scholarly journals The Sustainability of Thailand’s Protected-Area System under Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2868
Author(s):  
Nirunrut Pomoim ◽  
Robert J. Zomer ◽  
Alice C. Hughes ◽  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Spatial Reorganization ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Environmental Stratification ◽  
Earth System Models

Protected areas are the backbone of biodiversity conservation but vulnerable to climate change. Thailand has a large and well-planned protected area system, covering most remaining natural vegetation. A statistically derived global environmental stratification (GEnS) was used to predict changes in bioclimatic conditions across the protected area system for 2050 and 2070, based on projections from three CMIP5 earth system models and two representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Five bioclimatic zones were identified composed of 28 strata. Substantial spatial reorganization of bioclimates is projected in the next 50 years, even under RCP2.6, while under RCP8.5 the average upward shift for all zones by 2070 is 328–483 m and the coolest zone disappears with two models. Overall, 7.9–31.0% of Thailand’s land area will change zone by 2070, and 31.7–90.2% will change stratum. The consequences for biodiversity are less clear, particularly in the lowlands where the existing vegetation mosaic is determined largely by factors other than climate. Increasing connectivity of protected areas along temperature and rainfall gradients would allow species to migrate in response to climate change, but this will be difficult in much of Thailand. For isolated protected areas and species that cannot move fast enough, more active, species-specific interventions may be necessary.

scholarly journals Projected Impacts of Climate Change on the Protected Areas of Myanmar

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Thazin Nwe ◽  
Robert J. Zomer ◽  
Richard T. Corlett
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Elevational Range ◽  
Environmental Stratification ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Protected areas are the backbone of biodiversity conservation but are fixed in space and vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change. Myanmar is exceptionally rich in biodiversity but has a small protected area system. This study aimed to assess the potential vulnerability of this system to climate change. In the absence of good biodiversity data, we used a spatial modeling approach based on a statistically derived bioclimatic stratification (the Global Environmental Stratification, GEnS) to understand the spatial implications of projected climate change for Myanmar’s protected area system by 2050 and 2070. Nine bioclimatic zones and 41 strata were recognized in Myanmar, but their representation in the protected area system varied greatly, with the driest zones especially underrepresented. Under climate change, most zones will shift upslope, with some protected areas projected to change entirely to a new bioclimate. Potential impacts on biodiversity include mountaintop extinctions of species endemic to isolated peaks, loss of climate specialists from small protected areas and those with little elevational range, and woody encroachment into savannas and open forests as a result of both climate change and rising atmospheric CO2. Myanmar needs larger, better connected, and more representative protected areas, but political, social, and economic problems make this difficult.

scholarly journals Tropical Protected Areas Under Increasing Threats from Climate Change and Deforestation

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn Tabor ◽  
Jennifer Hewson ◽  
Hsin Tien ◽  
Mariano González-Roglich ◽  
David Hole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Humid Tropical Forest ◽  
Global Drivers

Identifying protected areas most susceptible to climate change and deforestation represents critical information for determining conservation investments. Development of effective landscape interventions is required to ensure the preservation and protection of these areas essential to ecosystem service provision, provide high biodiversity value, and serve a critical habitat connectivity role. We identified vulnerable protected areas in the humid tropical forest biome using climate metrics for 2050 and future deforestation risk for 2024 modeled from historical deforestation and global drivers of deforestation. Results show distinct continental and regional patterns of combined threats to protected areas. Eleven Mha (2%) of global humid tropical protected area was exposed to the highest combined threats and should be prioritized for investments in landscape interventions focused on adaptation to climate stressors. Global tropical protected area exposed to the lowest deforestation risk but highest climate risks totaled 135 Mha (26%). Thirty-five percent of South America’s protected area fell into this risk category and should be prioritized for increasing protected area size and connectivity to facilitate species movement. Global humid tropical protected area exposed to a combination of the lowest deforestation and lowest climate risks totaled 89 Mha (17%), and were disproportionately located in Africa (34%) and Asia (17%), indicating opportunities for low-risk conservation investments for improved connectivity to these potential climate refugia. This type of biome-scale, protected area analysis, combining both climate change and deforestation threats, is critical to informing policies and landscape interventions to maximize investments for environmental conservation and increase ecosystem resilience to climate change.

scholarly journals Modification of forests by people means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Grantham ◽  
A. Duncan ◽  
T. D. Evans ◽  
K. Jones ◽  
H. Beyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Continuous Index ◽  
Landscape Level

AbstractMany global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remains poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on observed and inferred human pressures and an index of lost connectivity, we generate the first globally-consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by degree of anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 of forest (40.5%) have high landscape level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally-designated protected areas. Of the forest in protected areas, only 56% has high landscape level integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest integrity, especially in the most intact areas, are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at halting deforestation and restoring the integrity of forests globally.

scholarly journals Shifts in habitat suitability and the conservation status of the Endangered Andean cat Leopardus jacobita under climate change scenarios

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bennett ◽  
Pablo A. Marquet ◽  
Claudio Sillero-Zubiri ◽  
Jorgelina Marino
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Distribution Modelling ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Peruvian Andes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Lagidium Viscacia

