scholarly journals More Resilient Cities to Face Higher Risks. The Case of Genoa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pirlone ◽  
Ilenia Spadaro ◽  
Selena Candia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The City

This paper analyzes some natural and man-made disasters that happened in recent years, which demonstrate how the resilience of a city does not depend only on the actions carried out by public authorities, but it requires the joint work of all actors that live or work in a city. Resilience represents the ability of an urban system to adapt to an external event and quickly return to normality. In recent years, urban resilience has mainly addressed natural risks, neglecting man-made disaster. Therefore, this study considers the risk issue in relation to the resilience concept within urban planning and policies to achieve sustainability and urban security. Urban resilience has become an important objective for cities, particularly to face climate change. The paper proposes a review of the existing Civil Protection Urban Emergency Plan, as a sector plan to support urban planning at the local level, aimed at building resilience in cities. In particular, the proposed Emergency Plan reduces risk and increases resilience by identifying specific scenarios and actions that every city actor—public authorities, research, enterprises, and citizens—can implement. This proposal contributes to the implementation of the quadruple helix principle, according to which the involvement of these four actors is necessary to achieve a common goal, such as increasing urban resilience. The proposed methodology is then applied to the man-made disasters that have involved the city (such as the flood of 2011 and the collapse of the Morandi Bridge in 2018). Genoa represents a good example to be studied according to the “learning-by-doing” approach to understand how the city has responded, adapting resiliently, to natural and man-made events thanks to the collaboration of all the actors above mentioned. The new scenarios, included in the Urban Emergency Plan, can play a fundamental role, both in the emergency and prevention phase, and can help other cities around the world in planning more resilient cities to face higher risks.

ERT and GPR surveys for the detection of incipient collapse areas in urban environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Capozzoli ◽  
Gregory De Martino ◽  
Giacomo Fornasari ◽  
Valeria Giampaolo ◽  
Enzo Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Electromagnetic Methods ◽  
Ground Collapse ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Car Park

<p>Urban Resilience represents the capability of an urban system to preserve its features (in terms of public and private qualities and services) when shock events occur [1]. This topic is receiving an increasing interest for the climate change emergency which require innovative strategies for preserving the natural and anthropic resources present in the subsoil. In this framework, the Urban Geophysics could give a strong contribution to improving the knowledge of the critical issues affecting urban area [2].</p><p>One of the most interesting challenges is represented by the detection of ground collapse phenomena that can hardly reduce the safety and reliability of civil structures and infrastructures, as clearly demonstrated by the ground occurred in the Ospedale del Mare car park (Naples, Italy) [3] during the COVID-19 emergency that has brought the light on the weakness of the planning processes of the public authorities when fast decisions are required. Indeed, decision making in urban planning can be effectively supported by rational and reasoned use of the geophysical technologies able to reduce the risks imputable to the activities and decision required by the emergency planning in urban contexts.</p><p>This work focuses its attention on the capability of geophysical methodologies to detect, characterize and monitoring the presence of buried sinkholes, collapses, voids within the subsoil able to cause severe structural stability problems with rapid and non-invasive applications based on the use of Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomographies. The studied cases showed how the cooperative use of the geoelectrical and electromagnetic methods can identify and monitor potential risks of collapses highlighting the pros and cons of the two techniques in terms of resolution and depth of study.</p><p> </p><p>REFERENCES</p><p>[1] Lapenna V. (2016) Resilient and sustainable cities of tomorrow: the role of applied geophysics. Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata 58(4):237–251. https ://doi.org/10.4430/bgta0204</p><p>[2] Capozzoli L., De Martino G., Polemio M. et E. Rizzo, Surveys in Geophysics 2019, Geophysicaltechniquesfor monitoring settlement phenomena occurring in reinforced concrete buildings, Surveys in Geophysics, DOI: 10.1007/s10712-019-09554-8;</p><p>[3] Borghese L.,  Mortensen A. and R. Picheta, https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/08/europe/italy-hospital-sinkhole-scli-intl/index.html (latest access 01/20/2021, January 9, 2021</p>

scholarly journals Resilience as a City Brand: The Cases of the Comuna 13 and Moravia in Medellin, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Naef
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rockefeller Foundation ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
City Brand ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The City

In Medellin, during this last decade, the municipality and the private sector have been very active in the reconstruction of the city’s war-torn image. With the acknowledged objective of attracting foreign investments and tourists, the second city of Colombia has been consecutively branded as “innovative”, “smart”, “sustainable” and lately as a “resilient city”. Since 2016 and the integration of the city as one of the first members of the “100 Resilient Cities” network pioneered by the Rockefeller Foundation, Medellin’s authorities have emphasised “urban resilience” as a core value of the city and its residents. Until now, few studies have put into perspective the notion of “branding” with that of “resilience”. By looking closely at discourses on the promotion of the city, as well as its burgeoning tourism sector, this article aims to fill this gap by providing a thorough analysis of the way urban resilience is used as a city-brand in a city still struggling to overcome high levels of violence. This study aims to show that antagonists’ visions of resilience are at stake when comparing the branding discourses of public authorities and the representations of self-settled communities who are at the centre of these narratives. While branding discourses praise the resilience of Medellin communities, many in these same communities tend to reject this vision of resilience as self-reliance (adaptation) and instead call for structural changes (transformation).

