scholarly journals No Limits of Acceptable Change: A Proposed Research Framework for Informing Visitor Use Management in the Context of Cultural Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Zachary D. Miller ◽  
Wayne Freimund ◽  
Stefani A. Crabtree ◽  
Ethan P. Ryan

Cultural resources are commonly defined as resources that provide material evidence of past human activities. These resources are unique, as they are both finite and non-renewable. This provides a challenge for traditional visitor use management since these resources have no limits of acceptable change. However, with nearly every national park in the US containing cultural resources, coupled with ever-growing visitation, it is essential that managers of parks and protected areas have the ability to make science-informed decisions about cultural resources in the context of visitor use management. We propose a framework that can help provide context and exploration for these challenges. Drawing on previous literature, this framework includes risk-based approaches to decision making about visitor use; visitor cognitions related to cultural resources; emotions, mood, and affect related to cultural resource experiences; creating and evaluating interpretive programs; deviant visitor behaviors related to cultural resources; and co-management.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Nicole C. Inglis ◽  
Jelena Vukomanovic

Fire management in protected areas faces mounting obstacles as climate change alters disturbance regimes, resources are diverted to fighting wildfires, and more people live along the boundaries of parks. Evidence-based prescribed fire management and improved communication with stakeholders is vital to reducing fire risk while maintaining public trust. Numerous national fire databases document when and where natural, prescribed, and human-caused fires have occurred on public lands in the United States. However, these databases are incongruous and non-standardized, making it difficult to visualize spatiotemporal patterns of fire and engage stakeholders in decision-making. We created interactive decision analytics (“VISTAFiRe”) that transform fire history data into clear visualizations of the spatial and temporal dimensions of fire and its management. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using Big Cypress National Preserve and Everglades National Park as examples of protected areas experiencing fire regime change between 1980 and 2017. Our open source visualizations may be applied to any data from the National Park Service Wildland Fire Events Geodatabase, with flexibility to communicate shifts in fire regimes over time, such as the type of ignition, duration and magnitude, and changes in seasonal occurrence. Application of the tool to Everglades and Big Cypress revealed that natural wildfires are occurring earlier in the wildfire season, while human-caused and prescribed wildfires are becoming less and more common, respectively. These new avenues of stakeholder communication are allowing the National Park Service to devise research plans to prepare for environmental change, guide resource allocation, and support decision-making in a clear and timely manner.


2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Jerry L. Rogers

The National Park Service Act of 1916, often dangerously considered alone, is only one link, although a fundamental one, in a chain of authorities that acknowledge and preserve historical and cultural resources everywhere in the United States. By fully exercising its cultural resource leadership responsibilities and expanding them to natural resources, the National Park Service can help to make the second century of the service amount to a “Century of the Environment.”


2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Jerry Rogers

Dr. Muriel (Miki) Crespi made extraordinary contributions to the development of the field of cultural resource management, especially in conceiving, launching, and developing an Ethnography Program in the National Park Service. As Associate Director for Cultural Resources of the Service, I had the pleasure of sharing part of that experience with her. This paper is not a researched history of that experience, but is rather my personal recollection, containing all of the advantages and disadvantages of that perspective. The Ethnography Program has now been around long enough and made enough demonstrable differences in the field of cultural resource management that it ought to be the subject of a thorough administrative history. To the scholar who undertakes that history, I especially recommend a detailed examination of the planning, execution, and follow-up of the First World Conference on Cultural Parks, which I would describe as the seminal event behind the Ethnography Program.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S Bristow ◽  
Anna Therien

Monitoring cultural resources in parks and protected areas is greatly enhanced using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). For this example, a pilot inventory of cultural resources is illustrated for the United States National Park Service lands that protect the Appalachian Trail in Massachusetts. In Massachusetts, the trail stretches 145.2 kilometers (90.2 miles) and is protected by nearly 2052 hectares (5070 acres) of land. To aid in the resource monitoring, these remote sensing data are corroborated with historic records to identify the historical archaeological resources in the corridor. The inventory are then added to existing management plans to help protect the national park with a more complete understanding of the historical human impacts in the backcountry of New England.


