scholarly journals Simulation Study of Dynamic Bus Lane Concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Mateusz Szarata ◽  
Piotr Olszewski ◽  
Lesław Bichajło
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
Microsimulation Models ◽  
Exclusive Bus Lane

Not many publications are available on using microsimulation models to analyze the feasibility of implementing the dynamic bus lane (DBL) concept. The paper presents the methodology and calibration process used for DBL modeling. For the selected four sites in Rzeszów (Poland), three options were analyzed: no bus lane, standard exclusive bus lane (XBL), and dynamic bus lane. The analyses were carried out using PTV Vissim software with an additional logic script to control the DBL activation. Simulation model parameters were calibrated using a genetic algorithm. The final assessment of individual options was based on the weighted average travel time for all transport modes. The results show that the dynamic bus lane could bring the same benefits to public transport and cause only a slight increase in travel times in private transport compared to XBL. The XBL solution, depending on the site, led to increasing the average travel time in private transport by 12% to 25%, while the dynamic bus lane increased by 1% to 12%. Weighted average travel time per person is proposed as the overall indicator of efficiency. Preliminary analyses show that the bus volume, bus occupancy, routing, and traffic conditions will affect the efficiency of the new solution.

scholarly journals THE ACCESSIBILITY OF EUROPEAN REGIONS AND AIRPORT NETWORK

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Redondi ◽  
Paolo Malighetti ◽  
Stefano Paleari
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Direct Flight ◽  
Total Travel Time

The objective of this work is to evaluate the accessibility of European municipalities by air transport. We focus on travels that typically require the use of air transport by computing the quickest paths between any pair of municipalities separated by more than 500 km. The total travel time includes three components: i) travel by car or High Speed Train to reach the origin airport, ii) travel by air from the origin airport to the destination airport, including waiting times when no direct flight is available and iii) travel by car or High Speed Train from the destination airport to the municipality of destination. For each territorial unit, we calculate the population-weighted average travel time to reach any other municipality in Europe.

scholarly journals Impacts of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway on Accessibility and Economic Linkage of the Third Pole

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shicheng Li ◽  
Jian Gong ◽  
Qinghai Deng ◽  
Tianyu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Economic Linkages

Constructing the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR) was a landmark project and was beneficial to the sustainable development of the Third Pole. To understand the sustainable development of remote regions by the provision of railway, we studied the QTR’s impact on accessibilities and economic linkages for four cities in the Third Pole, Xining, Golmud, Nagqu, and Lhasa, and between these four cities and 29 capital cities in mid-eastern China. First, employing average shortest travel time (ASTT) and weighted average travel time (WATT) as indicators, we calculated the railway-based accessibilities for June 2006 and January 2013. Then, using a gravity model, railway-based economic linkages were determined. The results demonstrate that: (i) ASTT for Xining–Golmud decreased by 4.14 h from June 2006 to January 2013. Both ASTT and WATT indicated that the accessibilities of the four cities and between these four cities and 29 capital cities in mid-eastern China improved significantly, and the spatial disparity in accessibility for the four cities decreased, which increased the balance and sustainability of the transportation system; (ii) the average contribution rate of the QTR to improving economic linkages for six routes among the four cities was 25.29%, with the Xining–Nagqu and Nagqu–Lhasa linkages improving most significantly; (iii) the QTR strengthened economic linkages between the four cities and mid-eastern cities. Because of the QTR, the economic linkages between the four cities and 29 capital cities increased 27.58% on average. The spatial disparity in interurban economic linkages also decreased. Transporting products from Tibet should be promoted to strengthen the sustainability of economic growth.

Study on the Quantitative Method of Oversaturated Intersection

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 2100-2104
Author(s):  
Qin Liu ◽  
Jian Min Xu ◽  
Kai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Svm Model

Oversaturation in the modern urban traffic often happens. In order to describe the degree of oversaturation, the indexes of intersection oversaturation degree are put forward include dissipation time, stranded queue, overflow queue and travel speed. On the basis of selected indexes, the genetic algorithm support vector machine (GA-SVM) model was proposed to quantify the degree of oversaturation. In this method the genetic algorithm is used to select the model parameters. The GA-SVM model built is used to quantify the degree of oversaturation. Combining with the volume of intersections in Guangzhou city the method is calculated and simulated through programming. The simulation results show that GA-SVM method is effective and the accuracy of GA-SVM is higher than support vector machine (SVM).This method provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of traffic system under over-saturated traffic conditions.