AbstractOrganisms adapted to life at high elevations are particularly threatened by climate change, which can cause them to become isolated on mountain tops, yet their responses may vary according to their position in the food chain and their ecological flexibility. Predicting the future distributions of such organisms requires fine-tuned species-specific models. Building on a previous ecological niche model, we explored shifts in the suitability of habitats for the Endangered Andean cat Leopardus jacobita, and assessed how these will be represented within existing protected areas in the future. Using a robust set of presence records and corrected climate surfaces, we applied the Maxent algorithm to model habitat suitability for this carnivore and for its preferred prey, the mountain viscacha Lagidium viscacia. Our predictions indicate that the areas climatically suitable for Andean cats could contract by up to 30% by 2080 under the most pessimistic scenario, with an overall upwards shift of 225 m and a polewards displacement of 98–180 km. The predicted range contraction was more pronounced in the species’ core range, in the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes, whereas suitable conditions may increase in the southern range in Patagonia. Bolivia and Peru are predicted to suffer the most marked decline in habitat representativeness within protected areas. The southern range appears to be less vulnerable to climate change, offering opportunities for the conservation of this genetically distinct population. We discuss the value and limitations of using species distribution modelling to assess changes in the potential distribution and conservation status of this and other Andean species.

The Influence of Changing Conservation Paradigms on Identifying Priority Protected Area Locations

2011 ◽  
pp. 286-302
Author(s):  
Alan Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Hydrological Services

Conservation planning for climate change adaptation is only one in a long sequence of conservation paradigms. To identify priority locations for protected areas it must compete with three other contemporary paradigms: conservation of ecosystem services, optimizing conservation of ecosystem services and poverty alleviation, and reducing carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. This chapter shows how conservation paradigms evolved, discusses the merits of different approaches to modelling potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity, and describes the hybrid BIOCLIMA model and its application to Amazonia. It then discusses conservation planning applications of the three other contemporary paradigms, illustrated by examples from Amazonia and Kenya. It finds that rapid paradigm evolution is not a handicap if earlier paradigms can be nested within later ones. But more sophisticated planning tools are needed to identify optimal locations of protected areas when climate is changing, and to use protection to mitigate climate change. These should encompass the complex interactions between biodiversity, hydrological services, carbon cycling services, climate change, and human systems.

scholarly journals Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Grantham ◽  
A. Duncan ◽  
T. D. Evans ◽  
K. R. Jones ◽  
H. L. Beyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Continuous Index ◽  
Landscape Level

AbstractMany global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale and degree of forest modification remain poorly quantified and mapped. By integrating data on observed and inferred human pressures and an index of lost connectivity, we generate a globally consistent, continuous index of forest condition as determined by the degree of anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 of forest (40.5%) has high landscape-level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, the Amazon, Central Africa, and New Guinea) and only 27% of this area is found in nationally designated protected areas. Of the forest inside protected areas, only 56% has high landscape-level integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize the retention of forest integrity, especially in the most intact areas, are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at halting deforestation and restoring the integrity of forests globally.

scholarly journals Economic growth and conservation effort in the Congo Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Novice Patrick Bakehe ◽  
Roukiya Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Per Capita

In a world increasingly subject to climate change, protected areas are of particular importance for conserving biodiversity and human livelihoods. Therefore, they play an important role in helping many species, populations, and countries adapt to climate change. This paper analyzes the effects of economic growth on the evolution of the protected areas. The study examines this relation using a sample of nine countries of the Congo Basin from 1990 to 2010. The econometric results show that an increase in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita has a positive impact on the extent of the protected area in this region regardless of the model chosen. Therefore, economic growth is a means used for the preservation of biodiversity in the Congo Basin. Moreover, the population density is negative and statistically significant. This shows that the protected areas of the Congo Basin are particularly threatened in densely populated areas.

Climate change and protected areas policy, planning and management in Canada's boreal forest

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Scott ◽  
Christopher Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Policy Planning ◽  
International Scientific Community ◽  
System Planning ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

For over a decade, the international scientific community and protected areas professionals have recognized that climate change will have critical implications for protected areas policy, planning and management. However, only a limited literature to date has focused on the implications of climate change for specific protected areas jurisdictions (i.e., national and/or provincial/territorial parks systems). This paper provides an overview of the potential impacts of climate change on Canada's system of boreal protected areas, highlighting the cross-jurisdictional policy, planning and management sensitivities in this biome. Results of a nation-wide climate change survey with protected area organizations are also presented, which reveal a strong incongruity between the perceived salience of climate change for protected area policy and management and a lack of available resources to provide capacity to deal with the challenge of climate change adaptation. To safeguard against the limitations of traditional protected areas system planning, and to ensure the persistence of boreal ecodiversity over the 21st century and beyond, we call for more rigorous and practical discussion by Canadian protected areas agencies and organizations on the issue of climate change and for a collective and proactive management response. Key words: protected areas, climate change, boreal forest, Canada, adaptation, impacts, policy, planning, management

New data on aphyllophoraceous fungi (Basidiomycota) of the protected areas of the Leningrad Region. X. State Nature Reserve «Kurgalsky»

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Kotkova
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
State Nature Reserve ◽  
X State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Aphyllophoroid Fungi ◽  
State Nature

The paper provides the data on aphyllophoroid fungi of the State Nature Reserve «Kurgalsky» situated in the Kingisepp District of the Leningrad Region. The list includes 285 species annotated by data on their habitats, substrates and frequency. In total 25 species protected in the Leningrad Region and 3 species protected in Russian Federation were found in the protected area. Chaetodermella luna, Phlebia subochracea and Trechispora stevensonii are published for the first time for the Leningrad Region. The specimens of selected species are kept in the Mycological Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS (LE).

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