scholarly journals Optimization of Parameters and Operating Modes of Disc Sowing Device According to Seeding Uniformity Criterion

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Mikhail N. Chatkin ◽  
Alena V. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Uniformity Criterion

Introduction. When cultivating agricultural crops, it is necessary to take into account the plants’ need for moisture, nutrients, location by area of nutrition, determining illumination, etc. Taking into account the biological characteristics of crops, various methods of sowing are used to create favorable conditions for plant growth and development. An important condition for sowing is the uniform arrangement of seeds along the sulcus, especially in the cultivation of testes of small-seeded cultures. A key role in the uniformity of seeding is provided by the design parameters and kinematic operating conditions of the sowing device. Materials and Methods. To determine the optimal parameters and operating modes of the disk sowing device, methods of factor experiment and multi-criteria optimization were used. Results. Mathematical models of the technological process of sowing seeds were obtained based of experimental studies. Conclusions. To ensure the improvement of the seeding quality of small seeds, the design parameters of the experimental seeder: х4 – is the diameter of the cell; х5 – the number of cells on the disk, will tend to the maximum values. The optimum circumferential speed of the sowing disk should be in the range from 0.127 to 0.192 m/s, and the speed of the machine’s movement is no more than 2 m/s.

Development of High-Loaded, Low-Speed Spiroid Gearboxes

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Goldfarb ◽  
V. M. Spiridonov ◽  
N. S. Golubkov
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Angular Range ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Gear Design ◽  
Gear Mesh ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Spiroid Gear

Abstract Actuator rotation sometimes is required to transmit considerable torques at low speeds in a limited angular range. Such operating conditions are typical, for example, for the rotational drives of gas pipeline stop valves. These conditions are made worse by increased torques requried at the initial instant of motion when the torque is 1.3 to 1.5 times greater than the nominal torque, and by the range of operating temperatures of −60°C to +50°C. A number of gearboxes with a spiroid gear mesh were developed to satisfy these conditions for different torques (i.e. for different standard stop valves), with the steel spiroid pair case-hardened to 60–62 hardness Rc. A set of numerical studies had been conducted in order to choose gear design parameters and other elements of the gearbox. Experimental research performed using special testing rigs for definite operating modes showed high reliability and wear resistance of the drives developed and their high durability compared to known ones which is of great importance for given application domain.

scholarly journals The results of studies of eccentric tillage roller

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00010
Author(s):  
Ivan Sharonov ◽  
Vladimir Kurdyumov ◽  
Viktor Kurushin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Required Quality

Developed by eccentric tillage rink, which ensures the desired quality of the soil and increase the yield of crops. As a result of theoretical studies, an expression for determining the dynamic force that increases the intensity of crumbling soil lumps, depending on the regime parameters of the rink. In addition, the relationship between the power required when driving the rink, its parameters. The factors influencing the process of tillage by the developed roller are determined. As a criterion of optimization, the adopted coefficient of compliance with for the density soil of benchmark, which characterizes the quality of soil rolling from the position of compliance of soil density with agrotechnical requirements. As a result of experimental studies, the parameters and operating modes of the roller are optimized, at which the required quality of soil treatment is achieved.

scholarly journals New process for fluffing rotted straw

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
A.N. Zintsov ◽  
◽  
V.N. Sokolov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
New Process ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Flax Straw ◽  
State Agricultural Academy

The results of scientific research and practical experience of flax-growing farms have shown that the process of dew preparation of trusts occurs unevenly along the thickness of the stem layer. With prolonged bad weather, flax stalks sprout with grass and are nailed to the soil by rains. In this state, the lower stems in the layer rot and the quality of fibrous products is markedly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically wrap or fluff the tapes of the stems. Currently, on the country's farms, flax growers prefer fluffing flax-straw belts due to the high productivity and reliable operation of machines in the field. However, existing fluffers confuse the stems and increase their elongation. The authors note that the resulting large disorientation and excessive elongation of the stems in the layer are the main reasons for the low yield of long fiber in the flax mill. Taking into account the indicated problem, the scientists of Kostroma State Agricultural Academy proposed a fundamental-ly new process of fluffing rotted straw and developed a machine for its implementation. The ma-chine ensures the maximum preservation of the initial values of the structural parameters of the stem layer. The article describes the device and the principle of operation of the new two-line fluffer for flax-straw belts, describes the methodology for substantiating its operating modes and the re sults of experimental studies. At the same time, it was found that when the prototype of the fluffer is operating on flax-growing belts sprouted by grass and nailed by rain, it is necessary to set the pick-up drum in such a position in which its fingers will penetrate into the soil to a depth of at least 1.0 ... 2.0 cm. The possibility of increasing the forward speed of the unit movement to 3.1 m / s and more without a noticeable decrease in the quality of its operation was also revealed.

