scholarly journals Environmentally Motivated Travel Reduction: The Effects of Availability, Herding Bias, and Self-Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 691
Author(s):  
Shiva Ghorban Nejad ◽  
Håvard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Availability Heuristic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
Do So

Asking consumers to consume less, or to travel less, does not necessarily make them do so and is, therefore, a key challenge for public policy-makers and green marketers. In this paper, we scrutinize the effect of intuitive decisions/judgments as well as personality differences on consumers’ intentions to consume less. More specifically, we study how the availability heuristic, herding biases, and self-monitoring influence environmentally motivated consumption reduction (EMCR) in a tourism context. Drawing on EMCR and a heuristics-and-biases approach, we present an experimental study designed to test how availability (high vs. low information availability), herding behavior (herd present vs. no herd), and high vs. low self-monitoring influence consumers’ intentions to travel less in the future. The results suggest that the existence of a herd influence environmentally motivated travel reductions. Also, high self-monitors are more capable of sensing the eco-friendly direction of the public opinion in general, and adjust their behavior to align with this, than individuals with a lower self-monitoring tendency. Finally, there is a positive interaction between herding bias and self-monitoring, while we found no significant effect of the availability heuristic on the environmentally motivated travel reduction. The implications of the results and future research avenues are discussed.

The technology foresight system of the Russian Federation: a systemic view

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya F. Kuzminov ◽  
Thomas Thurner ◽  
Alexander Chulok
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Technology Foresight ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Do So ◽  
Systemic View

Purpose This paper aims to describe and discuss the architecture of Russia’s Technology Foresight System (TFS). This paper introduces the reader to the integration of the TFS into the public administration system and, specifically, into the national strategic planning system. Design/methodology/approach To do so, the authors fall back on more than 10 years of experience in performing foresight exercises for Russian policy makers of their institution. Findings Thereby, the paper highlights the implications arising from the interaction between sectoral and national components of TFS and on application of the results of foresight studies (implemented within the framework of TFS) for the strategic planning. Originality/value Russia has a long history of technological planning and forecasting and engages regularly in extensive foresight activities of both national and sectoral relevance. Also, Russia’s leadership repeatedly stresses the importance of such foresight activities which are outlined by a national law since 2014.

scholarly journals Bridging the gap between academia and standard setters

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowena Sinclair ◽  
Carolyn J. Cordery
Keyword(s):  
Standard Setting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Matters Of Concern ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Audit Standards

Purpose This commissioned paper reviews literature outlining reasons for a perceived gap between academics and standard setters as policy makers. The aim of this paper is to emphasise how academics and standard setters can collaborate on accounting and audit research and assist standard setters to act in the public interest. Design/methodology/approach The approach is primarily a literature and document review of relevant issues, summarising New Zealand’s standard setting arrangements, providing examples of successful policy-changing research, and making recommendations on future research topics. Findings Despite the long-held views of a gap between academic researchers and standard setters, increasingly standard setters utilise research and request input from academics in their deliberations. Standard setters can increase the likelihood of relevant research by promoting critical issues for research and connecting their practitioner networks with academics. Academics can bridge the gap by selecting topics of mutual interest and by communicating their findings extensively and well. Practical implications Increasing collaboration should lead to better accounting and audit standards. Originality/value This paper highlights matters of concern in the New Zealand standard setting environment where there is a strategic objective to undertake research.

scholarly journals Vlaamse krantenverslaggeving over cyberpesten

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Vermeulen MSc ◽  
Heidi Vandebosch
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Societal Problem ◽  
The Media

Flemish newspaper coverage on cyberbullying Flemish newspaper coverage on cyberbullying The amount of coverage on cyberbullying, as well as the way the issue is portrayed in the media, may influence the perceptions of policy makers and the public at large. However, few studies have paid attention to the media coverage on cyberbullying. The current paper tries to fill the existing gap by analyzing the articles on cyberbullying in six Flemish newspapers. This explorative quantitative content analysis shows that cyberbullying is a recurrent topic in the Flemish newspapers since 2005. The issue is presented as a societal problem (as indicated by research results), that is already being addressed by a wide range of actors and actions on different (local/Flemish) levels. Cases seem to become especially newsworthy when the cyberbullying is related to suicide. Future research might investigate how the amount and type of media coverage on cyberbullying influences the perception of this problem by youngsters, parents and the public at large.

