scholarly journals Rheological Properties of the Jojoba Biofuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6047
Author(s):  
Mamdouh T. Ghannam ◽  
Mohamed Y. E. Selim
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Coaxial Cylinder ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Jojoba Oil

Jojoba oil biofuel is a potential alternative to diesel fuel with attractive properties, but its flow behavior under the operating conditions of a diesel engine still needs to be clarified. In this study, the rheological properties of the jojoba biofuel are presented in assessment with diesel fuel to experimentally evaluate both their flow behaviors at different operating temperatures. A Fann-type coaxial cylinder viscometer was employed. The shear stress of the tested biofuel rises considerably with the shear rate in a marginally nonlinear manner on a logarithmic scale. Rheograms indicate that the flow behavior decreases gradually and considerably in the temperature range of 30–90 °C. The viscosity of the jojoba oil biofuel declines considerably with the decreasing applied shear rate and temperature. Based on the experimental results, a suitable model is developed for predicting the viscosity characteristics of the tested biofuel during the heating and cooling cycles of a diesel engine.

Bio Diesel Oil of Mustard

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Liu Hongcong
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Complex Deformation

This paper represents the mustard oil is a kind of renewable energy and alternative fuel of the future. In order to cope with the current situation of load shedding, and reduce dependence on imported fuels, the Bangladesh government to encourage the use of renewable energy. Because the diesel engine with multiple functions, including small pumping irrigation system and backup generators, diesel fuel is much higher than that of any other gasoline fuel. In Bangladesh, mustard oil used as edible oil has been all over the country. Mustard is a widely grown plants, more than demand in Bangladesh and the mustard seed is produced annually. Therefore, to use the remaining mustard oil diesel fuel as a substitute. Fuel properties determine the standard procedure in fuel testing laboratory. An experimental device, and then a small diesel engine made in a laboratory using different conversion from the properties of biodiesel blend of mustard oil. The study found, biodiesel diesel fuel has a slightly different than the property. Also observed, and bio diesel, engine is able to without difficulty, but deviates from its optimal performance. Biodiesel was different (B20, B30, B50) of the blends have been used in engine or a fuel supply system, in order to avoid the complex deformation. Finally, it has been carried out to compare the performance of different operating conditions with different blends of Biodiesel Engine, in order to determine the optimal blends.

Rheological properties of cholesteric liquid crystals as lubricant additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bindu Madhavi ◽  
S. Sreehari Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Phase Transition Temperatures ◽  
Frequency Independent ◽  
Temperature Shear

Rheological properties of Cholesteryl n-valerate, Cholesteryl decanoate and Cholesteryl myristate which are esters of cholesterol have been studied. Phase transition temperatures and rheological parameters such as viscosity, elastic modulus G[Formula: see text], loss modulus G[Formula: see text] as functions of temperature, shear rate and time are investigated. In frequency sweep test, a higher transition crossover region has occurred for Cholesteryl myristate, whereas for Cholesteryl n-valerate a frequency-independent plateau prevailed for both the moduli. The occurrence of blue phase in Cholesteryl decanoate during temperature sweep measurements is an indication for the rheological support. The results for steady state have informed that cholesteric esters are having non-Newtonian flow behavior in their respective cholesteric phases. The power-law model has explained well the shear rate dependence of shear stress. A few practical applications of these esters as lubricant additives are discussed, too.

scholarly journals Eucalyptus Biodiesel as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel: Preparation and Tests on DI Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyes Tarabet ◽  
Khaled Loubar ◽  
Mohand Said Lounici ◽  
Samir Hanchi ◽  
Mohand Tazerout
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Di Diesel Engine

Nowadays, the increasing oil consumption throughout the world induces crucial economical, security, and environmental problems. As a result, intensive researches are undertaken to find appropriate substitution to fossil fuels. In view of the large amount of eucalyptus trees present in arid areas, we focus in this study on the investigation of using eucalyptus biodiesel as fuel in diesel engine. Eucalyptus oil is converted by transesterification into biodiesel. Eucalyptus biodiesel characterization shows that the physicochemical properties are comparable to those of diesel fuel. In the second phase, a single cylinder air-cooled, DI diesel engine was used to test neat eucalyptus biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel in various ratios (75, 50, and 25 by v%) at several engine loads. The engine combustion parameters such as peak pressure, rate of pressure rise, and heat release rate are determined. Performances and exhaust emissions are also evaluated at all operating conditions. Results show that neat eucalyptus biodiesel and its blends present significant improvements of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, and particulates emissions especially at high loads with equivalent performances to those of diesel fuel. However, the NOx emissions are slightly increased when the biodiesel content is increased in the blend.