scholarly journals Travel Time Reliability for Urban Networks: Modelling and Empirics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Zheng ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Henk van Zuylen ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Travel Time Reliability ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Average Travel Time

The importance of travel time reliability in traffic management, control, and network design has received a lot of attention in the past decade. In this paper, a network travel time distribution model based on the Johnson curve system is proposed. The model is applied to field travel time data collected by Automated Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras. We further investigate the network-level travel time reliability by connecting the network reliability measures such as the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate and the weighted skewness of travel time rate distributions with network traffic characteristics (e.g., the network density). The weighting is done with respect to the number of signalized intersections on a trip. A clear linear relation between the weighted average travel time rate and the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate can be observed for different time periods with time-varying demand. Furthermore, both the weighted average travel time rate and the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate increase monotonically with network density. The empirical findings of the relation between network travel time reliability and network traffic characteristics can be possibly applied to assess traffic management and control measures to improve network travel time reliability.

scholarly journals On the Effects of Various Measures of Performance Selections on Simulation Model Calibration Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Chengcheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Lane Change ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Traffic Conflicts ◽  
Headway Distribution ◽  
Multicriteria Calibration ◽  
Measures Of Performance

Objective. This paper examines the effects of various measures of performance (MOP) selections on simulation model calibration performance, in terms of reflecting actual traffic conditions and vehicle interactions. Method. Two intersections in Shanghai were selected for simulation model calibration, one for testing and another for validation. Three effective MOPs were utilized, including average travel time (i.e., time passing the intersection), average queue length, and vehicle headway distribution. The counts of three types of traffic conflicts (i.e., crossing, rear-end, and lane change) were used as safety MOPs. Those MOPs, as calibration objectives, were examined and compared. Results. The results of the testing site showed that different effective MOPs had their own advantages: average travel time appeared to be the best in reflecting lane change and rear-end conflicts while headway distribution performed the best consistency between simulated and actual crossing conflicts. Compared to the safety MOPs, average travel time and headway distribution still performed better, in terms of resulting in more similar simulated conflict metrics (e.g., TTC, PET) to actual ones. A multicriteria calibration strategy based on average travel time and headway distribution generally had better performances in reflecting actual traffic conditions and vehicle interactions than using any single effective or safety MOP. Similar results were found for the validation site. Conclusion. To simulate actual traffic conditions and vehicle interactions, multiple effective MOPs could be simultaneously considered for model calibration, instead of using safety MOPs.

scholarly journals Performance of a Genetic Algorithm for Estimating DeGroot Opinion Diffusion Model Parameters for Health Behavior Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13394
Author(s):  
Kara Layne Johnson ◽  
Jennifer L. Walsh ◽  
Yuri A. Amirkhanian ◽  
Nicole Bohme Carnegie
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Model Misspecification ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Well Performance ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Social Network Intervention

Leveraging social influence is an increasingly common strategy to change population behavior or acceptance of public health policies and interventions; however, assessing the effectiveness of these social network interventions and projecting their performance at scale requires modeling of the opinion diffusion process. We previously developed a genetic algorithm to fit the DeGroot opinion diffusion model in settings with small social networks and limited follow-up of opinion change. Here, we present an assessment of the algorithm performance under the less-than-ideal conditions likely to arise in practical applications. We perform a simulation study to assess the performance of the algorithm in the presence of ordinal (rather than continuous) opinion measurements, network sampling, and model misspecification. We found that the method handles alternate models well, performance depends on the precision of the ordinal scale, and sampling the full network is not necessary to use this method. We also apply insights from the simulation study to investigate notable features of opinion diffusion models for a social network intervention to increase uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM).

scholarly journals Transnational Accessibility between Residential Areas Based on Multimodal Transport System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Nan Xia ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Manchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
Transnational Activities ◽  
Basic Evaluation

