scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Freedom on Economic and Environmental Performance: Evidence from European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
Jonas Rapsikevicius ◽  
Jurgita Bruneckiene ◽  
Mantas Lukauskas ◽  
Sarunas Mikalonis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
The Impact

The EU Green Deal and its impact on economic transformation provoked a slightly forgotten free market vs. market regulation discussion, but in the light of a new context—economic and environmental performance development. The economic shock caused by COVID-19, which transformed economies and societies, intensified this discussion. This article analyses the impact of economic freedom on economic performance and environmental performance in European countries. The article contributes to a gap in the literature, because, to date, research has examined the effects of economic freedom, or some of its components, on economic or environmental measures in groups of nations with a lacking sustainable development context. In addition, the mixed results obtained led to confusion in perceptions and knowledge about the influence and usefulness of economic freedom for economic and environmental performance. We also found mixed results regarding the influence of economic freedom on economic and environmental performance, but the introduction of a new concept—the optimal level of economic freedom—organized the different results into a coherent logical sequence. The paper provides original empirical evidence and specifies the targets of structural reforms. The results are thus useful for policymakers to develop more appropriate and efficient economic freedom.

scholarly journals Why is the City Maps’ Content of Eastern and Central European Countries So Extensive?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Agata Ciołkosz-Styk ◽  
Wiesław Ostrowski
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
The City

Abstract Significant changes in the wealth, variety and level of graphic form of city maps are noticeable in recent years, particularly those from Central and Eastern European countries. This is a consequence of the political and economic transformation, resulting in the abolition of censorship and introduction of the free market. City maps published in Western Europe have evolved as well during the aforementioned period due to higher political and economic stability. The paper compares city maps content of 18 European countries and shows the influence of Soviet cartographic style on city maps image in post-communist countries.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cultural-Historical Determinants on Functional-Spatial Development of Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Hanna Borucińska-Bieńkowska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Rural Urbanization ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article discusses selected issues regarding the influence of cultural-historical determinants on functional-spatial development of rural areas. Ecological, economic and social processes taking place in the last decades are examined in the context of the development of local self-governments and the rise of free market economy after Poland’s socio-economic transformation. The process of intensive rural urbanization occurs especially in areas within the impact zone of big cities. It is caused by, i.a., human migration into rural areas and development of areas of business activation. The abovementioned tendencies that occur in the ecological, economic and social context have a significant impact on functional-spatial development. Expansion of housing developments and, in effect, expansion and development of necessary technical infrastructure gives rise to many problems concerning preservation of cultural heritage of the Polish countryside. The pursuit of sustainable development of rural areas is fundamental in regard to ruralist solutions as well as preservation of traditional rural architecture. Cultural-historical determinants play a considerable role in this pursuit, especially in the context of threats that stem from overurbanization of rural areas.

scholarly journals The influence of socio-demographic factors on attitudes towards climate change among the inhabitants of European countries: cross-country analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
Vladimir Istomin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

The increased interest in the topic of climate change (IC) on the part of the general public can be demonstrated by the fact that the number of search queries on Google with the topic "climate change" has doubled over the past five years. All this creates a field for the study of public opinion on the problem of IC. However, at the moment, there is a gap in the Russian literature in the study of this topic from the point of view of the social sciences; most of the works are devoted to the causes and consequences of this phenomenon from the standpoint of natural sciences and economics. The study aims to identify the differences in the nature of the impact between the "usual" socio-demographic characteristics and other characteristics of the inhabitants of European countries on attitudes towards climate change. The aim of the study is to assess the ability of "familiar" socio-demographic characteristics in comparison with "unusual" characteristics to explain attitudes towards climate change and to differentiate countries by the nature of the impact of these characteristics. The scientific significance of this work is to determine the place of "habitual" socio-demographic characteristics in the study of attitudes towards climate change. From an applied point of view, the nature of the influence of "familiar" socio-demographic characteristics is important when targeting a certain group of people (most often it is determined by such characteristics) in the framework of environmental measures.

Is Insider Control Good for Environmental Performance? Evidence From Dual-Class Firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-748
Author(s):  
Paul Seaborn ◽  
Tricia D. Olsen ◽  
Jason Howell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Practice ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Dual Class ◽  
The Impact

Corporate environmental performance has become a key focus of business leaders, policy makers, and scholars alike. Today, scholarship on environmental practice increasingly highlights how various aspects of corporate governance can influence environmental performance. However, the prior literature is inconclusive as to whether ownership by insiders (officers and directors) will have positive or negative environmental effects and whether insider voting control or equity control is more salient to environmental outcomes. This article leverages a unique empirical data set of dual-class firms, where insiders have voting rights disproportionate to their equity rights, to shed light on this question. We find that, on average, dual-class firms underperform their single-class peers on environmental measures and that the discrepancy comes from dual-class firms where insiders have more voting control, relative to their equity stake. While small increases in voting control are associated with improved environmental performance, too much (relative to insiders’ equity stake) worsens firms’ environmental performance. Insider equity control alone has no impact on environmental outcomes. Our findings have important implications for agency theory and environmental scholarship by identifying contingencies on the impact of voting and equity-based incentives. This research casts doubt on the idea that providing insiders with significant voting control will aid environmental performance.

