scholarly journals Problems of Sustainable Transport of Large-Sized Roundwood

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mydlarz ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Number Of Factors

When considering the economic and environmental aspects of forestry, especially the issues related to timber harvesting, emphasis should be placed on the importance of the availability of raw material resources for the sustainable flow of goods. It would also be difficult to disregard certain issues related to transport, which play a key role in the efficient flow of wooden raw materials. It has to be noticed that timber transport options are limited by a number of factors, including the considerable fragmentation of wood resources and the lack of adequately developed railway transport facilities. This paper focuses on issues related to the road transport of timber carried out by transport companies. Observations to date of large-sized roundwood (thicker than 14 cm and longer than 3 m) transport in Poland indicate a relatively frequent occurrence of overloaded vehicles, exceeding the permissible total weight limit. Empirical evidence also suggests that in many cases, it is an effect of improperly endorsed standards with regard to the density of the transported material. Moreover, there is a clear correlation between the loading volume and economic as well as environmental factors. Therefore, the aim of this article was to show both the current situation in the transport of bulky timber and to present the possibilities for its optimization, from the point of view of locational, economic and environmental factors.

Economic and Environmental Assessment of Straw Direct-Fired Power Generation

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
Jing Min Hong ◽  
Jing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
The Road ◽  
Consumption Efficiency

A cost combined life cycle assessment was carried out to estimate the economic and environmental impact of corn straw direct-fired power generation. Results showed that the road transport, diesel, and infrastructure stages represented the dominant contribution to environmental impact in most midpoint categories, whereas the tax, depreciation, raw materials, and infrastructure price played an important role to economic impact. Improving raw material consumption efficiency and decreasing the direct emissions (i.e., nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide) generated from electricity production stage are the efficient way to minimize overall environmental or economic impacts.

Mapping the timber industry complex of Siberia and wood potential for its development

2019 ◽  
Vol 953 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
E.L. Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
Integrated Processing ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of the work is to map the modern location, structure and development of the logging, wood-working, pulp-and-paper and chemical industries of the Siberian timber industry (within the borders of Eastern and Western Siberia), as well as the wood and raw material resource necessary for its development, using statistical, comparative analytical and cartographic research methods. The relevance of the study is due to the important role of forest industries in general economic development of the country, especially in connection with the implementation of the Strategy for the development of the forest complex of the Russian Federation until 2030. As a result, a comprehensive map of the inventory type “Timber industry complex of Siberia” and a synthetic map of the assessment type “Exploitative potential of wood resources of Siberia” were developed. The thematic content of the first map presents forestry centers and their sectoral structure; centers for the integrated processing of wood raw materials; wooded areas, major logging areas. On the second map, wood-raw material resources are estimated from the point of view of their potential exploitation within 17 forest resource areas.

Calculation of the Glaze Recipe for Porcelain Feldspar Products Based on their Molecular Formula Rationalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ion Teoreanu ◽  
Roxana Lucia Dumitrache ◽  
Stefania Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Material Sources

Any change of the raw material sources for glazes, economically, ecologically motivated, and also from the glaze quality point of view, is conditioned by the molecular formula rationalization and by the variation limits of the molecular formula, respectively. The proper glaze compositions are placed within their limit variation intervals with optimized processing and utilization properties. For this purpose, the rationalization criteria and procedures of molecular formulas are summarized in the present paper, as well as the results referring to their rationalization obtained in the authors� previous work. Thus, one starts from a base of raw materials that are selected, usable and also accessible for the design and producing of the glazes. On these bases the groundwork and the design equation for the glaze recipes are developed, exemplified for a single glaze. For an easy access to results, computer programs are used for an easy access to results.

scholarly journals FORECASTING VOLUMES OF SALES GOODS BY LINEAR PROGRAMMING METHOD (ON MATERIALS NEMIROV BPC, NEMIROV VINNITSYA REGION)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayisa Vozniuk ◽  
Olga Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Programming Method ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Linear Programming Method ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Decision Tasks