Comparison of Performance and Emission Characteristic of Tamanu, Mahua and Pongamia Biodiesel in a Di Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Parthasarathy ◽  
J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani ◽  
B. Parthiban ◽  
K. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Emission Characteristic ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Petroleum Reserves

Random extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have leads to a reduction in petroleum reserves. As for as developing countries like India is connected the need to search for alternative fuels is most urgent as India is heavily dependent upon the import of petroleum to meet its demands for automotive and power sectors. This has inspired curiously in alternative sources for petroleum based fuels. An alternative fuel must be economically competitive and environmentally acceptable. India has great potential for production of biofuels like Biodiesel from vegetable seeds. In the quest to find an alternative to the existing diesel and petrol fuels various Biodiesel and alcohol has been tried and tested in the Internal Compression engine. In this direction, an attempt has been made to investigate the performance and emission characteristic of Biodiesels and compare it with diesel. The Biodiesels considered are Tamanu, Mahua and Pongamia were tested with four stroke diesel engine. A drastic improvement in reduction of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were found for Biodiesels at high engine loads. Smoke and Nitrogen oxides (NOx) were slightly higher for Biodiesels. Biodiesels exposed similar combustion stages to diesel fuel. Therefore use of transesterified vegetable oils can be partially substituted for the diesel fuel at most operating conditions in term of the performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification.

Effects of Alumina Nanoparticles Additives Into Jojoba Methyl Ester-Diesel Mixture on Diesel Engine Performance

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M. A. Attia ◽  
Ahmed I. El-Seesy ◽  
Hesham M. El-Batsh ◽  
Mohamed S. Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

Currently, using biofuels to operate diesel engines gets a great attention to the extent that it could replace the limited conventional fossil fuels. These fuels have a closed life cycle (renewable) and they have a remarkable effect on the global greenhouse phenomena. Moreover, the use of non-edible vegetable oils is considered a good choice after a suitable chemical and/or thermal treatment to convert them into esters. The use of jojoba oil shows a promising alternative fuel for conventional diesel fuel even there were unfavorable effects including power reduction. The wide spread usage of nano additives to improve the combustion quality may be a good solution for these problems. This study represents an experimental investigation to examine the effect of nano additives on diesel engine performance at variable operating conditions of load and speed. In this work, alumina nano-particles are added to a mixture of jojoba methyl ester (biodiesel) and conventional diesel fuel at the most recommended value (20% biodiesel and 80% diesel fuel) with different doses from 10 up to 50 mg/l. The received mixture is homogenized with an ultrasonicator mixer. It is found that, the appropriate nano-additives dose corresponding to optimal engine performance is about 30 mg/l. At this dose, the overall BSFC is reduced by about 6%, engine thermal efficiency is increased up to 7%, and all engine emissions have been reduced (NOx about 70%, CO about 75 %, smoke opacity about 5%, and UHC about 55 %) compared with the corresponding values obtained when only a blended fuel of 20% biodiesel is used.

scholarly journals A Study on Water-Induced Damage Severity on Diesel Engine Injection System Using Emulsified Diesel Fuels

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Min-Seop Kim ◽  
Ugochukwu Ejike Akpudo ◽  
Jang-Wook Hur
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Diesel Fuel Injection

Diesel engine emissions contribute nearly 30% of greenhouse effects and diverse health and environmental problems. Amidst these problems, it is estimated that there will be a 75% increase in energy demand for transportation by 2040, of which diesel fuel constitutes a major source of energy for transportation. Being a major source of air pollution, efforts are currently being made to curb the pollution spread. The use of water-in-diesel (W/D)-emulsified fuels comes as a readily available (and cost-effective) option with other benefits including engine thermal efficiency, reduced costs, and NOx reduction; nonetheless, the inherent effects—power loss, component wear, corrosion, etc. still pose strong concerns. This study investigates the behavior and damage severity of a common rail (CR) diesel fuel injection system using exploratory and statistical methods under different W/D emulsion conditions and engine speeds. Results reveal that the effect of W/D emulsion fuels on engine operating conditions are reflected in the CR, which provides a reliable avenue for condition monitoring. Also, the effect of W/D emulsion on injection system components-piston, nozzle needle, and ball seat–are presented alongside related discussions.

