scholarly journals Research on the Work Process of a Station for Preparing Forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Andrzej Marczuk ◽  
Wojciech Misztal ◽  
Sergey Bulatov ◽  
Vladimir Nechayev ◽  
Petr Savinykh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Location Parameters

Forage from grain plays a special role in animal nutrition because it constitutes feed with a high content of readily available carbohydrates. Unfortunately, the equipment used to prepare forage is often manufactured without the necessary justification and confirmation of the declared sizes and indicators of the work process. This forms the basis for our theoretical and experimental studies. Research has been carried out to provide justification of the design and operating parameters of the patented station for producing forage from cereal crops. This article describes the technology for preparing forage from grain and provides a detailed description of the station used and the principle of its operation. During the experiments, we studied the influence of the angle α of setting the grid-work (plate) and the distance S from the nozzle to the grid-work on the quality of forage. Qualitative, quantitative, and energy indicators have been evaluated using up-to-date measuring instruments and equipment. The method is described, and the studied factors and evaluation criteria for the preparation of forage from grain are indicated. The forage quality results are presented, as determined by the content of whole grains in it via the residue on a sieve with a sieve size of 3 mm when preparing it with a different combination of the studied factors. The analysis of the energy consumption results of the process of preparing forage from grain under various operating conditions of the plant is shown. As a result, the optimal location parameters of the passive grinder have been found, allowing to obtain high-quality forage with minimal power consumption of the electric motor. A grid-work should be used as a grinder. Its installation angle should be 30°, and the distance between the grid-work and the nozzle should be 205 mm. With this combination of parameters, the specific energy consumption is minimal and amounts to 41.5 W·h/L.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Effect of Shearer Auger Operating Device Effective Width on Effectiveness of Loading Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
O. E. Shabaev ◽  
P. P. Zinchenko ◽  
A. V. Meznikov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effective Width ◽  
Actual Operating

Intensification of coal mining from mine seams of 0.55–1.20 m thick requires increasing efficiency of loose coal loading that may be achieved by selecting the optimal parameters of auger operating device of a shearer. The most reliable way to determine effect of the auger parameters on the energy parameters of the shearer operation is experimental research in actual operating conditions. As the subjects of the research, we selected up-to-date UKD400 and UKD200-500 shearers, operating in representative conditions of the Krasny Partizan mine of SE SVERDLOVANTRATSIT and Ternovskaya mine of DTEK PAVLOGRADUGOL PJSC. An adaptive method for specific mining operating conditions is proposed for determining the specific energy consumption of the shearers on material disruption and loading for thin seams in actual operating conditions based on fixing the values of currents of the cutting drive motors. Based on processing of the experimental data, an indicative dependence of the power for rock mass loading on the feed rate and the effective width of the operating device is determined. Increasing the auger effective width results in increasing the loading power and specific energy consumption. At the same time, the higher the shearer feed rate, the greater the growth of the loading power and specific energy consumption. This is due to the beginning of the process of loose rock mass circulation, and the larger the auger effective width, the more intensive the circulation process, and at the lower feed rate of the shearer the process starts. A method is proposed for selecting the auger optimum effective width based on the criteria of minimum specific energy consumption and maximum commercial productivity.

scholarly journals Improving the quality of milk dispersion in a counter-jet homogenizer

10.5219/1407 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 633-640
Author(s):  
Kyrylo Samoichuk ◽  
Dmytro Zhuravel ◽  
Nadiya Palyanichka ◽  
Vadim Oleksiienko ◽  
Serhii Petrychenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Fat Globules

Homogenization is a necessary process in the production of drinking milk and most dairy products. The specific energy consumption of the most common valve homogenizers reaches 8 kW h.t-1. A promising way to reduce it is the introduction of more effective counter-jet homogenizers. The purpose of these studies is to increase the efficiency of machines of this type through fuller use of their kinetic energy. To achieve this, the design of a ring reflector was developed and experimental studies were carried out to determine its influence on the efficiency of milk fat dispersion in a counter-jet homogenizer. Calculations were made to determine the reflector’s design parameters. An installation for experimental research has been developed, in which the required milk pressure is created with the help of compressed carbon dioxide. The dispersive indices of the milk emulsion were determined by computer analysis of milk sample micrographs obtained with an optical microscope and a digital camera using Microsoft Office Excel and Microsoft Visual Studio C# software using the OpenCV Sharp library. As a result of research, the formula for defining the angle of the reflector top has been determined analytically. Experimental studies proved its validity and allowed determination of the optimal diameter. A comparison of the dependence of the degree of homogenization on the excess pressure in a counter-jet homogenizer proves a 15 – 20% increase in the degree of dispersion when using a reflector. At the same time, specific energy consumption does not increase. Comparison of the distribution curves of milk fat globules by size after counter-jet homogenization and homogenization with a reflector suggests that the average diameter of fat globules for the experimental method decreases from 0.99 to 0.83 μm. This indicates the high quality of the dispersal characteristics of the milk emulsion after processing in a counter-jet homogenizer with a reflector.

