scholarly journals Circle in Space—Space in Circle: A Study of Ratio between Open Space and Built-Up Area in Historical Circular Objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4662
Author(s):  
Biljana Stanislav Jović ◽  
Aleksandar Acim Čučaković ◽  
Mihailo Nebojsa Grbić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Multiple Objects ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Circular Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods

Many cities nowadays explore different circular designs as new sustainable city concepts in different urban aspects. The new trend, as part of the adaptation for climate change, is a strategy of increasing the number of urban open spaces, and circular plan design could be a sustainable approach to urban development. This paper provides a historical overview of various examples of circular objects containing built structures and open spaces from the Neolithic to the present. The Built-Up Area (BUA) and Open Space (OS) relationships are shown histogramically for 36 objects arranged chronologically. The morphospace analysis was performed to determine any possible regularity in the relationships of parts of circular objects. For the purpose of this research, three variables were chosen. First, all selected historical examples of circular objects were divided into two main categories: objects with a total diameter smaller than 300 m and objects with a total diameter bigger than 300 m. Additionally, the selected circular objects were divided by their type of open space to better understand their spatial position. The largest number of analyzed objects belongs to the Parks–Gardens category, followed by settlements, and then earth works, sacral objects and circular buildings, with the smallest number of circular objects being in the category of allotments and plazas. The second variable was Jam area and % of Jam. The buildings are of different sizes up to several hundred m2, and the areas range up to several hundred ha. The total area to OS ratio ranges from 0% (for Large Serdab) to 100% (for multiple objects). There is a similar situation with the diameter ratios (total and “jam”). Additionally, the final variable was the historical position of the selected circular objects. Circular objects belong to all historical periods from the Neolithic to the present. The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between OS and BUA in various circular objects with different diameters of open spaces and find out if there was any regularity in this relationship. The morphospace analysis of this research indicates that there is no clear regularity in the relationship between the built-up area and the open space, but the aspects and research results shown here contribute to sustainability since the circular design approach could play a key role in future circular design processes.

Open space and sense of community of older adults: a study in a residential area in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Yu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between quality and quantity of open space in residential areas and the sense of community of Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted with 257 adults aged 55 and over in Kwun Tong, Hong Kong. The quality of open space was assessed from four dimensions: social and recreational facilities, entrance, location and environment. Geographic information system (GIS) was used to evaluate the quantity of open space in terms of size and amount.FindingsThe result shows that the environment has a strong influence on the sense of community, while the quantity of open space does not. The results provide urban planners with evidence for open space planning in the future. Urban planners should consider building more people-oriented environment; such as green areas instead of merely increasing the size, amount and facilities of open space. The Hong Kong Government also needs to review the current standardised planning guideline in order to maximise the social connection of older adults.Originality/valueThis cross-sectional study tried to understand the relationship between the quality and quantity of open spaces and sense of community in Chinese older adults in Hong Kong. It is one of the few studies to simultaneously examine both the quality and quantity of open spaces when studying its relationship with sense of community.

scholarly journals SEBARAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU JAGAKARSA

MODUL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nia Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Relationship

Acceleration in urban development had impact to environment and urban spatial. The increase of physical development and urban infrastructure influence to decreasing quantity of green open space. The green open space needs as one of solution to bind up the relationship between human. The population increased as benchmark of green open spaces needed in the region.. The purpose of this study is: (1) identify spread of green open spaces in Jagakarsa, (2) analize the needed of green open space The analysis method based on spread and land cover constrained by sub district and district garden in Jagakarsa. The spreading of district garden Jagakarsa had not spread which is need government policy to secure and increase spreading the green open space. 

Public open space design in Tokyo urban environment: a historical overview

TERRITORIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Lorena Alessio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Privately Owned

This article questions how the making of public open space have been changing in Tokyo. It identifies specificities of urban fabric and open spaces in Edo, the former Tokyo. It questions how the making of public open space was influenced by Western style and approach in Meiji period (1868-1912). And, how in 1990s Privately Owned Public Spaces (pops) changed public open space design in its scale, quantities and qualities. Specifically, the paper looks at: (a) gathering spaces in Tokyo traditional urban fabric; (b) how first parks were inspired by Western landscape design; (c) when plazas started to be designed in Tokyo; (d) Roppongi Hills as a reference project of one of the first mix-use facilities re-development plan in Tokyo with highly designed pops.

