scholarly journals Bamboo as a Sustainable Building Material—Culm Characteristics and Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7376
Author(s):  
Kitti Chaowana ◽  
Supanit Wisadsatorn ◽  
Pannipa Chaowana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Bamboo Culm ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Culm Wall ◽  
Dendrocalamus Membranaceus

Bamboo culm is a renewable and lightweight material with high strength, particularly tensile strength. It is well accepted that bamboo culms have played a significant role in architecture because of their sustainable contribution. The culm characteristics and properties of three-year-old bamboo from five species (Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus sericeus, Dendrocalamus membranaceus, Thyrsostachys oliveri, and Phyllostachys makinoi) were investigated. The results show that each bamboo species has different culm characteristics along with culm length. Culm size, particularly the outer culm diameter and culm wall thickness, affects the ultimate load. These results confirm that a bigger culm with a thicker wall could receive more load. D. asper received the highest ultimate load, while T. oliveri received the lowest ultimate load. However, when calculating the test results for stress (load per cross-section area), P. Makinoi showed excellent mechanical properties, while D. asper showed the worst mechanical properties. This research promotes bamboo’s appropriate use for building applications and as a more sustainable material for architecture.

scholarly journals Properties of High-Strength Flowable Mortar Reinforced with Palm Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eethar Thanon Dawood ◽  
Mahyuddin Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Toughness Index ◽  
Strength And Toughness

This study was conducted to determine some physical and mechanical properties of high-strength flowable mortar reinforced with different percentages of palm fiber (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6% as volumetric fractions). The density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and toughness index were tested to determine the mechanical properties of this mortar. Test results illustrate that the inclusion of this fiber reduces the density of mortar. The use of 0.6% of palm fiber increases the compressive strength and flexural strength by about 15.1%, and 16%, respectively; besides, the toughness index (I5) of the high-strength flowable mortar has been significantly enhanced by the use of 1% and more of palm fiber.

Deterioration of Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Pumpcrete after Exposure to High Temperatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Guang Lin Yuan ◽  
Jing Wei Zhang ◽  
Jian Wen Chen ◽  
Dan Yu Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Strength Deterioration ◽  
Residual Compressive Strength

This paper makes an experimental study of mechanical properties of high-strength pumpcrete under fire, and the effects of heating rate, heating temperature and cooling mode on the residual compressive strength(RCS) of high-strength pumpcrete are investigated. The results show that under air cooling, the strength deterioration speed of high-strength concrete after high temperature increases with the increase of concrete strength grade. Also, the higher heating temperature is, the lower residual compressive strength value is. At the same heating rate (10°C/min), the residual compressive strength of C45 concrete after water cooling is a little higher than that after air cooling; but the test results are just the opposite for C55 and C65 concrete. The strength deterioration speed of high-strength concrete after high temperature increases with the increase of heating rate, but not in proportion. And when the heating temperature rises up between 200°C and 500°C, heating rate has the most remarkable effect on the residual compressive strength of concrete. These test results provide scientific proofs for further evaluation and analysis of mechanical properties of reinforced-concrete after exposure to high temperatures.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation into Corrosion Effect on Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steel Bars under Dynamic Loadings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Chen ◽  
Jinjin Zhang ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Feilong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Reinforcing Steel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Steel Bars

The tensile behaviors of corroded steel bars are important in the capacity evaluation of corroded reinforced concrete structures. The present paper studies the mechanical behavior of the corroded high strength reinforcing steel bars under static and dynamic loading. High strength reinforcing steel bars were corroded by using accelerated corrosion methods and the tensile tests were carried out under different strain rates. The results showed that the mechanical properties of corroded high strength steel bars were strain rate dependent, and the strain rate effect decreased with the increase of corrosion degree. The decreased nominal yield and ultimate strengths were mainly caused by the reduction of cross-sectional areas, and the decreased ultimate deformation and the shortened yield plateau resulted from the intensified stress concentration at the nonuniform reduction. Based on the test results, reduction factors were proposed to relate the tensile behaviors with the corrosion degree and strain rate for corroded bars. A modified Johnson-Cook strength model of corroded high strength steel bars under dynamic loading was proposed by taking into account the influence of corrosion degree. Comparison between the model and test results showed that proposed model properly describes the dynamic response of the corroded high strength rebars.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF USING STONE POWDER AND MINERAL ADMIXTURES IN HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Afzal Basha Syed ◽  
Jayarami Reddy B ◽  
Sashidhar C
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Mineral Admixtures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Split Tensile Strength ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Strength Concrete