Remote Sensing: A Handbook for Archeologists and Cultural Resource Managers. Thomas R. Lyones and Thomas Eugene Avery. Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1977. viii + 109 pp., illus., biblio., glossary, index. Paper. - Remote Sensing: Practical Exercises on Remote Sensing in Archeology. Supplement No. 1. Thomas Eugene Avery and Thomas R. Lyons. Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1978. iv + 32 pp., illus., selected answer key. Paper. - Remote Sensing: Instrumentation for Non-destructive Exploration of Cultural Resources. Supplement No. 2. Stanley A. Morain and Thomas K. Budge. Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1978. vi + 53 pp., illus., biblio. Paper. - Remote Sensing: Aerial Anthropological Perspectives: A Bibliography of Remote Sensing in Cultural Resource Studies. Supplement No. 3. Thomas R. Lyons Robert K. Hitchcock, and Wirth H. Wills Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1980. 25 pp. Paper. - Remote Sensing: A Handbook for Archeologists and Cultural Resource Managers Basic Manual Supplement: Oregon. Supplement No. 4.. C. Melvin Aikens William G. Loy, Michael D. Southard and Richard C. Hanes Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1980. v + 37 pp., illus., biblio. Paper. - Remote Sensing: Multispectral Analyses of Cultural Resources: Chaco Canyon and Bandelier National Monument. Supplement No. 5.. Thomas R. Lyon. editor. Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1981. iv + 63 pp., illus., biblio. Paper. - Remote Sensing: Archeological Applications of Remote Sensing in the North Central Lowlands. Supplement No. 6. Craig Baker and George J. Gumerman Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1981. vi + 53 pp., illus., biblio. Paper. - Remote Sensing: Aerial and Terrestrial Photography for Archaeologists. Supplement No. 7. Thomas Eugene Avery and Thomas R. Lyons Cultural Resources Management Division, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 1981. viii + 48 pp., illus., biblio. Paper.

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Michael Allen Hoffman

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sampad Kumar Swain ◽  
Bivraj Bhusan Parida ◽  
S C Bagri

Community and tourists are two inseparable stakeholders that are complementary to each other in many respects in the development of ecotourism destinations. The assessment of perceptions of community and tourists on ecotourism development in the protected areas is a baseline on which ecotourism potential of the park is completely dependent. It is proved in many cases that there is a better understanding between community and tourists in the conservation of protected areas through the development of ecotourism. This paper explores how theecotourism project has brought about considerable changes in the perceptions of community and tourists. The data collected from the residents of buffer area of the park show a positive response towards the promotion of eco friendly tourism in Similpal National Park. Similarly, the results of the analysis of the perceptions of tourists demonstrate a huge responsibility to the conservation of flora and fauna and sustainability of the ecotourism attractions. The outcomes of the research will have immense impact on the park authority to involve the community in all decision making process of ecotourism project in the future. The findings of the paper have practical relevance for park authority and tour operators that are trying to develop low impact tourism or responsible tourism. This research will lay foundation for future research work on the ecotourism in the protected areas.


2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline S. Rogers ◽  
Jim Beets

The large number of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Caribbean (over 100) gives a misleading impression of the amount of protection the reefs and other marine resources in this region are receiving. This review synthesizes information on marine resources in two of the first MPAs established in the USA, namely Virgin Islands National Park (1962) and Buck Island Reef National Monument (1961), and provides compelling evidence that greater protection is needed, based on data from some of the longest running research projects on coral reefs, reef fish assemblages, and seagrass beds for the Caribbean. Most of the stresses affecting marine resources throughout the Caribbean (e.g. damage from boats, hurricanes and coral diseases) are also causing deterioration in these MPAs. Living coral cover has decreased and macroalgal cover has increased. Seagrass densities have decreased because of storms and anchor damage. Intensive fishing in the US Virgin Islands has caused loss of spawning aggregations and decreases in mean fish size and abundance. Groupers and snappers are far less abundant and herbivorous fishes comprise a greater proportion of samples than in the 1960s. Effects of intensive fishing are evident even within MPA boundaries. Although only traditional fishing with traps of ‘conventional design’ is allowed, commercial trap fishing is occurring. Visual samples of fishes inside and outside Virgin Islands National Park showed no significant differences in number of species, biomass, or mean size of fishes. Similarly, the number of fishes per trap was statistically similar inside and outside park waters. These MPAs have not been effective because an unprecedented combination of natural and human factors is assaulting the resources, some of the greatest damage is from stresses outside the control of park managers (e.g. hurricanes), and enforcement of the few regulations has been limited. Fully functioning MPAs which prohibit fishing and other extractive uses (e.g. no-take marine reserves) could reverse some of the degradation, allowing replenishment of the fishery resources and recovery of benthic habitats.