Is This WhatsApp Conversation Aggressive? Adolescents’ Perception of Cyber Dating Aggression

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110280
Author(s):  
Virginia Sánchez-Jiménez ◽  
María-Luisa Rodríguez-deArriba ◽  
Noelia Muñoz-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Behavior ◽  
Dating Aggression ◽  
Adolescent Romantic Relationships ◽  
Cyber Aggression ◽  
The Public ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Do So

This study investigated adolescents’ understanding of cyber dating aggression in terms of frequency and aggressiveness: how prevalent they perceived cyber dating aggression among adolescents and how aggressive they perceived such behaviors to be. To do so, different WhatsApp scenarios were presented to adolescents, controlling for the typology of cyber dating aggression (verbal/emotional, controlling, or sexual) and its publicity (public or private cyber dating aggression). The moderating effect of gender and moral disengagement (MD) was also analyzed. A total of 262 adolescents (56.5% girls; mean age of 14.46 years) participated in the study and answered a computer-based questionnaire. General linear models revealed that adolescents consider cyber dating aggression to be present in most adolescent romantic relationships. Controlling online behavior was perceived as the most frequent and the least aggressive behavior. Adolescents rated private cyber aggression as more frequent and less aggressive than public cyber aggressions. Controlling for gender, girls reported that cyber dating aggression was more common and more severe than boys. Moreover, participants with high levels of MD perceived cyber dating aggressions to be less aggressive than participants with medium-low MD. This study reveals the significance of the type of cyber dating aggression, the public/private dimension, gender, and MD as variables that influence adolescent understanding of cyber dating aggression. These results have implications not only for the design of cyber dating aggression prevention programs but also for future research on cyber dating aggression.

The erosion of public sector vaccine production: the case of the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Blume
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Vaccination Programme ◽  
Do So

A century ago, state institutes of public health played an important role in the production of sera and vaccines. In The Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries they continued to do so until after World War II. Focusing in particular on The Netherlands, this chapter examines their withdrawal from vaccine production in the past 20 years. In the 1980s the Dutch government was still committed to maintaining the state’s ability to produce the vaccines needed by the national vaccination programme. A series of legal and institutional changes sought to protect the public sector vaccine producer against the threat of privatisation. These changes ultimately proved inadequate. Not only was the Institute’s ability to meet demand for new vaccines being eroded by global developments, but policy makers were increasingly convinced that vaccination practices should be harmonised with those of other European countries. The decision to sell off the Dutch state’s vaccine production facilities, taken in 2009, has to be understood in historical context. It was the outcome of globalisation processes that for two decades had worked simultaneously on both the supply and the demand sides

scholarly journals Heuristics and Political Elites’ Judgment and Decision-Making

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Vis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Availability Heuristic ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Decisions Under Uncertainty ◽  
Fast And Frugal Heuristics

It is broadly assumed that political elites (e.g. party leaders) regularly rely on heuristics in their judgments or decision-making. In this article, I aim to bring together and discuss the scattered literature on this topic. To address the current conceptual unclarity, I discuss two traditions on heuristics: (1) the heuristics and biases (H&B) tradition pioneered by Kahneman and Tversky and (2) the fast and frugal heuristics (F&F) tradition pioneered by Gigerenzer et al. I propose to concentrate on two well-defined heuristics from the H&B tradition— availability and representativeness—to empirically assess when political elites rely on heuristics and thereby understand better their judgments and decisions. My review of existing studies supports the notion that political elites use the availability heuristic and possibly the representativeness one for making complex decisions under uncertainty. It also reveals that besides this, we still know relatively little about when political elites use which heuristic and with what effect(s). Therefore, I end by proposing an agenda for future research.