Due to the development of globalization, transnational activities are more frequent and evaluations of current accessibility are the basis for accessibility improvements. Accessibility evaluation indices generally contain two parts: travel time and travel probability. However, complex transnational processes involve the multimodal transport system, including air and land transport networks, which makes the calculation of these indices more difficult because large quantities of fundamental data, in addition to suitable models, are needed. In this study, residential areas were set as the basic evaluation unit for fine-scale and whole-process analysis. Then, multiple web-sourced platforms were introduced to acquire the travel time between each pair of residential areas. The temporal-range radiation model was applied to calculate transnational travel probability by considering spatial interactions of populations. Finally, the weighted-average travel time to South Asia and Southeast Asia (SA&SEA) countries was generated to represent the overall accessibility for each populated area in China. The results showed that China had better accessibility to SEA than SA, and countries with high accessibility were Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia. In China, southwest, south, and southeast regions showed larger accessibility to SA&SEA. Improvements of accessibility were also indicated by conjoint analysis of airport nodes. The proposed framework can help to delineate the spatial patterns of transnational accessibility and guide the enhancements of accessibility.

scholarly journals Bus arrival time prediction using mixed multi-route arrival time data at previous stop

Transport ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuedong Hua ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yinhai Wang ◽  
Min Ren
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Time Prediction ◽  
Algorithm Comparison ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Arrival Time Prediction

The primary objective of this paper is to develop models to predict bus arrival time at a target stop using actual multi-route bus arrival time data from previous stop as inputs. In order to mix and fully utilize the multiple routes bus arrival time data, the weighted average travel time and three Forgetting Factor Functions (FFFs) – F1, F2 and F3 – are introduced. Based on different combinations of input variables, five prediction models are proposed. Three widely used algorithms, i.e. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neutral Network (ANN) and Linear Regression (LR), are tested to find the best for arrival time prediction. Bus location data of 11 road segments from Yichun (China), covering 12 bus stops and 16 routes, are collected to evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches. The results show that the newly introduced parameters, the weighted average travel time, can significantly improve the prediction accuracy: the prediction errors reduce by around 20%. The algorithm comparison demonstrates that the SVM and ANN outperform the LR. The FFFs can also affect the performance errors: F1 is more suitable for ANN algorithm, while F3 is better for SVM and LR algorithms. Besides, the virtual road concept in this paper can slightly improve the prediction accuracy and halve the time cost of predicted arrival time calculation.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cooperative Perception in Ant Traffic and Its Effects on Transportation System by Using a Congestion-Free Ant-Trail Model

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2393
Author(s):  
Prafull Kasture ◽  
Hidekazu Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Average Velocity ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Mathematical Representations ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Ant Trail

We investigated agent-based model simulations that mimic an ant transportation system to analyze the cooperative perception and communication in the system. On a trail, ants use cooperative perception through chemotaxis to maintain a constant average velocity irrespective of their density, thereby avoiding traffic jams. Using model simulations and approximate mathematical representations, we analyzed various aspects of the communication system and their effects on cooperative perception in ant traffic. Based on the analysis, insights about the cooperative perception of ants which facilitate decentralized self-organization is presented. We also present values of communication-parameters in ant traffic, where the system conveys traffic conditions to individual ants, which ants use to self-organize and avoid traffic-jams. The mathematical analysis also verifies our findings and provides a better understanding of various model parameters leading to model improvements.

Using GTFS to Calculate Travel Time Savings Potential of Bus Preferential Treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110092
Author(s):  
Daniel Arias ◽  
Kara Todd ◽  
Jennifer Krieger ◽  
Spencer Maddox ◽  
Pearse Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Travel Time Savings ◽  
Bus Lane ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Bus Network ◽  
Bus Networks ◽  
Transit Agencies

Dedicated bus lanes and other transit priority treatments are a cost-effective way to improve transit speed and reliability. However, creating a bus lane can be a contentious process; it requires justification to the public and frequently entails competition for federal grants. In addition, more complex bus networks are likely to have unknown locations where transit priority infrastructure would provide high value to riders. This analysis presents a methodology for estimating the value of bus preferential treatments for all segments of a given bus network. It calculates the passenger-weighted travel time savings potential for each inter-stop segment based on schedule padding. The input data, ridership data, and General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) trip-stop data are universally accessible to transit agencies. This study examines the 2018 Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) bus network and identifies a portion of route 39 on Buford Highway as an example candidate for a bus lane corridor. The results are used to evaluate the value of time savings to passengers, operating cost savings to the agency, and other benefits that would result from implementing bus lanes on Buford Highway. This study does not extend to estimating the cost of transit priority infrastructure or recommending locations based on traffic flow characteristics. However, it does provide a reproducible methodology to estimate the value of transit priority treatments, and it identifies locations with high value, all using data that are readily available to transit agencies. Conducting this analysis provides a foundation for beginning the planning process for transit priority infrastructure.

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