author(s):  
Crispin Coombs ◽  
Donald Hislop ◽  
Stanimira Taneva ◽  
Sarah Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

One of the most significant recent technological developments concerns the application of intelligent machines to jobs that up to now have been considered safe from automation. These changes have generated considerable debate regarding the impacts that the widespread adoption of intelligent machines could have on the nature of work. This chapter provides a thematic review, across multiple academic disciplines, of the current state of academic knowledge regarding the impact of intelligent machines on knowledge and service work. Adopting a work-practice perspective, the chapter reviews the extant literature concerning changing relations between workers and intelligent machines, the adoption and acceptance of intelligent machines, and ethical issues associated with greater machine human collaboration. A key finding is that much of the research discusses intelligent machines complementing and extending human capabilities rather than removing humans from work processes. The concept of augmentation of humans and human work, rather than wholesale replacement from automation, flows through the literature across a range of domains. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the main gaps in existing knowledge and ways in which future research may provide a deeper understanding of how people (currently and in the near future) experience intelligent machines in their day-to-day work practice. These include the need for multi-disciplinary research, the role of contexts, the need for more and better empirical research, the changing relationships between humans and intelligent machines, the adoption and acceptance of the technology, and ethical issues.

Impact and paybacks of biomedical research findings in Malaysia 2005–2015

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Kuan Lai ◽  
S Nalliah ◽  
CL Teng ◽  
NLP Chen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health System ◽  
Capacity Building ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health System Policy

Background: Impact in research encompasses health, economic, and cultural benefits beyond adding to the knowledge base. Funders are under immense pressure to be accountable for the paybacks from funded research.Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to look into the impact of funded biomedical research between the years 2005 and 2015 in Malaysia from the aspects of knowledge production, research targeting and capacity building, as well as health system policy and decision making.Methods: This study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods research design. Biomedical projects related to breast cancer, coronary heart disease, and dengue, funded by the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), and Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MOSTI) between the years 2005 and 2015, were included.Findings: From the questionnaire responses (n=58), on average each funded project managed to produce two outputs and one higher degree student. More than half (61.4%) of the funded projects led to subsequent future research. However, low citations in systematic reviews (10.3%), health policies (6.9%), and clinical practice guidelines (5.2%) were reported. In-depth interviews with the key opinion leaders also saw that most of the local research findings were found to be irrelevant to be adopted into policies by the policymakers.Discussion and conclusions: Paybacks on knowledge production as well as research targeting and capacity building had been achieved, but impact on health system policy and decision making had not been well attained, due to the lack of relevant research findings needed by the policymakers.<br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Payback on knowledge production was achieved, as there had been a lot of new knowledge generated as captured in academic publications, conference proceedings, policy briefs, technical reports, and research highlights, which is important to advance the frontiers of knowledge.</li><br /><li>Payback on research targeting was achieved, with the current research leading to future study with identification of the knowledge gap and generation of new ideas for new research.</li><br /><li>Payback on capacity building was achieved with the training of researchers, building up research capacity and competencies, production of MSc and PhD graduates, promotion of lecturers, and development of new partnerships and networks.</li><br /><li>Impact on health system policy and decision making was not well attained. There had been a lack of relevant research data and findings being incorporated into policymaking, due to the basic and fundamental nature of most of the funded biomedical research in Malaysia.</li></ul>

Retail Customer Engagement

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Andrea Moretta Tartaglione ◽  
Giuseppe Granata
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Research Directions

Customer engagement is one of the most debated topics in marketing literature. The great interest of the scientific community resulted in a large amount of research on this topic making it difficult for scholars to understand how to really contribute to advance the research. Based on these considerations, this chapter aims to provide an overview of the research findings and trends of previous studies to guide the researcher to the most influential works, results, and issues that need more insights. In particular, this chapter offers a literature review on customer engagement and retail customer engagement using bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping study. Results show the most productive authors, most cited publications, most frequent words, and clusters of related words. The analysis provides a description of the state of the art of retail customer engagement and suggests future research directions.

Reducing Digital Divide

2010 ◽  
pp. 212-247
Author(s):  
Anand Chand
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
People First ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the role of People First Network (PFnet) services in enhancing information and communication and contributing to sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. More specifically, it examines two main issues. First, it examines the uptake and appropriation of PFnet services by rural Solomon Islanders. Second, it examines the impact of PFnet services on sustainable rural development and poverty reduction in Solomon Islands. This chapter is based on a empirical research conducted in Solomon Islands between January-May 2004. The chapter is organised as follows: Section one provides an overview of PFnet Project. Section two states the main aims of the study. Section three outlines the methodology used for the research. The Section four reports the main research findings. Section five discusses some problems and finally section six provides the conclusion.

