scholarly journals The Influence of Herbicide Underdosage on the Composition and Diversity of Weeds in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera D.C.) Mediterranean Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Deligios ◽  
Gianluca Carboni ◽  
Roberta Farci ◽  
Stefania Solinas ◽  
Luigi Ledda
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Weed Flora

Weed flora is considered harmful for crop growth and yield, but it is fundamental for preserving biodiversity in agroecosystems. Two three-year trials were conducted in Italy (two different sites) to assess the effect of six herbicide treatments on the weed flora structure of an oilseed rape crop. We applied metazachlor during the pre-emergence stage at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the labelled dose (M25, M50, M75, M100); trifluralin (during the first growing season); post-emergence treatment (PE); and a weedy control (W). Species richness, and diversity indices were used to characterize weed flora composition and to evaluate the effect of herbicide treatments on the considered variables. Results highlighted that the weed community is characterized by a higher diversity in underdosed than in M100 treated plots. Raphanus raphanistrum and Sinapis arvensis were the most common species in M75 and M100 treatments in both sites, while more weed species were detected in underdosed treatments and in weedy plots. The highest Shannon index values were observed in the underdosed treatments. In general, only a slightly similar trend was observed between sites, weed abundance and diversity being positively affected both by low-input herbicide management and by environmental factors (e.g., pedoclimatic situation and previous crop).

scholarly journals Summer weed species incidence in Western Australia varies between seasons

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (05) ◽  
pp. 589-594
Author(s):  
Catherine Borger ◽  
Abul Hashem ◽  
Mario D’Antuono
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Species Incidence ◽  
Weeds Control

AbstractAgronomic surveys of summer weed species are necessary to identify future research directions for optimal weed control, but usually focus on agricultural fields in a single season. To survey all species in the absence of weed control measures and determine species variability between seasons, a survey of 133 sites was conducted on roadsides adjoining agricultural fields throughout the Western Australian grainbelt in early 2015 and repeated in 2016 and 2017. The survey identified 144 species, but only 19 species were evident at more than 10% of sites. The most common species were weeping lovegrass [Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees], fleabane (Erigeron sp.), windmillgrass (Chloris truncata R. Br.), and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L). The survey highlighted that weed species incidence varied between years. For example, C. truncata incidence was 30% in 2015 and 55% in 2016, while stinkgrass [Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch.] ranged from 20% in 2015 to 50% of sites in 2017. Conversely, density of individual species on the roadside was usually low, and density remained consistent between years. The survey highlighted multiple weed species that will require further research to optimize management programs. Raphanus raphanistrum and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) in particular are an issue for growers, as these species are highly detrimental winter weeds, and the survey demonstrates that they can also be common summer weeds. Control of these species with nonselective herbicides in summer as well as winter is likely to exacerbate the development of herbicide resistance.

Impact of Weed Management Practices on Grapevine Growth and Yield Components

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo P. Sanguankeo ◽  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
Julian Malone
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Grape Yield

The need for reducing costs and making grape production more sustainable has prompted the search for alternative weed control practices that optimize production while maintaining profits. For this reason, it is imperative to understand how different weed management practices modify vine–weed interactions. In the present study, we evaluated the effect on weed growth and Zinfandel grapevine growth and production of five weed control practices: (1) flumioxazin, (2) simazine, (3) cultivation, (4) cover crop, and (5) untreated control. The herbicide treatments had the lowest weed biomass, followed by the cultivation, being approximately 10 and 2 times lower than the weed biomass of either the cover crop or untreated control treatments, respectively. However, the differences in grape yield were not as evident. In 2006, a rainy year, the herbicides and cultivation treatments did not differ in grape yield, but the cover crop and untreated control had a reduction of approximately 20% compared with the other treatments. In 2007, a dry year, in comparison to the herbicide treatments, the grape yield reductions of cultivation were around 22%, and those of the cover crop and untreated control were around 48%. Although the cover crop reduced grape yield, it suppressed weed species considered important, such as horseweed, panicle willowherb, scarlet pimpernel, and sowthistle. Also, it was concluded that vines can tolerate a certain amount of weed competition, and that properly timed postemergence control actions (e.g., cultivation or POST herbicides) could provide the necessary level of control to obtain the desired yields. However, under limited soil moisture conditions, the use of PRE herbicides could prove important to maintain vine yield and vigor.

scholarly journals Population Distribution of Wild Radish (Raphanus Raphanistrum L.) Weed and Soil Depth of Seed Bank Across Different Land-Use Types in Horro District, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geleta Shone ◽  
Fikiru Wakoya ◽  
Zerihun Jaleta ◽  
Hirpha Legese
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Flora

Abstract Background: Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) is an invasive weed in Ethiopia and hurting different land use types in the Horro district of the study area and fact, more research has not been done yet on the weed is highly infested and persisted for three decades. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the weeds flora and seed bank status across different land use types in the Horro district of western Oromia, Ethiopia. Three locations and from each location five different land use were purposively selected and a 1m2 area of quadratic sampling techniques was used to record weed flora. From each quadrat, soil samples were taken having two soil depth levels (0-15cm and >15-30cm) to evaluate the soil seed bank of weeds. Results: The data of wild radish weed in different location and different land use types both field survey and greenhouse experiments were found a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the target action of land use types but there was found no significant difference among soil depths. More all less, the highest wild radish population was recorded from grazing land land followed by wheat crop land and among the locations, Gitilo Dale has the highest weed density. Among the weed flora, again wild radish was highly dominated weed species than the other weed species in all land use types and locations. From soil seed bank status of soil depth, high weed population was recorded at 0-16cm of second season weed emergence from pot and Gitilo Dale was the highest infected location at this season, while barley crop land was the highest infected among land use types in first season of weed emergence from pot. Among the weed species were recorded from soil depth, again wild radish was highly dominated in both seasons. The population of weed flora per quadrat was directly proportion with population recorded from soil depth that emerged from pot. Conclusions: This study has highly verified that this area has highly infected by wald radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and there could be a source of weed seed. Generally, the concerned bodies should have to be given attention which should need immediate intervention strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of weed otherwise the area will be out of production soon. Therefore, an extensive integrated weed management strategies should be applied in all phases of cropping systems to sustain environment and reduce this weed in the future.