scholarly journals Public Policy for Sustainability and Retail Resilience in Lisbon City Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9433
Author(s):  
Teresa Barata-Salgueiro ◽  
Pedro Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
City Center ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Core ◽  
The City

International organizations, public authorities and researchers have increasingly been concerned with urban resilience and sustainability. We focus on the triangle retail, urban resilience and city sustainability, aiming to uncover how cities have coped with retail challenges to increase their resilience towards a sustainable path, highlighting the role played by public policy. The case study asks, is Central Lisbon strongly affected by processes of regeneration, touristification and gentrification, simultaneously with changes in retail. The analysis of planning and other policy documents complemented by fieldwork evidence shows a close link between public initiatives and private entrepreneurship and their impacts in the vitality of the core. The text shows that the policy outlined by local authorities to overcome the decline of the city center and to meet the aims of sustainability implies urban resilience. The transformation of retail is aligned with that vision and is supported its achievement, while the commercial fabric suffered an evolution from shopping to consumption spaces, polarized by culture and entertainment, targeting new consumers and lifestyles. However, new social and economic challenges arise due to escalating housing prices, change in retail supply, the excessive dependence of tourism and the danger of losing part of the city’s identity.

scholarly journals Smart City Planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrik Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Smart City ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
The Face ◽  
The City

This article reflects on the challenges for urban planning posed by the emergence of smart cities in network societies. In particular, it reflects on reductionist tendencies in existing smart city planning. Here the concern is with the implications of prior reductions of complexity which have been undertaken by placing primacy in planning on information technology, economical profit, and top-down political government. Rather than pointing urban planning towards a different ordering of these reductions, this article argues in favor of approaches to smart city planning via complexity theory. Specifically, this article argues in favor of approaching smart city plans holistically as topologies of organized complexity. Here, smart city planning is seen as a theory and practice engaging with a complex adaptive urban system which continuously operates on its potential. The actualizations in the face of contingency of such potential are what might have the city evolve over time, its organization, its wholeness, and its continued existence being at stake from moment to moment.

scholarly journals A System Dynamics Model and Analytic Network Process: An Integrated Approach to Investigate Urban Resilience

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bottero ◽  
Giulia Datola ◽  
Elena De Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Network Process ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

During the last decade, the concept of urban resilience has been increasingly implemented in urban planning, with the main aim to design urban development strategies. Urban resilience is a multi-dimensional and dynamic concept. When applied to urban planning, it consists of studying cities as complex socio-economic systems. Municipalities are currently working to undertake appropriate actions to enrich the resilience of cities. Moreover, several difficulties concern the evaluation of the impacts over time of the strategies designed to enhance urban resilience. The present paper proposes an integrated approach based on the System Dynamics Model (SDM) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP). The objective of this research is to describe the method and to illustrate its application to the area called Basse di Stura, located in the city of Turin, Italy. The method is applied to evaluate the possible impacts of two different urban scenarios in terms of the change of urban resilience performance over time. The final result is represented by an index that describes urban resilience performance.

scholarly journals Urban planning in riverfront areas. A case study of a mediterranean city: Terrassa (Catalonia, NE Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Santasusagna Riu ◽  
Joan Tort Donada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Intermittent Streams ◽  
Flash Flooding ◽  
Central Park ◽  
The City ◽  
Mediterranean City ◽  
Ne Spain

Abstract Since 1980, Spain has introduced urban regeneration plans in various cities with the aim of integrating the river environment into the urban system. This process has proved most challenging in cities whose rivers present extreme features, as is the case with Terrassa (Catalonia, NE Spain), a medium-sized city (215,000 inhabitants in 2013) whose three river courses are prone to flash flooding. Through the critical analysis of urban planning undertaken in the city from the fifties to the present day, we show that the urban evolution of each of the three intermittent streams has differed significantly. Thus, while the plans affecting el Torrent de Vallparadís have led to the construction of Terrassa’s central park, the plans for la Riera del Palau and la Riera de les Arenes have impeded, in their own ways, full urban integration.

scholarly journals Master Plan Contribution Evaluation in the construction of urban resilience and sustainability in the city of Bogota

Respuestas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Laura Ximena Hernandez Velez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Municipal Policies ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