scholarly journals Energetic and exergetic analysis of a convective drier: A case study of potato drying process

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
Iman Golpour ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Reza Amiri Chayjan ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Exergy Losses

AbstractThis research work focused on the evaluation of energy and exergy in the convective drying of potato slices. Experiments were conducted at four air temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70°C) and three air velocities (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s) in a convective dryer, with circulating heated air. Freshly harvested potatoes with initial moisture content (MC) of 79.9% wet basis were used in this research. The influence of temperature and air velocity was investigated in terms of energy and exergy (energy utilization [EU], energy utilization ratio [EUR], exergy losses and exergy efficiency). The calculations for energy and exergy were based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Results indicated that EU, EUR and exergy losses decreased along drying time, while exergy efficiency increased. The specific energy consumption (SEC) varied from 1.94 × 105 to 3.14 × 105 kJ/kg. The exergy loss varied in the range of 0.006 to 0.036 kJ/s and the maximum exergy efficiency obtained was 85.85% at 70°C and 0.5 m/s, while minimum exergy efficiency was 57.07% at 40°C and 1.5 m/s. Moreover, the values of exergetic improvement potential (IP) rate changed between 0.0016 and 0.0046 kJ/s and the highest value occurred for drying at 70°C and 1.5 m/s, whereas the lowest value was for 70°C and 0.5 m/s. As a result, this knowledge will allow the optimization of convective dryers, when operating for the drying of this food product or others, as well as choosing the most appropriate operating conditions that cause the reduction of energy consumption, irreversibilities and losses in the industrial convective drying processes.

scholarly journals Assessment of vehicle brake control functional stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Volkov ◽  
◽  
Igor Gritsuk ◽  
Tetiana Volkova ◽  
Volodymyr Kuzhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Friction Surfaces

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the brake control elements of passenger vehicles on the stability of their braking properties. The analysis of the influence of uneven braking forces on the wheels of one axle of vehicles on the deviation of the distribution of braking forces between the axles from its calculated value is carried out. When assessing the error in regulating the distribution of braking forces between the axles of vehicles, three components were taken into account: the theoretical error due to the imperfection of the selected control method (the difference between the actual calculated control characteristic from the ideal), the error created due to the instability of the ratio of the braking forces on the front and rear wheels, an additional error caused by the unevenness of the braking forces on the wheels of individual axles, since the fulfillment of the most stringent requirements of international and national standards for the efficiency of braking of vehicles and is inextricably linked with the need to increase the energy consumption of brake mechanisms. The energy consumption of braking mechanisms is understood as the ability of the latter to dissipate the greatest amount of energy of the braking machine without reducing the braking efficiency indicators to the minimum permissible level. Excessive heating of the braking mechanisms leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient μ of the friction surfaces and increased wear of the friction linings, and the brakes are the most unstable element of the braking control, which ensures the absorption and dissipation of the vehicle's energy during braking. The instability of the braking torques on the front and rear wheels, caused by a change in the coefficients of friction of friction pairs, leads not only to a change in the distribution of braking forces between the axles and individual wheels, but also to a decrease in the braking efficiency of vehicles under operating conditions. A method is proposed that makes it possible to assess the quality of regulation of the distribution of braking forces between the axles of a car, taking into account the instability of the braking forces on the wheels.

Conduction Roaster for Accelerated Roasting of Peanut

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 112-123
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Raigar ◽  
Hari Niwas Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Roasting Temperature

Roasting is one of the thermo-mechanical operation in cereals and oilseeds processing. Low-capacity machine for mechanisation of roasting is necessary for small-scale processing. A conduction-type motorised rotary roaster (8 kg per batch) was designed and developed for roasting of peanuts. Performance of the roaster was evaluated in terms of moisture loss, scorched kernels, and specific energy consumption for accelerated roasting of peanut. The effects of different roasting conditions were studied to determine the optimum operating conditions of the roaster. Quality indices of peanuts as moisture loss (kg.kg-1), scorched kernel (%), and specific energy consumption (kWh.kg-1) were dependent on the operating conditions. The optimum value of moisture loss (0.041± 0.003 kg.kg-1), scorched kernel (0.93± 0.0.004 % ), and specific energy consumption (0.185 ± 0.005 kWh.kg-1) were obtained at roasting temperature of 170°C, roasting time of 15 min, and rotational speed of 20 rpm for roasting peanut. The roasting characteristics of peanut decreased linearly with increase in the temperature and time; and decrease in the rotational speed. The inferior quality parameters were observed at higher temperatures, speed and medium time of roasting. The study indicated optimum roasting temperature of peanut to be 170°C, and further increase in the process temperature had undesirable effects on roasted peanut quality due to high loss of moisture.