Examining Public Open Spaces by Neighborhood-Level Walkability and Deprivation

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Badland ◽  
Rosanna Keam ◽  
Karen Witten ◽  
Robin Kearns
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
Deprived Neighborhoods ◽  
Safety Features ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Background:Public open spaces (POS) are recognized as important to promote physical activity engagement. However, it is unclear how POS attributes, such as activities available, environmental quality, amenities present, and safety, are associated with neighborhood-level walkability and deprivation.Methods:Twelve neighborhoods were selected within 1 constituent city of Auckland, New Zealand based on higher (n = 6) or lower (n = 6) walkability characteristics. Neighborhoods were dichotomized as more (n = 7) or less (n = 5) socioeconomically deprived. POS (n = 69) were identified within these neighborhoods and audited using the New Zealand-Public Open Space Tool. Unpaired 1-way analysis of variance tests were applied to compare differences in attributes and overall score of POS by neighborhood walkability and deprivation.Results:POS located in more walkable neighborhoods have significantly higher overall scores when compared with less walkable neighborhoods. Deprivation comparisons identified POS located in less deprived communities have better quality environments, but fewer activities and safety features present when compared with more deprived neighborhoods.Conclusions:A positive relationship existed between presence of POS attributes and neighborhood walkability, but the relationship between POS and neighborhood-level deprivation was less clear. Variation in neighborhood POS quality alone is unlikely to explain poorer health outcomes for residents in more deprived areas.

scholarly journals KENYAMANAN TERMAL RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI SEKITAR RUAS JALAN MAGELANG KABUPATEN SLEMAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUKHLISON
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Relationship

The density of traffic on Jalan Magelang, Sleman district potentially increasing the air temperature in the surrounding area will cause an uncomfortable condition. Vegetation on the green open space has a function to reduce air temperature and simultaneously improve thermal comfort. This study aims to assess the condition of the vegetation on the typology and green open spaces, assessing thermal comfort in various types of open green spaces, as well as determine the relationship between thermal comfort and conditions of open green space around Jalan Magelang. This study uses a survey to determine the typology of green open spaces, the condition of vegetation on the green open spaces and measure thermal comfort in each of green open space. The measurement results were analyzed descriptively to determine the relationship between the conditions of vegetation on the green open space formed by the thermal comfort. The results showed that the type of green space around the Jalan Magelang, Sleman district consists of the type of urban forest, urban home gardens, sports fields, cemeteries, yard, and river banks. Vegetation on the green open space in the parameter number of tree species, tree density and diversity index varies. Thermal comfort (THI) at green open space ranged from a low of 23.79 (comfortable) to a high of 31.77 (uncomfortable). Thermal comfort conditions including comfortable criteria only occurs in the yard at Dusun Mlati Dukuh in the morning at 6:00 a.m. to 08:00 pm, while on the other conditions indicate the criteria are quite comfortable and uncomfortable.

scholarly journals A typological classification of neighbourhood public open spaces: A case study of Novi Grad - Podgorica

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Miroslava Vujadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between urban public space and everyday social life, as well as the forms of social interaction as patterns of use of public spaces in collective housing neighbourhoods. Urbanity issues are manifested both at social level by population alienation from the social surroundings, by the lack of joint activities and stay in the neighbourhood public open areas, as well as at physical level, by the lack of the area vitality and security, and neglect. The analysis of the neighborhood spatial form determinants is represented by the universally applicable typology based on spatial and sociological theories about the relationship of urban space and social processes, applicable to areas that generate patterns of people encounters and gatherings. Understanding the relation between human behaviors through the capacity of neighborhood open space contributes to the quality of the open spaces design and especially to enhancing the vitality of the city public spaces. The purpose of this paper is to obtain scientifically based approach to the public space design in a view of its use that may be beneficial to urban planners in the process of urban space regeneration.

Measuring the Influence of Spatial Configuration on Accessibility of Open Space in the Wanchai District of Hong Kong

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Michelle Xiaohong Ling
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Pedestrian Movement ◽  
The Relationship

Whilst Hong Kong is suffering from a limited supply of developable land in its major urban areas, some open spaces are frequently criticized as inconvenient for users, consequently leading to an ineffective use pattern. How to enhance the performance of open space is therefore a critical issue faced by city planners. As the conventional accessibility model, which is mainly described with respect to maximum walking distance or service radius, is inadequate to give an account of the issue, this paper accordingly indicates an alternative approach and seeks an explanation from the urban configuration and the way it conditions pedestrian movement pattern. Through investigating the relationship between urban configuration, pedestrian movement and accessibility and use of open spaces based on the Wanchai District of Hong Kong, which particularly epitomizes various urban grids that may have different consequences on the utilization of open space, this study aims to examine whether there is a consistent relationship existing in different spatial grids or whether the relationship varies from different layout patterns. It is hoped that the findings can be employed to improve the performance of open spaces in the urban areas of Hong Kong, in addition to other similar urban environment.