scholarly journals THERMAL MODEL OF THE "INDUCTION GENERATOR–INDUCTION MOTOR" SYSTEM WITH NON–SYMMETRY IN THE STATOR WINDINGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (53) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
V. Chenchevoi ◽  
◽  
Iu. Zachepa ◽  
O. Chornyi ◽  
R. Yatsiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Asynchronous Motor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Thermal Transients ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Stator Windings ◽  
Asynchronous Generator

Purpose. Development of the IG model for estimation of influence of variations of parameters of the generator on quality of process of self–excitation at definition of the basic and boundary operating modes and system of initial excitation at invariable parameters of the generator. Result. The article presents studies of the system "asynchronous generator-asynchronous motor" with parametric asymmetry to determine the quality of generated electricity in load modes of operation on a mathematical model. The assessment of the thermal state in steady-state conditions was carried out using an equivalent thermal equivalent circuit. Thermal transients were investigated when starting an asynchronous electric motor from an autonomous power source based on an asynchronous generator. On a thermal mathematical model, a study of the influence of the asymmetry of the output voltage and its deviation from the nominal value on the heating of the connected asynchronous motor was carried out. A regression model has been developed for studying the operating conditions of electricity consumers when powered by an asynchronous generator with an asymmetry of the stator windings. Practical value. The use of the obtained equations will make it possible to determine the most rational combination of factors affecting the heating of the stator windings of asynchronous machines, at which they will not overheat in excess of the maximum permissible temperature values of the corresponding insulation classes. Figures 9, tables 2, references 23.

EXPANSION OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HARROWING UNIT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (142) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Slepenkov ◽  
◽  
Sergey Kulinchenko ◽  
Sergey Shchitov ◽  
Evgeniy Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Priority Direction

Improving the quality of pre-sowing tillage is a priority direction. Harrowing with the use of heavy disc harrows is one of the operations of pre-sowing tillage. An important task when using heavy disc harrows is to ensure sufficient load on the working body. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the efficiency of the harrowing process by adjusting the coupling weight in the tractor-harrow link using special devices. (Materials and methods) It is important to match the necessary condition of balance between the load on the working body and the traction qualities of the tractor with a low load-bearing capacity of the soil. The article describes a regulator of the coupling weight of the harrowing unit, for which was applied a patent. The article presents the general types of connection of the device with the disk harrow frame. (Results and discussion) The proposed device allows you to redistribute the weight of the unit, thereby automatically changing the load on the working body. Authors performed experimental studies on the influence of the main design parameters of the devices on the operation of the machine and tractor unit. (Conclusions) The proposed device allows, by expanding the design and technological parameters, to regulate the depth of processing, traction characteristics and speed of the harrowing unit.

scholarly journals Research on the Work Process of a Station for Preparing Forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Andrzej Marczuk ◽  
Wojciech Misztal ◽  
Sergey Bulatov ◽  
Vladimir Nechayev ◽  
Petr Savinykh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Location Parameters

Forage from grain plays a special role in animal nutrition because it constitutes feed with a high content of readily available carbohydrates. Unfortunately, the equipment used to prepare forage is often manufactured without the necessary justification and confirmation of the declared sizes and indicators of the work process. This forms the basis for our theoretical and experimental studies. Research has been carried out to provide justification of the design and operating parameters of the patented station for producing forage from cereal crops. This article describes the technology for preparing forage from grain and provides a detailed description of the station used and the principle of its operation. During the experiments, we studied the influence of the angle α of setting the grid-work (plate) and the distance S from the nozzle to the grid-work on the quality of forage. Qualitative, quantitative, and energy indicators have been evaluated using up-to-date measuring instruments and equipment. The method is described, and the studied factors and evaluation criteria for the preparation of forage from grain are indicated. The forage quality results are presented, as determined by the content of whole grains in it via the residue on a sieve with a sieve size of 3 mm when preparing it with a different combination of the studied factors. The analysis of the energy consumption results of the process of preparing forage from grain under various operating conditions of the plant is shown. As a result, the optimal location parameters of the passive grinder have been found, allowing to obtain high-quality forage with minimal power consumption of the electric motor. A grid-work should be used as a grinder. Its installation angle should be 30°, and the distance between the grid-work and the nozzle should be 205 mm. With this combination of parameters, the specific energy consumption is minimal and amounts to 41.5 W·h/L.