In this article reveals an example of forecasting the volumes of sales goods through ways of implement optimization analysis, that is by linear programming method. For example, volume of production goods for realization her consumers no must to exceed of determined out maximum or to be lower by minimum, what can to foreseeing in this task. For decision tasks of linear programming with a large number of variables and constraints, decomposition methods are used, which allow instead of the original problem to solve tasks of little volume. In general methodology of linear programming together with simplex-method is considered on the example Nemyriv bakery, where determined out profit on unit bakery products, obtained through the optimal ratio of material resources and costs incurred. In analysis and treatment of economic activities the each enterprises, particularly at composition forecast as to volumes of sales goods with aim of receiving profit, linear programming maybe successfully used out for decision tasks with optimization of development and organization trade processes upon regarding the sale of its products. With point of view management a tasks of linear programming – this tasks of optimal using resources. In each event planning of production goods necessity have on attention, which different productions resources (workforce, raw, materials, means of production) are limited, and also which known norm of costs these resources on different kinds goods, or possible are multiples variants to separating production resources. In our work, we ascertained that in analysis, compliance is checked of demand for bakery products to stocks of most-important kinds raw and materials together with costs as most important conditions for receive profit on enterprises and avoiding of excessive and unforeseen losses. With aim of rise efficiency of enterprises activities necessary and further to look at question of renewing assortment goods and increase quality her, increasing volumes of production, maximum of loading production powers equipment, efficiency using of available resources.

Study of Phyto-ingredients of Wild Berry Juice

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Антонина Григорьевна Чернобровина ◽  
Наталья Николаевна Роева ◽  
Наталия Евгеньевна Куликова ◽  
Ольга Юрьевна Попова
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Ingredient Composition ◽  
Functional Components

В настоящее время к одним из наиболее приоритетных направлений пищевой промышленности относят разработку функциональных продуктов питания на основе экологически чистого сырья естественного происхождения, в том числе ягодного. При разработке новых продуктов с защитными свойствами важно учитывать ингредиентный состав сырья, оказывающий лечебно-профилактический эффект, и с этой точки зрения ягоды малины и брусники заслуживают особого внимания. С целью максимального извлечения и сохранения природных, физиологически-функциональных компонентов дикорастущих ягод (витаминов, микро- и макроэлементов, фенольных, пектиновых соединений и др.) были разработаны и созданы мультиэнзимные композиции для предобработки ягод брусники (МЭКб) и малины (МЭКм). Большой интерес вызывали исследования состава и содержания красящих веществ в исследуемых образцах. В качестве структурных элементов антоцианов в соке малины и брусники, а также в их ферментативных соках установлены дисахариды, основной структурный компонент которых - цианидин. Количественное содержание антоцианов в соке брусники и малины составило 305,4 и 106,2 мг/дм3, а в ферментативном соке брусники (БФС) и малины (МФС) - 553,7 и 146,4 мг/дм3, соответственно. Высокое содержание красящих веществ - важный критерий для использования БФС и МФС в качестве источника натуральных красителей. Установлена более высокая антиоксидантная активность в БФС и МФС (соответственно в 1,3 и 1,5 раза) по сравнению с соком, полученным без применения ферментных препаратов. Следовательно, ферментативный сок ягод обладает высокими антиоксидантными свойствами и служит источником натуральных красителей, поэтому его можно рассматривать как перспективный сырьевой полуфабрикат при производстве продуктов питания функциональной направленности, оказывающих благотворное регулирующее действие на организм человека. Currently, one of the priority areas of the food industry is the development of functional food products based on environmentally friendly raw materials of natural origin, including berry. When developing new products with protective properties, it is important to take into account the ingredient composition of the raw materials, which has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect, and from this point of view, raspberries and lingonberries deserve special attention. In order to maximize the preservation and extraction of natural, physiologically functional components of wild berries (vitamins, micro - and macroelements, phenolic compounds, pectin and other substances) were developed and created multienzymatic compositions for the pretreatment of lingonberry (MEKb) and raspberry (MEKm). Of great interest were studies on the characterization and content of dyes in the samples being studied. As structural elements of anthocyanins in raspberry and lingonberry juice, as well as in their enzymatic juices, disaccharides were established, the main structural component of which is cyanidine, and the quantitative content of anthocyanins (mg/dm3) in the juice of lingonberry and raspberry, corresponded - 305.40 and 106.20, and in the enzymatic juice of lingonberry and raspberry - 553.70 and 146.40. The high content of dyes is an important criterion for the use of BFS and MFS as a source of natural dyes. A higher antioxidant activity was found in BFS and MFS (1.3 and 1.5 times, respectively) compared with juice obtained without the use of enzyme preparations. Therefore, the enzymatic juice of berries has high antioxidant properties and is a source of natural dyes, so it can be considered as a promising raw material in the production of functional foods that have a beneficial regulatory effect on the human body.