scholarly journals Weed Flora of Cherry, Walnut, Apple, Almond and Pear Orchards in Northwestern Marmara Region of Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252
Author(s):  
Bahadır Şin ◽  
Lerzan Öztürk ◽  
Nur Sivri ◽  
Gürkan Güvenç Avcı ◽  
İzzet Kadıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Weed Flora

A study covering cherry, walnut, apple, almond and pear orchards in Edirne, Kırklareli and Tekirdağ provinces was carried out in 2015-2018 with the aim of determination of weed flora, weed frequencies and densities. Total of 64 species belonging to 30 families were identified in fruit tree orchards. Among all the families the most members were in Asteraceae 13 species, Poaceae, 11 species, Brassicaceae 5 species and Lamiaceae 3 species families. The dominant weed species were Amaranthus retroflexus L., Polygonum aviculare L., Capsella-bursa pastoris L. (Medik)., Concolvulus arvensis L., Lepidium draba L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Cichorium intybus L. in Tekirdağ while Datura stramonium L. distribution in Edirne Uzunköprü and Kırklareli was remarkably high. Semi parazitic weed Viscum album and full parasite Cuscuta campestris Yunck were also detected in some orchards. V. album was widespread among pear trees while Cuscuta campestris Yunck was detected only in suckers emerged in apple and cherry orchards. According to density A. retroflexus has received the first order with 76 plant/m2, following C. album with 54 plant/m2, Lactuca serriola with 27 plant/m2, D. stramonium L. with 24 plant/m2, Portulaca oleracea with 21 plant/m2

scholarly journals Weed Control and Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Response to Mixtures of a Blended Foliar Fertilizer and Postemergence Herbicides

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Lawrence ◽  
Huntington T. Hydrick ◽  
Jason A. Bond ◽  
Bobby R. Golden ◽  
Thomas W. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Impact

Growers commonly mix foliar fertilizers with postemergence (POST) herbicides to reduce application costs and/or to decrease soybean injury. Field studies conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Stoneville, MS, evaluated the impact on weed control and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) injury, growth, and yield when combining a blended foliar fertilizer with POST herbicide applications. Herbicide treatments included no herbicide and glyphosate alone and in combination with S-metolachlor, fomesafen, or lactofen. The blended foliar fertilizer was applied at 0, 0.39, and 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1. In the Weed Control Study, 14 antagonistic effects at various evaluations were detected on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri (S.) Wats) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) control 7, 14, and 21 d after treatment (DAT) when a blended foliar fertilizer at 0.39 or 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1 was mixed with glyphosate alone or combined with S-metolachlor, fomesafen, or lactofen. Of the 14 total effects, nine were detected with foliar fertilizer at the higher rate of 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Seven antagonistic effects were detected for both weed species regardless of herbicide treatment or foliar fertilizer rate. The only treatment combination in which an antagonistic effect was not detected was glyphosate plus lactofen plus foliar fertilizer at 0.78 kg a.i. ha−1. Blended foliar fertilizer did not influence soybean injury. In the Agronomic Study, blended foliar fertilizer did not impact soybean injury, height, dry wt., nutrient conc., or yield. Foliar fertilizer in combination with POST soybean herbicides did not reduce soybean injury and produced inconsistent effects on weed control across herbicide treatments and between weed species.

Influence of NPK fertilization on weed flora in maize field

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
M. Kamuti ◽  
N. Mazsu ◽  
J. Tamás ◽  
D. Sáringer-Kenyeres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Plant nutrition is one of the most important intensification factors of crop production. The utilization of nutrients, however, may be modified by a number of production factors, including weed presence. Thus, the knowledge of occurring weed species, their abundance, nutrient and water uptake is extremely important to establish an appropriate basis for the evaluation of their risks or negative effects on crops. That is why investigations were carried out in a long-term fertilization experiment on the influence of different nutrient supplies (Ø, PK, NK, NPK) on weed flora in maize field.The weed surveys recorded similar diversity on the experimental area: the species of A. artemisiifolia, S. halepense and D. stramonium were dominant, but C. album and C. hybridum were also common. These species and H. annuus were the most abundant weeds.Based on the totalized and average data of all treatments, density followed the same tendency in the experimental years. It was the highest in the PK treated and untreated plots, and significantly exceeded the values of NK fertilized areas. Presumably the better N availability promoted the development of nitrophilic weeds, while the mortality of other small species increased.Winter wheat and maize forecrops had no visible influence on the diversity and the intensity of weediness. On the contrary, there were consistent differences in the density of certain weed species in accordance to the applied nutrients. A. artemisiifolia was present in the largest number in the untreated control and PK fertilized plots. The density of S. halepense and H. annuus was also significantly higher in the control areas. The number of their individuals was smaller in those plots where N containing fertilizers were used. Contrary to them, the density of D. stramonium, C. album and C. hybridum was the highest in the NPK treatments.

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