scholarly journals OPTIMAL CONTROL OF THE TRACTOR MOVEMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kalinin ◽  
◽  
M. Myasushka
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Logic Device ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
The Right

Goal of the study. Assessment of the possibility of optimizing tractor control by methods of automatic search for the optimum point. To achieve this goal, you must complete the following tasks: – to analyze the operating conditions of the tractor unit with the determination of the force factors affecting its operating conditions; – to develop a scheme and algorithm for the operation of the extreme regulator and analyze its functioning. Research methods. Analytical studies are based on methods of optimization of power factors acting on a tractor. The results of the study. An automatic regulator is considered, which provides an optimal ratio of the engine speed and the transmission gear ratio for each speed. The logic device generates a signal to change the power train ratio. The required travel speed of the tractor unit is set by the operator using the speed regulator. Changing the gear ratio changes the speed of the tractor. The signal of the deviation of the speed of movement, after amplification, provides an effect on the fuel supply and, by changing the revolutions of the crankshaft of the engine, brings the actual speed of the tractor to the set one. In the control system, the measurement of the amount of fuel consumed by the engine is carried out by a flow meter, and the measurement is carried out at certain intervals, and the current value is compared with the previous one. Reducing fuel consumption means that the influence on the change in gear ratio has been chosen in the right direction. Conclusions. The paper proposes a self-adjusting system. In a theoretical study of the possibility of optimal control of the tractor movement, equations are determined that are easily solved by the graphical analytical method. The graphical plotting determines the time the system reaches the optimal mode. The considered example of regulation of the power drive and the tractor engine does not exhaust the scope of application of self-adjusting systems. The operating modes of a number of units, as well as some interrelationships of design parameters, have static characteristics that ensure widespread use of these systems.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the presence and parameters of seed guides in the openers, which increase the quality of sowing and yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1(112)) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Alexander Nanka ◽  
Ivan Morozov ◽  
Vladimir Morozov ◽  
Mykola Krekot ◽  
Anatolii Poliakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Reference Plane ◽  
Grain Flow ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Inclined Surface ◽  
Analytical Expressions

One of the promising methods for improving the uniformity of seed distribution in the soil is the control of the grain flow by guiding elements in the openers. This creates favorable conditions for the flight of seeds in the openers and when leaving them backwards, which equalizes the speed, in modulus, of seeds and the unit, improves the uniformity of their distribution in the soil. The presence and parameters of the guiding elements of the openers was theoretically substantiated, which gave the development of the process of controlling the grain flow in the openers and at the exit from them by using the guiding elements. Analytical expressions have been obtained to determine the characteristics of the movement of particles on various surfaces, which are recommended to be used for guides in the openers. Experimental studies have shown that openers with guides reduce the coefficient of variation along the row by 20 ... 45% and have it 88 ... 98%, and in depth - 24 ... 27%. On the basis of experiments, it is recommended that 3 ... 4 guides are recommended for front openers (arithmetic mean interval along the row 18.5 ... 23.5 mm, coefficient of variation 88 ... 98%). The advantage of the experimental opener in the distribution of seeds by depth is due to the use of guide elements in combination with an improved soil shedding process. This eliminated the technological drawback - the formation of a sub-opener inclined surface (arithmetic mean interval 42 ... 37 mm, coefficient of variation 24 ... 27%). For a double disc opener, an improved guide is recommended, the bottom edge of which protrudes 2 cm in front of the vertical diameter of the discs and is located at a distance of 9 cm from the reference plane. The arithmetic mean spacing along the row of this opener is 15 mm, the coefficient of variation is 106%.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕРМОІМПУЛЬСНОГО ОЧИЩЕННЯ ПОВЕРХОНЬ І КРОМОК ДЕТАЛЕЙ ВІД ЗАБРУДНЕНЬ ПІСЛЯ МЕХАНІЧНОЇ ОБРОБКИ