Challenges and Dilemmas in the Education of Children With Special Needs in Romania

2022 ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Emilia Oprisan
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Children With Special Needs ◽  
Integrated Education ◽  
The Road ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Inclusive Schools ◽  
Difficult Challenge

Educating children with special needs is a difficult challenge for both families and society. The newest trends in education for these children in Romania are represented by their inclusion in inclusive classes or inclusive schools. It is a beginning of the road both from a legislative point of view and from the point of view of analyzing the efficiency of the system. The issue of the resources dedicated to special education is concerned, this aspect being related both to the level of material resources and to the human resources, their availability, and the level of their training. The analysis of the progresses and the challenges that the Romanian-integrated education is encountering is an important step in identifying possible solutions for increasing the quality of special education in Romania.

scholarly journals Carbonate complexes underlying Flysch belt and subsurface Neogene volcanic in the NE part of Slovakia – a potential for geothermal energy and raw materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Ľudovít Kucharič ◽  
Vladimír Bezák ◽  
Dušan Majcin ◽  
Ján Vozár
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Carbonate Complexes

Abstract A positive gravity anomaly was observed in the Flysch belt realm. Based on this fact and available geological knowledge we suppose that the source of gravity anomaly might be carbonate rocks lying perhaps in the footwall of Flysch sediments. The carbonates belong perhaps to the Penninic crust cover (a part of Klippen belt), or to lower structural stage of the Flysch belt. Besides this it is interpreted more volume of Neogene subvolcanic bodies in the frame of the Flysch belt based on the results of the newest magnetic measurements in the NE part of Slovakia (Kucharič et. al., in press). These are accompanied by increasing heat flow and hydrothermal alteration within neighbouring rocks what may eventuate into creation of raw materials. These two factors - carbonates and subvolcanic bodies - are important items for appraisal of new perspective in this area not only from hydrocarbon occurrences point of view (a primary intend within this area) but also for enhancement of geothermal potential of Slovak Republic and opening possibilities for prognosis of raw material occurrences as well.

scholarly journals Investigations of quartz raw materials from the locality of Rekovac muncipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Slavica Mihajlovic ◽  
Zivko Sekulic ◽  
Jovica Stojanovic ◽  
Vladan Kasic ◽  
Iroslav Sokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potential Applications