Researching Telework

2000 ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole B. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the state of the art in telework research. The author reviews the most central scholarly literature examining the phenomenon of telework (also called home-based work or telecommuting) and develops a framework for organizing this body of work. She organizes previous research on telework into six major thematic concerns relating to the definition, measurement, and scope of telework; management of teleworkers; travel-related impacts of telework; organizational culture and employee isolation; boundaries between “home” and “work” and the impact of telework on the individual and the family. Areas for future research are suggested.

scholarly journals Designing and Piloting a Tool for the Measurement of the Use of Pronunciation Learning Strategies

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Point Of Departure

Despite the fact that the last few years have witnessed a growth of interest in pronunciation learning strategies (PLS) (e.g. Petersen 2000; Pawlak 2008a; Wrembel 2008), this line of inquiry still remains neglected and is in urgent need of further empirical investigation. This is because the available research findings are primarily confined to the identification and description of the strategic devices that learners draw upon in their attempts to learn the various segmental and suprasegmental features, with only a handful of studies addressing such issues as the factors influencing PLS choice and use, the impact of proficiency levels or the value of strategies-based instruction in this area. Another problem is related to the use of diverging research methodologies and data collection tools, which renders it impossible to make comparisons between various studies, view their results in a cumulative way and arrive at conclusions concerning the effectiveness of specific strategies used by learners. What appears to be indispensable to drive the field forward and ensure that research findings will be comparable across studies and provide a sound basis for feasible pedagogic proposals is to draw up a classification of PLS and design on that basis a valid and reliable data collection tool which could be employed to measure the use of these strategies in different groups of learners, correlate it with individual and contextual variables, and appraise the effects of training programs. In accordance with this rationale, the present paper represents an attempt to propose a tentative categorization of pronunciation learning strategies, adopting as a point of reference the existing taxonomies of strategic devices (i.e. O'Malley and Chamot 1990; Oxford 1990) and the instructional options teachers have at their disposal when dealing with elements of this language subsystem (e.g. Kelly 2000; Goodwin 2001). It also introduces a research instrument designed on the basis of the classification that shares a number of characteristics with Oxford's (1990) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning but, in contrast to it, includes both Likert-scale and open-ended items. The findings of a pilot study which involved 80 English Department students demonstrate that although the tool requires considerable refinement, it provides a useful point of departure for future research into PLS.

scholarly journals The Impact of e-Skills on the Settlement of Iranian Refugees in Australia

10.28945/3704 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 059-077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shariati ◽  
Jocelyn Armarego ◽  
Fay Sudweeks
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
The Impact

Aim/Purpose: The research investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Iranian refugees’ settlement in Australia. Background: The study identifies the issues of settlement, such as language, cultural and social differences. Methodology: The Multi-Sited Ethnography (MSE), which is a qualitative methodology, has been used with a thematic analysis drawing on a series of semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants (51 Iranian refugees and 55 people with a role in assisting refugees). Contribution: The research findings may enable the creation of a model for use by the Aus-tralian Government with Iranian refugees. Findings: The findings show the vital role ICT play in refugees’ ongoing day-to-day life towards settlement. Recommendations for Practitioners: The results from this paper could be generalised to other groups of refugees in Australia and also could be used for Iranian refugees in other countries. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers may use a similar study for refugees of different backgrounds in Australia and around the world. Impact on Society: ICT may assist refugees to become less isolated, less marginalized and part of mainstream society. Future Research: Future research could look into the digital divide between refugees in Australia and main stream Australians.

scholarly journals Deepfake-Image Anti-Forensics with Adversarial Examples Attacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Li Fan ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xiaohui Cui
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Poisson Noise ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Generalization Performance ◽  
Image Forensic ◽  
Adversarial Examples ◽  
Adversarial Example ◽  
The Impact

Many deepfake-image forensic detectors have been proposed and improved due to the development of synthetic techniques. However, recent studies show that most of these detectors are not immune to adversarial example attacks. Therefore, understanding the impact of adversarial examples on their performance is an important step towards improving deepfake-image detectors. This study developed an anti-forensics case study of two popular general deepfake detectors based on their accuracy and generalization. Herein, we propose the Poisson noise DeepFool (PNDF), an improved iterative adversarial examples generation method. This method can simply and effectively attack forensics detectors by adding perturbations to images in different directions. Our attacks can reduce its AUC from 0.9999 to 0.0331, and the detection accuracy of deepfake images from 0.9997 to 0.0731. Compared with state-of-the-art studies, our work provides an important defense direction for future research on deepfake-image detectors, by focusing on the generalization performance of detectors and their resistance to adversarial example attacks.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity of Microgrid: State-of-the-Art Review and Possible Directions of Future Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9812
Author(s):  
Norziana Jamil ◽  
Qais Saif Qassim ◽  
Farah Aqilah Bohani ◽  
Muhamad Mansor ◽  
Vigna Kumaran Ramachandaramurthy
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

The infrastructure of and processes involved in a microgrid electrical system require advanced technology to facilitate connection among its various components in order to provide the intelligence and automation that can benefit users. As a consequence, the microgrid has vulnerabilities that can expose it to a wide range of attacks. If they are not adequately addressed, these vulnerabilities may have a destructive impact on a country’s critical infrastructure and economy. While the impact of exploiting vulnerabilities in them is understood, research on the cybersecurity of microgrids is inadequate. This paper provides a comprehensive review of microgrid cybersecurity. In particular, it (1) reviews the state-of-the-art microgrid electrical systems, communication protocols, standards, and vulnerabilities while highlighting prevalent solutions to cybersecurity-related issues in them; (2) provides recommendations to enhance the security of these systems by segregating layers of the microgrid, and (3) identifies the gap in research in the area, and suggests directions for future work to enhance the cybersecurity of microgrids.

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