Membrane Distillation Desalination System With Gap Circulation and Cooling Using a Built-in Heat Exchanger

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atia E. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Feed Temperature

Abstract A comprehensive experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the performance of a new flux-enhanced compact water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) module design with gap circulation and cooling for water desalination. The new design uses a separate circulation loop to circulate the gap water, and a built-in heat exchanger coil implanted inside the coolant stream channel for cooling the circulated gap water. The WGMD modules with circulation and with circulation and cooling are compared with conventional WGMD without circulation. Variations of distillate flux, temperatures, and energy consumption are presented at different design operating conditions. Circulation and cooling of the gap water greatly enhance the output flux due to gap water motion and increase the temperature difference between membrane surfaces. However, the enhancement in flux was achieved at the expense of energy consumption. Circulation and cooling of gap water are more effective with bigger gap widths. Feed flowrate showed significant effects with gap water circulation and cooling. The electrical specific energy consumption (SEC) showed the best value of 7.9 and 8.8 kWh/m3 at a feed temperature of 70 °C for both conventional WGMD and WGMD with circulation modules, while the best value of SEC for the WGMD module with gap circulation and cooling was 9.4 kWh/m3 at a feed temperature of 80 °C.

Research of extrusion’s process of feed-stuff for fish

10.12737/6503 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Рудой ◽  
Dmitriy Rudoy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

This article discusses a study of extrusion’s process of feed-stuff for fish on the developed two-screw extruder. The main technological requirements of fodder-stuff for fish was determined. The results of experimental studies were described, the relation of the specific energy consumption of the temperature and humidity of feed-stuff was defined. The obtained results show that the specific energy intensity of the two-screw extruder is lower than with other devices for the production of fodder-stuff for fish.

Energy efficiency in membrane bioreactors

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2685-2691 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Barillon ◽  
S. Martin Ruel ◽  
C. Langlais ◽  
V. Lazarova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Design Loads ◽  
Operation Parameters ◽  
Energy Audits

Energy consumption remains the key factor for the optimisation of the performance of membrane bioreactors (MBRs). This paper presents the results of the detailed energy audits of six full-scale MBRs operated by Suez Environnement in France, Spain and the USA based on on-site energy measurement and analysis of plant operation parameters and treatment performance. Specific energy consumption is compared for two different MBR configurations (flat sheet and hollow fibre membranes) and for plants with different design, loads and operation parameters. The aim of this project was to understand how the energy is consumed in MBR facilities and under which operating conditions, in order to finally provide guidelines and recommended practices for optimisation of MBR operation and design to reduce energy consumption and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Optimization of Parameters and Operating Modes of Disc Sowing Device According to Seeding Uniformity Criterion

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Mikhail N. Chatkin ◽  
Alena V. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Uniformity Criterion

Introduction. When cultivating agricultural crops, it is necessary to take into account the plants’ need for moisture, nutrients, location by area of nutrition, determining illumination, etc. Taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, various methods of sowing are used to create favorable conditions for plant growth and development. An important condition for sowing is the uniform arrangement of seeds along the sulcus, especially in the cultivation of testes of small-seeded cultures. A key role in the uniformity of seeding is provided by the design parameters and kinematic operating conditions of the sowing device. Materials and Methods. To determine the optimal parameters and operating modes of the disk sowing device, methods of factor experiment and multi-criteria optimization were used. Results. Mathematical models of the technological process of sowing seeds were obtained based of experimental studies. Conclusions. To ensure the improvement of the seeding quality of small seeds, the design parameters of the experimental seeder: х4 – is the diameter of the cell; х5 – the number of cells on the disk, will tend to the maximum values. The optimum circumferential speed of the sowing disk should be in the range from 0.127 to 0.192 m/s, and the speed of the machine’s movement is no more than 2 m/s.

scholarly journals SI engine performance, lubricant oil deterioration, and emission: A comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402093045
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Wajid Saleem ◽  
Syed Saqib ◽  
Jamal Umer ◽  
Ahmad Naveed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Brake Power

Considering the importance of alternative fuels in IC engines for environment safety, compressed natural gas has been extensively employed in SI engines. However, scarce efforts have been made to investigate the effect of compressed natural gas on engine lubricant oil for a long duration. In this regard, a comprehensive analysis has been made on the engine performance, emissions, and lubricant oil conditions using gasoline ( G)92 and compressed natural gas at different operating conditions using reliable sampling methods. The key parameters of the engine performance like brake power and brake-specific energy consumption were investigated at 80% throttle opening within 1500–4500 range of r/min. For the sake of emission tests, speed was varied uniformly by varying the load at a constant throttle. Furthermore, the engine was run at high and low loads for lubricant oil comparison. Although compressed natural gas showed a decrease in brake-specific energy consumption (7.94%) and emissions content, ( G)92 performed relatively better in the case of brake power (39.93% increase). Moreover, a significant improvement was observed for wear debris, lubricant oil physiochemical characteristics, and additives depletion in the case of compressed natural gas than those of ( G)92. The contents of metallic particles were decreased by 23.58%, 36.25%, 42.42%, and 66.67% for iron, aluminum, copper, and lead, respectively, for compressed natural gas.

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