Quality of raw materials, including quartz sand and quartzite, varies from one deposit to another. Furthermore, the material quality determines in which industrial branches it can be used after certain preparation processes. Potential applications of quartz raw materials are: in the construction and refractory industry, ceramics and glass industry, then in metallurgy, foundry and also in production of water treatment filters. Geological investigations of the central Serbia region, in the Rekovac municipality, resulted in identification of occurrence of quartz sand ("Ursula") and quartzite ("Velika Krusevica"). Preliminary laboratory tests and characterization of the quartz sand size fraction -0.63+0.1 mm confirmed the possibility of applying this size fraction in the construction materials industry, while the quartzite can be used in refractory, glass and metallurgy industries. After determining the geological reserve of quartz sand "Ursula" and quartzite "Velika Krusevica", detailed investigations are required. Quality conditions from the aspect of chemical composition and physical properties of quartz sand and quartzite are mostly clearly defined by a special standard for this purpose. On the other hand, there are also application areas where standards does not exist, but users define their quality conditions. This example is with the application of quartz sand in the production of water glass. Chemical composition as well is not always the determining factor for the application of quartz raw material. For example, for quartz sand used for sandblasting, grain form is essential. From the economic analysis point of view, the prices of quartz raw materials vary depending on their chemical and physical properties. After all, what needs to be pointed out is the fact that these raw materials are very widespread in nature and that their exploitation is quite simple. After the raw material is excavated, it is stored and further sieved, washed, dried and processed according to customer requirements. All of these processes are cheaper than preparing, for example, limestone, and significaly cheaper than preparation of metal ores.

scholarly journals Mapping of raw materials and habitats in the Danish sector of the North Sea

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Jørn Bo Jensen ◽  
Sara Borre ◽  
Jørgen O. Leth ◽  
Zyad Al-Hamdani ◽  
Laura G. Addington
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Marine Strategy Framework Directive ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
General Mapping ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Substrate Types

In the summer of 2010, the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) mapped the potential raw materials and substrate types, over large parts of the Danish economic sector of the North Sea, in cooperation with Orbicon A/S. The mapping was carried out for the Danish Nature Agency; it is part of the general mapping of raw material resources within the territories of the Danish state and forms part of the input for the implementation of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The purpose was (1) to provide an overview of the distribution, volume and composition of available raw materials and (2) to identify, describe and map the distribution of the dominant marine bottom types.

scholarly journals Expedient behaviour and predetermination at the Ciota Ciara cave (north-western Italy) during Middle Palaeolithic.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Daffara ◽  
Gabriele L.F. Berruti ◽  
Marta Arzarello
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
North Western

The Ciota Ciara cave is a Middle Palaeolithic site located in Piedmont (north-western Italy) and it is the only one systematically investigated in the region. It opens at 670 m a.s.l. on the west side of Monte Fenera and its archaeological deposit has a stratigraphic sequence documenting several and repeated human frequentations. Four archaeological layers have been identified (13, 14, 15 and 103) and are characterized by lithic assemblages where vein quartz is the main exploited raw material. The upper level (13), was already subject to technological and functional studies but the enlargement of the excavated area made necessary a completion of the technological data. The aim of this work is to deal with a complete technological and functional study of the lithic assemblage of the four archaeological layers of the Ciota Ciara cave to face the issues of predetermination and adaptation of the reduction sequences to the raw materials features. The technological analysis is based on the concept of chaîne opératoire and refers to the classical definitions of the S.S.D.A., discoid and Levallois methods for the identification of the different exploitation strategies. The concepts of curated and expedient technology are also applied to the present study. We finally refer to the huge debate concerning the concept of predetermination related to cores that show reduced or none phases of core configuration for the analysis and interpretation of the considered lithic assemblage.The results obtained show that the general behaviour can be interpreted as expedient, both from a technological and a functional point of view. The Middle Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers of the Ciota Ciara cave adapted their “technological background” to the resources available and put into action flexible adaptation strategies. Even in the shortness or absence of phases of core configuration, predetermination can be observed in the adaptation of Levallois and discoid concepts to the natural constraints of the pebbles chosen as cores. The natural convexities are exploited to obtain Levallois and discoid flakes after an intentional choice made by the knappers. In order to deeply investigate the characteristics of the technological behaviour of the hunter-gatherers that inhabited the site, the use-wear analysis is a fundamental additional source of information and it is here aimed to understand if there is or not a differential use of the lithic artefacts according to their typology and/or to the knapping method.

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