Antiquity ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (289) ◽  
pp. 513-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Anderson ◽  
R. Steven Kidd ◽  
Emily M. Yates

In 1998 extensive investigations were undertaken on Water Island, US Virgin Islands, by a research team from the Southeast Archeological Center, National Park Service. The US government is relinquishing ownership of the island, an action that would affect cultural resources. Earlier surveys had located a number of sites, including the remains of three 18th- and l9th-century plantations, historic wells, prehistoric shell middens and an extensive World War II fortification complex (Wild & Anderson 1992; Knight 2001; Anderson et al. in preparation).Water Island, located off St Thomas, encompasses about one square mile, and is characterized by steep rocky slopes, a pronounced central ridgeline and a highly indented coastline with numerous bays and beaches (FIGURE 1). Fresh water comes from rainfall, and in small brackish ponds. Vegetation ranges from dry tropical thorn scrub to mangrove/salt ponds.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTO

While national parks in the US are intended to conserve natural resources for the public to enjoy, those visitors pose some of the greatest threats to the ecosystem: vehicles may collide with and kill wildlife; traffic can contribute to noise, water, and air pollution; human waste must be removed, etc. Conflicting incentives like this can make decision-making difficult for park managers. The authors use the example of cruise-ship strikes with humpback whales in Glacier Bay National Park as a case study for how use-impact trade-offs can be used as part of the decision-making and stakeholder communication processes.


Author(s):  
Leila de Sena Cavalcante ◽  
Paulo dos Santos Pires

O contexto temático deste estudo situa-se na confluência do ecoturismo com as áreas protegidas, compreendidos como dois campos de interesse convergente quando contemplados plenamente no seu papel para a conservação da natureza. O objeto de análise é o Parque Nacional do Viruá, uma unidade de conservação federal localizada no município de Caracaraí a aproximadamente 197 km de Boa Vista, capital do Estado de Roraima. Por apresentar uma rica biodiversidade o parque possui um expressivo potencial para o ecoturismo, porém enfrenta um desafio no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento deste tipo de atividade em seu interior, já que boa parte do seu potencial turístico, assim como a principal via de acesso ao mesmo e as áreas com possibilidade de construção de futuras instalações para recepção de visitantes estão situadas na “Estrada Perdida”, fora dos limites do parque. Esta problemática induziu ao presente estudo, que teve como objetivo refletir sobre os possíveis benefícios que a transformação da “Estrada Perdida” numa área protegida do tipo estrada-parque, poderia levar ao Parque Nacional do Viruá e seu entorno. Trata-se de uma investigação de nível exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão bibliográfica em livros, revistas e artigos científicos acerca do assunto, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo, que consistiu em entrevista com o gestor do Parque Nacional do Viruá. Os resultados do estudo apontaram que além dos benefícios socioambientais relacionados à proteção dos recursos naturais e culturais da região, a estrada-parque tende a produzir efeitos positivos também e, em especial, nos âmbitos econômico e social da unidade de conservação e de seu entorno regional. The Viruá National Park (RR, Brazil) and the possibility of creating a roas park in your around ABSTRACT: The thematic context of this study lies at the confluence of ecotourism in protected areas, understood as two converging fields of interest as contemplated in its full role in the preservation of nature. The object of analysis is the Viruá National Park, a federal conservation unit in the municipality of Caracaraí approximately 197 km from Boa Vista, Roraima state capital. As its great biodiversity, the park has a significant potential for ecotourism, but faces an challenge with regard to developing this type of activity, since most of its tourism potential as well as the main access to the same and areas with possible future construction of facilities for the reception of visitors are located in "Lost Highway", outside the park boundaries. This problem led to this study, which aimed to reflect on the possible benefits that the transformation of "Lost Highway" in a protected area of ​​the park-type road may lead to Viruá National Park and its surroundings. This is a research exploratory- descriptive, with qualitative approach, using as instruments the bibliographic review, magazines and scientific papers, documentary research and the field research, which consisted of an interview with the manager of the Viruá National Park. The results of the study showed that besides the social and environmental benefits related to the protection of natural and cultural resources of the region, the road-park may also have positive effects and, in particular in the economic and social unit of conservation and its surrounding region. Keywords: Ecotourism; Protected Areas; Road Park; Viruá National Park.


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