Coal–Water Slurry Operation in an EMD Diesel Engine

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Urban ◽  
H. E. Mecredy ◽  
T. W. Ryan ◽  
M. N. Ingalls ◽  
B. T. Jett
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Coal Slurry ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Coal Burning

The U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center has assumed a leadership role in the development of coal-burning diesel engines. The motivation for this work is obvious when one considers the magnitude of the domestic reserves of coal and the widespread use of diesel engines. The work reported in this paper represents the preliminary engine experiments leading to the development of a coal-burning, medium-speed diesel engine. The basis of this development effort is a two-stroke, 900 rpm, 216-mm (8.5-in.) bore engine manufactured by Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation. The engine, in a minimally modified form, has been operated for several hours on a slurry of 50 percent (by mass) coal in water. Engine operation was achieved in this configuration using a pilot injection of diesel fuel to ignite the main charge of slurry. A standard unit injector, slightly modified by increasing diametric clearances in the injector pump and nozzle tip, was used to inject the slurry. Under the engine operating conditions evaluated, the combustion efficiency of the coal and the NOx emissions were lower than, and the particulate emissions were higher than, corresponding diesel fuel results. These initial results, achieved without optimizing the system on the coal slurry, demonstrate the potential for utilizing coal slurry fuels.

The Rheological Properties of Turkish Delight

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zurriye Yilmaz ◽  
Mehmet Dogan ◽  
Mahir Alkan ◽  
Serap Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dependent Flow

In the food industry, rheological properties, such as viscosity, shear rate, and shear stress, are the most important parameters required in the design of a technological process. Therefore, in this study, we determined the flow behavior and the time-dependent flow properties of Turkish Delight (TD) in the temperature range of 25-75°C using a capillar rheometer. The structure and thermal properties of TD were investigated by XRD and a simultaneous DTA/TG analysis. The shear rate values ranged from 5 to 300s-1. We found that: (i) TD behaved as non- Newtonian pseudoplastic foodstuff; (ii) while the measurement temperature increased, viscosity decreased; and (iii) TD was a rheopectic material. The effect of temperature on viscosity was described by means of the Arrhenius equation. The activation energies for the flow of pseudoplastic TD varied from 50.1-74.2 kJ/mol, depending on shear rate. Three models were used to predict the flow behavior of TD, namely, the Power law, Bingham and Casson models. The Power law model adequately described well the flow behavior of TD at different temperatures.

A review on empirical correlations estimating gas holdup for shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluids in bubble column systems with future perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Sujan ◽  
Raj K. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Gas Holdup ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bubble Columns ◽  
Empirical Correlations ◽  
Flow Behavior Index ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Gas holdup is one of the most important parameters for characterizing the hydrodynamics of bubble columns. Modeling and design of bubble columns require empirical correlations for precise estimation of gas holdup. Empirical correlations available for prediction of gas holdup (εG) in various non-Newtonian systems for both gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid bubble columns have been presented in this review. Critical analysis of correlations presented by different researchers has been made considering the findings and pitfalls. As the magnitude of gas holdup depends on many factors, such as physicochemical properties of gas and/or liquid, column geometry, type and design of gas distributors, operating conditions, phase properties, and rheological properties, etc., all of these have been discussed and examined. In order to emphasize the significance, relative importance of parameters such as flow behavior index, consistency index, column diameter, gas flow rate, and density of aqueous carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution on gas holdup has been quantified using artificial neural network and Garson’s algorithm for an experimental data set of air-CMC solution from the literature. Besides, potential areas for research encompassing operating conditions, column geometry, physical properties, modeling and simulation, rheological properties, flow regime, etc., have been underlined, and the need for developing newer correlations for gas holdup has been outlined. The review may be useful for the modeling and design of bubble columns.

Experimental Investigation of Electrostatic Dispersion and Combustion of Diesel Fuel Jets

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Bankston ◽  
L. H. Back ◽  
E. Y. Kwack ◽  
A. J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Charge Densities

An experimental study of electrostatically atomized and dispersed diesel fuel jets has been conducted. A new electrostatic injection technique has been utilized to generate continuous, stable fuel sprays at charge densities of 1.5–2.0 C/m3 of fluid. Model calculations show that such charge densities may enhance spray dispersion under diesel engine conditions. Fuel jets were injected into room temperature air at one atmosphere at flow rates of 0.25–1.0 cm3/s and delivery pressures of 100–400 kPa. Measured mean drop diameters were near 150 μm with 30 percent of the droplets being less than 100 μm in diameter at typical operating conditions. The electrical power required to generate these sprays was less than 10−6 times the chemical energy available from the fuel. The spray characteristics of an actual diesel engine injector were also studied. The results show considerable differences in spray characteristics between the diesel injector and electrostatic injection. Finally, ignition and stable combustion of electrostatically dispersed diesel fuel jets was achieved. The results show that electrostatic fuel injection can be achieved at practical flow rates, and that the characteristics of the jet breakup and dispersion have potential application to combustion systems.

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