scholarly journals Social Media and Environmental Sustainability: An Overview of European Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica De Leo ◽  
Ginevra Gravili ◽  
Pier Paolo Miglietta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Impact

<p>The theme of the relationship between social media and sustainability has prompted many scholars to analyze the impact that “virtual information” has on the environment. This study empirically tests two models that examine the effects of cultural values and social media on environmental performance by considering different variables such as Social Media penetration, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and Environmental Performance Index. Two multiple linear regression models were employed to test the hypotheses on a sample of 30 European Countries.</p><p>Empirical results, extensible to all of Europe, conclude that the cultural dimensions analyzed, as well as social media penetration, significantly influence environmental performance of European Countries when we execute a combined model.</p>Social media are arguably an integral part of sustainability strategy and future research on IT and sustainability needs to take a more integrated approach. If we consider that social media have a positive effect on the environment it is easy to intuit that if governance implements effective policies to ensure social media access for everyone, real sustainable development could be achieved.

scholarly journals Transformation of Central and Eastern European Countries from the Perspective of New Institutional Economics

Ekonomika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Swatek
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Economic transformation in Central and Eastern European countries is a very complex process widely discussed in the literature on the subject. It has also become the subject of research and analyses of New Institutional Economics which pays attention to new aspects of transformation. From the NIE perspective, transformation is a long-lasting process of changes of formal institutions, especially property rights and contracts, and informal institutions, such as ethical standards, conventions, religious beliefs and mentality of society. The success of the transformation depends on the degree to which new formal rules correspond to informal rules existing in society. The assessment of the quality of Central and Eastern European countries leaves a lot to be desired; the highest level was achieved by the EU member states, whereas the republics of the former USSR are in the worst situation. The underlying causes of such diversified results of political transformations are disparate historical traditions connected with the market economy and unequal preparation of societies to exist both in the free market conditions and in the diversified political, social and economic situation.The improvement of governing quality is a priority in post-communist countries. Achieving a positive institutional effect requires much time and consistent actions, but from the time perspective it is crucial in order to enjoy economic success.

scholarly journals THE CHANGE FROM A COMMAND-TO A MARKET BANKING SYSTEM IN THE CASES OF SELECT GROUPS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Stavrova
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Banking System ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
European Banking ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

In this article, the general stages of the banking sector’s transition to a free market are examined in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the effects of the last crisis on the financial and economic system of these countries. The process of this change is different and is important for their integration into the common European banking market, as well as their influence on the development of the economies of these countries as a whole. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to compare the processes of change in organizational structure and the difficulty of integrating these banking sectors with the banking sectors of Western European countries. The focus is also on assessing the impact of the global financial and economic crisis on their sustainable development. The databases of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have been used to establish a common pattern in some sectors - the growth of non-performing loans during the crisis, it also implies a concerted effort to overcome this important indicator of their sustainability and behavior.

scholarly journals Minimize the impact of waste pollution in ship repair processes to Improving Shipyard Industrial Infrastructure Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 08006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashari Rachmat ◽  
Budianto Emil ◽  
Herdiansyah Herdis ◽  
Karuniasa Mahawan ◽  
A Saragi Putri
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Infrastructure Management ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship Repair

Increasing the number of ship repair that make improvements it can be ensured that the greater the level of pollution will occur. Facilities (Infrastructure) is very helpful to minimize the pollution that will occur when ship repair. If the conditions of Infrastructure make it possible to flourish nowadays, which will further improve environmental performance. Development to improve domestic shipyard Infrastructure sustainability is very importance since 20% of national ship repair is still undertaken in foreign shipyard. This indicates that the ability of national shipyards still need to be improved especially in the infrastructure and facilities sector as production supports. This paper used data sample was undertaken in State-Owned Shipyard industry located in North Jakarta. Data analysis was undertaken starting from the ship entry, repair process until the accomplishment of ship repair. This research is testing the chemical impacts with related chemical parameters around the shipyard. the results showed that dangerous chemical concentrations were located around the shipyard and threatened the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. there needs to be management of shipbuilding infrastructure management that can minimize hazardous waste, especially basic storage. Basically the improvement of shipyard infrastructure can be undertaken if the ship repair process keeps increasing.

scholarly journals Is there “too much finance” in central and eastern european countries?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Wojciech Grabowski ◽  
Iwona Maciejczyk-Bujnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Markets And Institutions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, the parameters of the growth regression, including different variables measuring the degree of financial development for the Central and Eastern European countries are estimated. Next, the optimal values of specific variables measuring the level of financial development are calculated. The results of the empirical investigation indicate that countries with more stable financial markets and institutions and greater access to them grew faster in the period 2001-2015. The results reflecting the impact of the financial deepening on economic growth are more ambiguous. In the pre-crisis period, the relationship between the depth of financial institutions and economic growth turned out to be insignificant. After 2007, countries with moderate values (about 60%) of this coefficient recorded higher rates of growth in real GDP. A U-shaped relationship between the depth of financial markets and economic growth was identified. However the optimal level of development of stock markets was much higher in 2001-2007 than after the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy

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