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Алексей Васильевич Лосев ◽  
Игорь Валерьевич Бычков ◽  
Вячеслав Викторович Коллеров ◽  
Анна Сергеевна Селезнева
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
And Control

The requirements for the quality of aviation technology are decisive in the creation of technological systems that ensure the industrial purity of products. But the cost component of the finishing and stripping technologies is also important, the value of which depends on the chosen method of removing liquids, for example, from hydraulic units of aircraft. Reliable and cost-effective manufacture of parts with specific geometric and technological properties is the main goal of industrial production. In a market economy, the production of competitive products is a necessity, and it is always the choice of a rational, stable price-quality ratio. The quality of engineering products is a multifactorial problem, depending on the complex of systemic organizational and technological measures. In the production of aircraft technology, quality assurance is associated with dependability and a guaranteed resource that is vital due to specific operating conditions. One of the most important measures to ensure the reliability and guaranteed life of aviation products is to ensure industrial cleanliness. Cleaning from microparticles, macro- and micro-hauler surfaces and edges of parts after mechanical types of processing is included in the complex of these measures. The most problematic is the cleaning of body parts with a complex configuration of external and internal surfaces. The need to remove liquids and other technological pollution is explained by functional, ergonomic and aesthetic reasons. If ergonomic and aesthetic factors do not affect the technical characteristics of products, then the functional ones are directly related to the operability of machines and mechanisms. Functional causes are the prevention of failures of hydraulic distribution and control devices, as well as the prevention of increased wear of critical parts occurring when friction pairs of solid metal particles enter the gaps, difficulties in assembling and positioning, reducing fatigue strength and so on. Burrs cause turbulence in the flow of gas or liquid, disrupting the flow uniformity. It is obvious that the mutually influencing processes occurring in the hydraulic systems of machines, in violation of working conditions, lead to an increase in negative phenomena. The peculiarity of the use of purification technologies is the need to remove liquids from 100% of the parts included in the autonomous system of mechanisms. If at least one detail is left untreated, then the working fluid, when in contact with contaminated surfaces, washes away these contaminants and spreads them throughout the system, while the most sensitive elements are damaged. The reasons for the need to clean the surface and edges of parts from technological contamination are given. A brief review of the results of modeling and research on the removal of burrs in the environment of detonating gas mixtures has been performed. The features of the thermopulse process are considered and the results of numerical and experimental studies are presented. A comparative analysis of the energy intensity of removing burrs of various metals is shown.

scholarly journals Experimental inspection of the dosing-sowing device by unmanned aerial vehicle for the resettlement of trichogrammes

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Maranda, S.
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Distribution ◽  
Flight Altitude ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Improving the quality of the trichograms' resettlement by establishing rational operating modes of the dosing and sowing device of an unmanned aerial vehicle. Methods. Experimental studies using the method of planning a three-factor experiment, methods of statistical data processing. Results. Based on the analysis of the technical means for resettlement of the trichograms, the design of the dosing-sowing device of a unmanned aerial vehicle for the resettlement of the trichogram was substantiated. As a result of the experimental studies, it was established that during the deployment of a trichogram with a dosing-seeding device, a stable leakage of the material due to ejection was ensured by using diaphragms with a diameter of 2.5 mm or more. According to the results of the research it was established that with the increase in flight altitude, the quality of material distribution does not change significantly. But factors such as the height of the plants and the presence of obstacles on the field must be taken into account, so it is necessary to keep the flight altitude not less than 5 m. Due to changing the size of the confuser, the range of flight of the particle did not change, which leads to the conclusion to use a smaller cone of diameter due to which reduces the frontal resistance. When using a dosing-seeding device for resettlement of a trichogram on a quadracycle, due to air flow from propellers, the width of the capture significantly decreases. Therefore, for the qualitative distribution of biomaterials on the surface of the field, the distance between adjacent passages should be 6 m. Conclusions 1. The height of the flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle during the resettlement of the trichogram must not be less 5 m from the upper edge of the plant. 2. The uniform distribution of material on the surface of the field depends on the flight speed, which should be within the range of 3–5 m/s. 3. The quality of the material distribution increases from the right choice of the width of the ceiling, which should be about 6 m. Conclusions: dosing sowing device, ejector, unmanned aerial vehicle, biological protection of plants, reshaping of trichograms, norm of settlement, width of capture.

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