In the last century, the world has become an “urban world” and the cities began to concentrate a larger number of people (with over of 50% of global population living in the cities). Currently, the social-environmental challenges that the cities face, drive new alternatives to the contemporary urban planning. In those conditions, it is expected than the cities become the centers of changes and they find new possibilities in the urban planning field taking into account the concepts of resilience and sustainability during the elaboration of municipal policies. This case study research was conducted in the city of Bogota, capital of Colombia, and evaluated the Master Plan - MP (as instrument of urban planning), and the commitment to this plan, with the construction of resilience in a highly susceptible city to climate change. Also included many challenges such as, population dynamics, sprawling around the rural areas, mobility problems and infrastructure deficiencies, each one of them with the necessity of attention from the planning point of view. The objective of this research is to know in a qualitative way, whether the Master Plan has an orientation and how can this contribute to the construction of urban resilience. The methodolo- gy was developed in a previous research by Lemos (2010) and involved categories of sustainability and resilience, with the possible impacts of the actions described in the Plan. After the implementation of the methodology and the revision of the Plan, the results shown that the Plan is targeted to the resilience. However, its contribution is fragile in the definition of joint actions in the different levels of political power.KEYWORDS: Resilience; urban planning; climate changes; urban planning policiesEn el último siglo, el mundo se volvió un “mundo urbano” y las ciudades pasaron a concentrar un mayor número de personas (con más del 50% de la población mundial residiendo en las ciudades). Actualmente, los desafíos socioambientales que las ciudades enfrentan, impulsan nuevas alternativas para el planeamiento urbano actual. En esas condiciones se espera que las ciudades se conviertan en el centro de cambios y encuentren nuevas posibilidades en el área del planeamiento urbano teniendo en cuenta los aspectos de la resiliencia e la sostenibilidad durante la elaboración de la Política Municipal. Esta pesquisa se trata de un estudio de caso realizado en la ciudad de Bogotá, capital de Colombia, que evaluó el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial – POT (como instrumento de planeamiento municipal) y el compromiso del mismo, con la construcción de resiliencia en una ciudad altamente susceptible al cambio climático, con muchos desafíos, como las dinámicas poblacionales, la expansión a lo largo de áreas rurales, problemas de movilidad y deficiencia en la infraestructura, cada uno con una necesidad de atención por parte de planeamiento en cuestión.. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer cualitativamente, si el Plan tiene una orientación y puede contribuir en la construcción de resiliencia urbana. La metodología usada fue desarrollada en la pesquisa previa de Lemos (2010) e involucra categorías de sostenibilidad y resiliencia, con los posibles efectos de las acciones descritas en el Plan. Después de la aplicación metodológica y la revisión del Plan, los resultados demostraron que el Plan está orientado para la resiliencia, sin embargo su contribución es frágil en la definición de acciones conjuntas en diferentes niveles del poder político.PALABRAS - CHAVEResiliencia; planea- miento urbano; cambio climático; políticas de planeamiento urbano.

scholarly journals The conservation of traumatic ruins: A sensitive issue to improve urban resilience

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-552
Author(s):  
Antoine Le Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
Sensitive Issue ◽  
The Will ◽  
Political Message ◽  
Set Up

Preserved urban ruins convey a social and political message, sometimes with great impact. Whereas stakeholders often tend to cancel the traces of disaster, the conservation of ruins has been the consequence of much disputed decisions. Such decisions can be explained by the will to use the conservation of ruins as a preventive tool. Indeed, the conservation of a disaster’s traumatic marks can be a tool to perform urban resilience, since the urban system integrates the trauma, in an open purpose of risk mitigation. However, this instrument of risk management entails major urban planning issues. Many municipalities in various countries have decided to preserve ruins after tragic events. They set up specific restoration and management standards, various aesthetic and technical choices, access and presentation criteria, but they also indicate a political exploitation of the disaster.

scholarly journals KPCA over PCA to assess urban resilience to floods

2021 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Narjiss Satour ◽  
Badreddine Benyacoub ◽  
Badr El Mahrad ◽  
Ilias Kacimi
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Index Flood ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Nonlinear Form ◽  
Resilience Indicators

Global increases in the occurrence and frequency of flood have highlighted the need for resilience approaches to deal with future floods. The principal component analysis (PCA) has been used widely to understand the resilience of the urban system to floods. Based on feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, the PCA reduces datasets to representations consisting of principal components. Kernel PCA (KPCA) is the nonlinear form of PCA, which efficiently presents a complicated data in a lower dimensional space. In this work the KPCA techniques was applied to measure and map flood resilience across a local level. Therefore, it aims to improve the performance achieved by non-linear PCA application, compared to standard PCA. Twenty-one resilience indicators were gathered, including social, economic, physical, and natural components into a composite index (Flood resilience Index). The experimental results demonstrate the KPCA performance to get a better Flood Resilience Index, guiding q decision making to strengthen the flood resilience in our case of study of M’diq-Fnideq and martil municipalities in Northern of Morocco.

Book Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Eduardo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
The Olympic Games

Evinç Doğan (2016). Image of Istanbul, Impact of ECoC 2010 on The City Image. London: Transnational Press London. [222 pp, RRP: £18.75, ISBN: 978-1-910781-22-7]The idea of discovering or creating a form of uniqueness to differentiate a place from others is clearly attractive. In this regard, and in line with Ashworth (2009), three urban planning instruments are widely used throughout the world as a means of boosting a city’s image: (i) personality association - where places associate themselves with a named individual from history, literature, the arts, politics, entertainment, sport or even mythology; (ii) the visual qualities of buildings and urban design, which include flagship building, signature urban design and even signature districts and (iii) event hallmarking - where places organize events, usually cultural (e.g., European Capital of Culture, henceforth referred to as ECoC) or sporting (e.g., the Olympic Games), in order to obtain worldwide recognition. 

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