scholarly journals Impact of Conversion to Organic Tea Cultivation on Household Income in the Mountainous Areas of Northern Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Doanh ◽  
Nguyen Thuong ◽  
Yoon Heo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Organic Tea ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Government

This study aims at determining if organic tea farming results in higher net income than conventional tea farming in the mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam. Our sample includes 226 traditional and 319 organic tea-producing households in the provinces of Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho, Ha Giang, and Lai Chau. Using a propensity score matching approach, the study finds that the adoption of organic tea production had a positive impact on households’ farm income in the study area. Using different matching algorithms, organic tea adopters earned higher income than did non-adopters, from 1038.8 to 1059.0 thousand Vietnamese Dong (VND) per hectare of cultivation plot. To increase conversion to organic tea farming amongst smallholder farmers, the government and other stakeholders should aim to provide better extension services, which incorporate relevant training to farmers and better access to information on organic tea production, as well as encouraging the commercialization of organic fertilizers. Simultaneously, the Vietnamese government should introduce mechanisms to coordinate production activities and deliver tea products to processing and/or marketing facilities.

scholarly journals Factors That Matter for Financial Inclusion: Evidence from Sub-Sharan Africa - The Zimbabwe Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
David Mhlanga
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Hand Off ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government

The study intended to investigate the factors that are important in influencing the financial inclusion of smallholder farming households in Sub-Saharan Africa with a specific focus on Zimbabwe. Motivated by the fact that there is an increase in the evidence of the importance of financial inclusion in fighting poverty and the fact that by merely having a bank account, financial inclusion cannot be guaranteed, the study went further to interrogate factors that influence smallholder farmers to have a transaction account, to borrow and to have insurance. Since the dependent variable of financial inclusion had more than two categories, with three unordered categories, transaction account, savings/credit account, and insurance, the multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the determinants of financial inclusion from these three categories of the dependent variable. The multinomial logit model results, with insurance as the reference category, indicated that the size of the household, transaction costs, gender and agricultural extension service were the factors influencing the demand for a household to open a transaction account. On the other hand, off-farm income and age of the household were the only two factors significantly influencing households to borrow. Therefore, it is imperative for, the government of Zimbabwe to come up with more policies that encourage farmers to participate in the formal financial market as financial inclusion can help to fight poverty and the general developments of societies.   Received: 28 April 2021 / Accepted: 31 August 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

A Behavioural Explanation of Smallholder Entrepreneurship with Empirical Evidence from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortunate Nosisa Zaca ◽  
Edilegnaw Wale ◽  
Unity Chipfupa
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Entrepreneurial Spirit ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Social Grant ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the impact of social grant dependence on on-farm entrepreneurial spirit of smallholders. A sample of 175 farmers was obtained from two communities in KwaZulu-Natal. The study employed Principal Components Analysis and Tobit regression. The entrepreneurial spirit indices were constructed from revealed preference-based questions. The study found a positive relationship between the social grant and on-farm entrepreneurial spirit. The positive impact on rural household farming activities implies that the prevailing low entrepreneurial levels among farmers are not the result of social grant dependence but lack of opportunity and other resource constraints. However, to remain effective, policy should ensure that the grant money benefits (directly/indirectly) the intended beneficiary and their households. The other factors found to be associated with on-farm entrepreneurship include age of the farmer, gender, psychological capital, access to training, access to education, access to land, inadequate farming assets, water insecurity, extension, off-farm income and group membership. The study also recommends the need for strategies that improve psychological capital and thus enhance positive on-farm entrepreneurial behaviour among smallholder farmers. Addressing institutional and farming constraints related to access to resources and services (land, credit, extension, and water) and collective action will positively contribute to on-farm entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Environmental protection and pollution prevention: What determines the intention of tea farmers’ ecosystem construction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ShaLou ◽  
Bingru Zhang ◽  
Dehua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Private Credit ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Government

Abstract Pesticide is inevitable in the process of tea production. Residual chemical pesticides absorbed by human body and soil will pose a great threat to human health. The construction of tea garden ecosystem that uses the principle of mutual restriction between species can effectively reduce the number of pests and the dependence on pesticides. In order to improve the adoption and attention of green production among farmers, the government strongly supports rural financial institutions to lend to farmers and encourages resources to be inclined to farmers. The aim of this study was to find out what factors affect the intention of tea farmers’ ecosystem construction and the differences of influence on intention of Chinese tea farmers' ecosystem construction under different financing modes. The results of the empirical research showed that the attitude, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms of tea farmers have a significant positive impact on the behavioral intention. And for tea farmers who get bank financing, the influencing intensity and significance of factors are different from those who obtain private credit. This study provided a theoretical basis for government to promote the development of ecosystem construction in the agricultural section, and put forward suggestions for financial institutions to serve environmental protection.