scholarly journals E-micromobilities and their role in improving air quality and public health: A roundtable discussion in Leeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Bridge
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The City

BackgroundElectric micromobility vehicles such as e-bikes ande-scooters are increasing in popularity. E-bikes, in particular, represent a significantopportunity for promoting more active forms of travel, as they enable a widerrange of people to access individual mobility, whilst also having many of thehealth benefits associated with non-power assisted cycling. Beyond the fitnessbenefits, e-micromobilities offer community level benefits including reduced roadcongestion and reduced noise and air pollution. As a city, Leeds has committed to achieving net zero by 2030. In order to achieve that ambition, there is aneed for rapid, large-scale action, with increased active travel and e-micromobility use key to that shift. Despite their benefits, many questions relating to the use and growth of e-micromobilites remain unanswered. For instance, what infrastructurewould be needed? Should regulations be developed and applied? Will drivers require insurance, licencing or road tax? What impact will e-micromobilities have on transport inequalities? How will an increase in use of e-micromobilityvehicles impact existing travel behaviours? Exploring these questions at alocal and national level will be key to planning for the potential impacts,both positive and negative, that new powered modes of travel will have onstreets.MethodTo explore the questions posed above, a roundtablediscussion will be hosted in Leeds. Leeds is a city in the north of Englandthat has committed to achieving net zero by 2030. The roundtable will include adiverse sample of people from across the city, including policy makers, travelplanners, town planners, members of the public, and academics working in activetravel and micromobility research. To develop the questions asked, a literature reviewwill be conducted. The questions will be shared with key stakeholders tocomment on and finalise. The final list of questions will be shared with registeredparticipants ahead of the roundtable. During the roundtable, there will be timeprovided for open ended discussions about the key issues highlighted. All participants will be invited via email, with aninformation sheet provided to them. All participants will be asked to provideconsent before taking part and will be able to withdraw at any point up untildata analysis. Depending on the availability of participants 1 to 3 roundtableswill be hosted, each lasting up to 60 minutes. The roundtable will befacilitated to ensure all questions are explored and that everyone has a voice.The facilitator will act objectively. The discussion will be recorded andtranscripts produced. The transcripts will be thematically analysed to identifykey themes discussed.Possible outcomesA report will be produced from the roundtablediscussions. The report will be shared with key stakeholders across the cityand wider region. Based on the discussions, recommendations for the city willbe developed. The report and recommendations could be used to facilitatefurther discussion and inform future research.

Assessments of User Comments With “Alternative Views” as a Function of Media Trust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marlene Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing

Abstract. Comments sections under news articles have become popular spaces for audience members to oppose the mainstream media’s perspective on political issues by expressing alternative views. This kind of challenge to mainstream discourses is a necessary element of proper deliberation. However, due to heuristic information processing and the public concern about disinformation online, readers of comments sections may be inherently skeptical about user comments that counter the views of mainstream media. Consequently, commenters with alternative views may participate in discussions from a position of disadvantage because their contributions are scrutinized particularly critically. Nevertheless, this effect has hitherto not been empirically established. To address this gap, a multifactorial, between-subjects experimental study ( N = 166) was conducted that investigated how participants assess the credibility and argument quality of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. The findings revealed that media-dissonant user comments are, indeed, disadvantaged in online discussions, as they are assessed as less credible and more poorly argued than media-congruent user comments. Moreover, the findings showed that the higher the participants’ level of media trust, the worse the assessment of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

The Impact of the Public Expenditure Cuts Policy on the Labor Market in Vietnam

2012 ◽  
pp. 22-46
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen Thi Lan ◽  
Toan Pham Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public expenditure cuts on employment and income to support policies for the development of the labor mar- ket. Impact evaluation is of interest for policy makers as well as researchers. This paper presents a method – that is based on a Computable General Equilibrium model – to analyse the impact of the public expenditure cuts policy on employment and income in industries and occupations in Vietnam using macro data, the Input output table, 2006, 2008 and the 2010 Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

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