scholarly journals ATTITUDE AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE PROVISION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPEN SPACES OF THE YARD IN PALEMBANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu Rahmandra Putra ◽  
Hilda Zulkifli ◽  
Alfitri Alfitri
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
City Government ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The existence of private green open spacesofthe yard whichinvolves community participation in the provision and utilization of green open space has not been synergized with the city government program for the achievement of green open spaces mandated by the statutory regulations.With the statutory regulationson community involvement, this researchaimstoexamine the community attitudes andparticipation in the provision and utilization of green open space of the yard in Palembangby region with certain density.Dataanalysisused in thisresearch is a quantitative analysis based on questionnaires which collected from respondents whom have privatehome yard. Non-parametricstatisticaltests using the Mann-Whitney test to analyze the differences between the regions. Statistical tests of correlation Spearman rank and Somers'dusedto analyze the relationship between variables.The results showed the highscore of community attitude, while the participation of the community belong in the low score. Thereis a significant difference between community in low density regions with community in high density regions as shown in the correlation between the level of community attitudes toward community participation in the provision and utilization of green open space.

scholarly journals Kamusal Açık Mekânların Kalitesi ve Sosyal Etkileşim Üzerindeki Etkileri / Quality of Public Open Space and Effects on Social Interaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Merve Alpak ◽  
Tugba Düzenli ◽  
Serap Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Public Open Spaces

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p>The quality of public outdoor space has recently become an important issue and has been revealed by many studies. However, there are few studies that show the relationship between the quality of space and the social interaction that occurs between people. The most important goal of urban designers should be to create public open spaces that can meet the various needs of people. Using longer and more frequently, public open spaces allow the fulfilment of needs and also support social interaction.  In this context, the concept of 'quality' of public open spaces is gaining importance. The quality of open spaces revealed by different characteristics of the environment has been determined by evaluating of the open spaces by their inclusiveness, meaningful activities, comfort, security and pleasurability and revealed the relationship between social interaction (passive-fleeting-enduring relationship). In order to determine this relationship, a questionnaire was conducted with 140 people (70 people in each park) in Atatürk Square Park and Fatih Park in Trabzon. As a result, a high level of relationship was found between the factors of inclusiveness, comfort and meaningful activities that determine the quality of space and social interaction.</p><p><strong>Öz </strong></p><p>Kamusal açık mekânın kalitesi son zamanlarda üzerinde önemle durulan bir konu haline gelmiş ve birçok çalışma tarafından ortaya konmuştur. Ancak mekânın kalitesi ile insanların arasında oluşan sosyal etkileşim arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koyan az sayıda çalışma vardır. Oysaki kentsel tasarımcıların en önemli hedefi insanların çeşitli ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilen kamusal açık mekânlar yaratmak olmalıdır. İhtiyaçların karşılanmasına olanak sağlayan kamusal açık mekânlar, insanlar tarafından daha uzun süreli ve sık kullanılarak oraların canlı, sosyal etkileşimi destekleyen yerler olmasını sağlar. Bu kapsamda, kamusal açık mekânların ‘kalitesi’ kavramı önem kazanmaktadır. Çevrenin farklı özellikleri ile ortaya konulan açık mekânların kalitesi, bu çalışma kapsamında açık mekânların kapsayıcılık, anlamlı etkinlikler, konfor, güvenlik ve memnun ediciliğini değerlendirerek tespit edilmiş ve sosyal etkileşimle (pasif-geçici-sürekli ilişki) arasındaki ilişki ortaya konmuştur. Bu ilişkinin belirlenmesi için Trabzon kentinde bulunan, Atatürk Meyden Parkı ve Fatih Parkında 140 kişi (her parkta 70’şer kişi) ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Sonuçta, mekânın kalitesinin belirlendiği kapsayıcılık, konfor ve anlamlı etkinlikler faktörleri ile sosyal etkileşim arasında yüksek düzeyde ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir.</p>

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Rumah Susun Studi Kasus : Rumah Susun Kebon Kacang dan Bendungan Hilir I

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 851
Author(s):  
Yosica Mariana
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Open Space ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Residential Demand ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

One solution for meeting the needs of habitable housing for people, especially the middle to bottom is vertical housing or flats, this makes the availability of residential demand is increasing. In the process of vertical residential development should not only be limited to the provision of the physical aspects of the building, but also must consider the availability of green open space, which is based on the Law of Indonesia no. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning. Provision of green open space in the flats environment are very essential since beside becoming a place for socializing, open spaces are also has ecological function as a water catchment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the user and the activities undertaken in theuse of green open space in the flat. The methods of research used is descriptive method to provide an overview of the user involvement and activities undertaken in the use of green open space. The results showed that the use ofgreen open spaces tend to be widely used by housewives and children paticularly in the morning and in the afternoon. The actvities include social interaction, play, sit and exercise.

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