scholarly journals Determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among high external input technology farms in a harsh macroeconomic environment of Imo state, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (60) ◽  
pp. 8238-8248
Author(s):  
SO Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Negative Sign ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Imo State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Macroeconomic Environment

The main purpose of this study was to isolate and discuss the determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity in an environment where policy on subsidy of fertilizer is inconsistent. The study examined determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among HEIT farmers in Imo State, in order to provide information on those variables that play significant roles in determining the aggregate agricultural productivity in an environment where HEIT inputs such as inorganic fertilizer are not subsidized. Cross - sectional data generated from 80 smallholder farmers who practiced HEIT, randomly selected from 2 out of the 3 agricultural zones in Imo State were used. Multiple regressions was used in analyzing the data. Results showed that farm sizes, capital input, number of crops planted in a mixture in the farm, labour input, expenditure on planting materials, non farm income, distance to the nearest market, level of education and farming experience are the statistically significant determinants of aggregate agricultural productivity among HEIT users in a harsh macroeconomic environment of Imo State, Nigeria. The negative sign on man days of labour and expenditure on planting materials may suggest that a reduction in the current level of use of these inputs may increase aggregate agricultural productivity in Imo state. The negative sign associated with non farm income may imply that if more time is allotted to non farm activities less time would be available for allocation to farming activities which may reduce aggregate agricultural productivity. It is, therefore, recommended that appropriate policies be put in place by the government to increase the farm sizes through re-examination of the existing land laws. Credit liberalization in favour of HEIT farmers is expected to increase their labour and capital inputs while mass literacy and increase in extension contacts will increase their level of education. Credit facilities for the smallholder farmers should be skewed in favour of farmers with more years of farming experience and levels of education. Furthermore, improved planting materials should be made available to the HEIT smallholder farmers in the country, if aggregate agricultural productivity is to be increased under the prevailing macroeconomic environment.

EFFICIENCY OF IRRIGATED AND RAIN-FED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) PRODUCERS IN FADAMA AGRICULTURE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 597-609
Author(s):  
PATIENCE IFEYINWA OPATA ◽  
NOBLE JACKSON NWEZE ◽  
ADAKU BRIGET EZEIBE ◽  
MAMUN MALLAM
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government

SUMMARYGiven the importance of irrigation for rice production, this study compared the technical efficiency of irrigated and rain-fed rice (Oryza sativa) farms in the Upper Niger River Basin and Rural Development Authority (UNRBDA), Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 300 irrigators and 325 rain-fed rice producers. Applying the stochastic frontier Cobb–Douglas production function, net income analysis and Likert scale rating techniques, the study found that irrigated scheme increased marginal factor productivity and profitability. The study revealed the existence of large technical inefficiency in rain-fed farms when compared with irrigated farms. This suggests that there is room for output gains through technical efficiency improvement in the rain-fed system. The mean value of the marginal physical product of inputs (VMPPX) in the irrigated farms (₦2.32) was more than that of rain-fed farm (₦1.67). Thus, if the average producers in the rain-fed are to achieve the technical efficiency level of the average producer in the irrigated farms, they can realize 38% output gains. Similarly, the mean net farm income (NFI) of ₦62,280.00 per ha in the irrigated farm was more than double of that of rain-fed farms ₦22,391.00. The partial regression coefficients for the individual production factors (β1) and (β3) for labour input (X1) and other variable inputs (X3), respectively, were positive and significant at 1% level, suggesting that the partial elasticity of crop output with respect to labour and other costs was higher in the irrigated farms than in the rain-fed farms. The Likert scale rating techniques showed that the poor knowledge of irrigation techniques, insufficient water for irrigation during the dry season, high cost of labour and lack of access to credit were the critical constraints preventing the rain-fed rice producer from joining the irrigation scheme. In view of this, rice irrigators should be encouraged to train more rain-fed farmers on some rudiments of irrigation techniques. They should also be linked to the sources of finance. Water Users Association (WUA) should be established in communities within the scheme areas for effective communication between farmers and the officials of the UNRBDA. Decision on the allocation of resources to Fadama sites including water should be given to WUA to strengthen the membership of the organization, while the government officials serve as supervisory and advisory body.

scholarly journals Economics of piggery enterprise in Nigeria: A case study of Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
N.A. Onyekuru ◽  
I.C. Ukwuaba ◽  
E.O. Aka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
The Government

The study examined the economics of pig enterprise in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. Despite the economic leverage and  nutritional advantages of pig, its production still remains the least when compared to other livestock sub-sector. The study specifically described the socioeconomics characteristics of pig farmers, examined the factors influencing revenue from pig production, estimated the costs and returns in pig production and examined the problems faced by pig farmers in the area. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used in the selection of 60 farmers for the study. Primary data were collected from the selected farmers with the aid of structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, net income and multiple regression models. Results showed that majority of the respondents (85%) were male, married (81.7%), literate (100%) with mean age and household size of 48 years and five persons, respectively. Majority (88.3%) of the respondents sourced their capital from personal savings and 95% of them had crossed breeds of pigs. The determinants of net income from pig production were  education (−0.271), cost of feed (0.687) and cost of labour (0.329). The profitability and the viability of piggery enterprise in the study area were shown by the gross margin, net farm income and the return on investment of ₦824,395.30 ($2,269.56), N747,797.42 ($2,058.69) and 0.84 (84%),  respectively. Huge capital required for the investment, inadequate extension education, high cost of feed, diseases and parasite infestation, poor farm management, high cost of veterinary services, insufficient credit facilities and subsidies, and infant mortality and cannibalism were the major constraints faced by the farmers in the piggery enterprise. The study recommends that the government and other relevant agencies should provide subsidies and make credit facilities available and accessible to pig farmers in the study area. Key words: pig production, enterprise, gross margin, profitability, Nigeria

scholarly journals Impact of high yielding wheat varieties adoption on farm income of smallholder farmers in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Regasa D. Wake ◽  
Degye G. Habteyesus
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to assess impact of adoption of high yielding wheat varieties on farm income in Mao-Komo district of Benishangul-Gumuz, Ethiopia. The study used cross-sectional data collected from sample of 174 farm households selected through two-stage stratified random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were used to analyze the data. Propensity score matching (PSM) applied to analyze the impact of adoption on farm income. The result of the PSM estimation showed that adoption of high yielding wheat varieties has significant impact on farm income of treated households as compared to the control groups. The treated households had earned farm income of about 21452 Ethiopian Birr per year while the untreated smallholders earned farm income of only 11141 Ethiopian Birr. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) of farm income of adopters is greater than non-adopters that has brought about 9 % increases in farm income of smallholders. The findings suggest that the government and stakeholders should need to focus on improving farm land and livestock productivity, strengthening the provision of education, and frequency of extension visits, encouraging participation in non-farm activities, creating reliable information and awareness towards farmers’ perceptions, and improving infrastructures in the area. Finally, further support of high yielding wheat varieties adoption should be given due attention for its impact on farm income generation of smallholders. 

scholarly journals The Social, Economics, And Finance Analysis On Profit And Loss Sharing Of Islamic Partnership (Case Study of Tobacco Bussiness in Jember Regency, Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novi Puspitasari ◽  
Hari Sukarno ◽  
Hikmah Wardatatul Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Real Cost ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
The Government ◽  
Islamic Belief

The purpose of this study are: (1) to investigate the implementation of partnerships in the VOK tobacco business in an Islamic perspective, whether include mukhabarah, muzara’ah, or musaqah contract; (2) to explore the partnership implementation of VOK tobacco business on social, economic, and finance. This study use the snowball method with in depth interview. This research captured that there are two contracts of Islamic partnership on tobacco business, namely mukhabarah and muzara'ah. The social impact is the availability of jobs for people who do not own land/rice fields, thus helping the government to reduce unemployment and create close kinship in the community. The manifestation of the economic impact is that people who do not own land can still earn income for live. This study shows that there is a difference formula in calculating the profit sharing between the net farm income (NFI) and local culture formula. The local cultural formula does not use the real cost to count the net profit which is considered injustice. It is important to note that injustice is something that is against Islamic belief. Profit-sharing ratio between landowner and land tiller is 50%: 50% of net income.

scholarly journals MEASURING FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG THE SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN ZIMBABWE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-281
Author(s):  
David Mhlanga ◽  
◽  
Steven Henry Dunga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come

The study sought to assess the levels of financial inclusion among the smallholder farmers and to investigate its determinants among the same. The study employed a household measure to measure the level of financial inclusion and multiple regression to assess the determinants of financial inclusion. The results indicated that the level of financial inclusion among the smallholder farmers was low because the percentage of households who were actively participating in the formal financial system was below 27 per cent below 50 per cent. The investigation on the driving factors of financial inclusion indicated that off-farm income, education level, distance, financial literacy and age of the household were the significant variables in explaining the determinants of financial inclusion among the smallholder farmers in Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe. Therefore, the study discovered that it is important for the government of Zimbabwe and financial institutions to form partnerships to come up with policies that ensure that smallholder farmers are included in the formal financial market and these policies should motivate households to use the formal financial services. Also, the crafted should strive to remove all the barriers to financial inclusion among the smallholder farmers. For instance, looking at farmers, many farmers are finding it difficult to access loans due to lack of collateral security, so banks need to come up with services and products that are tailor-made for the smallholder farmers especially on credit, services that allow smallholder farmers to borrow.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document