In present era, high-strength concrete is progressively utilized in modern concrete technology and particularly in the construction of elevated structures. This examination has been directed to explore the properties of high-strength concrete that was delivered by using stone powder (SP) as an option of extent on sand after being processed. The aim of the research is to study the effect of replacement of sand with stone powder and substitution of cement with mineral admixtures (GGBS & Zeolite) on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete. The test results showed clear improvement in compression and split tensile nature of concrete by using stone powder and mineral admixtures together in concrete. The increment in the magnitude of compressive strength and split tensile strength are comparable with conventional concrete.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Novel FRP Bars with Hoop Winding Layer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Hong-Tao Zhang ◽  
Hong-Hao Zhao ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Ming-Yang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
High Strength ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Gfrp Bars ◽  
Gfrp Bar ◽  
Frp Bar ◽  
Frp Bars

Due to the fact that steel reinforcement is vulnerable to corrosion, FRP bars with light weight, high strength, and excellent durability have become a good substitute for ordinary steel bars. FRP bars have high tensile strength, but their compressive strength is relatively low and often neglected, so the application of FRP bars in compression members has been restricted. This paper proposes a new pultrusion-winding-pultrusion method to improve the compressive ability of FRP bars. A hoop FRP layer is winded on the outer surface of the pultruded FRP core, and a longitudinal pultruded layer and ribs are also added on the outermost surface. In this paper, mechanical properties of this novel FRP bar with hoop winding layer are investigated. First, monotonic tensile and compressive tests on traditional and novel GFRP bars were conducted. Then, cyclic tension-compression loading tests were also carried out on the two types of GFRP bars. Test results showed that the compressive ultimate bearing capacities of GFRP bars with winding layers were 10∼20 kN greater than those of the traditional GFRP bars, and the compressive ductility of the novel GFRP bars was also improved. Furthermore, the tensile stress-strain behaviors of both GFRP bars were linear-elastic and the added winding layer did not greatly influence the tensile properties of the GFRP bars. Moreover, for the cyclic loading test, the compressive ultimate load of GFRP bars was 80%∼90% of that under monotonic compressive test, and the tensile ultimate load was 45%∼65% of that under monotonic tensile test. Compared with the GFRP bar without winding layer, the overall stiffness of the novel GFRP bar was greater than that of the traditional one and the ultimate load of the novel GFRP bar was also greater. In addition, seeing that the residual displacement of the novel GFRP bar was greater than that of the traditional GFRP bar, winding hoop fibers on the outer surface of the core is a useful way to improve the energy dissipation capacity of the GFRP bar.

scholarly journals The Mechanical Properties of Centrifuged Concrete in Reinforced Concrete Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3570
Author(s):  
Romualdas Kliukas ◽  
Ona Lukoševičienė ◽  
Arūnas Jaras ◽  
Bronius Jonaitis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moduli Of Elasticity

This article explores the influence of transverse reinforcement (spiral) and high-strength longitudinal reinforcements on the physical-mechanical properties of centrifuged annular cross-section elements of concrete. The test results of almost 200 reinforced, and over 100 control elements are summarizing in this article. The longitudinal reinforcement ratio of samples produced in the laboratory and factory varied from 1.0% to 6.0%; the transverse reinforcement ratio varied from 0.25% to 1.25%; the pitch of spirals varied from 100 mm to 40 mm and the concrete strength varied from 25 MPa to 60 MPa. Experimental relationships of coefficients for concrete strength, moduli of elasticity and limits of the longitudinal strain of centrifuged concrete in reinforced concrete structures in short-term concentrically compression were proposed.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast and Extruded Mg-2wt.%Zn Alloy Containing Dilute Content of Misch Metal

2011 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Qi Chi Le ◽  
Zhi Qiang Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhong Cui ◽  
Zheng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Misch Metal ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Microstructures And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zn Alloy ◽  
Zn Alloys

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of as-cast and extruded Mg–2wt.%Zn alloys containing dilute misch metal were investigated. RE additions were added in the form of relatively inexpensive cerium-rich misch metal (MM). The results indicate that the dilute MM addition has evidently effect the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2wt.% Zn alloy. The grain refinement was improved and the amount of second phase precipitation was increased as increasing MM content in Mg-2wt.%Zn alloy from 0.2% to 1.5%, and the hardness determination and tensile test results show that the hardness of its ingot and the tensile strength of its extrusion rod were also enhanced, however, excessive MM addition would promote second phases forming network precipitating in grain boundary, which would result in the marked reduction of the plasticity of the alloy. Therefore, it is recommended that the MM content not exceed 0.6% in order to obtain high strength companying with relative higher elongation. The tensile properties of as-extruded Mg-2Zn-0.6wt.%MM alloy rod were UTS=266.7MPa, YS=213MPa, EL=14.5% which is similar to the corresponding properties of AZ31.

Influence of Metakaolin on Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1904-1909
Author(s):  
Bao Min Wang ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
And Performance

Kaolin is a material with broad sources and a low price. Metakaolin is made from kaolin which is calcined, finely ground at an optimum temperature of 750 being kept constant for 4 hours. High strength and performance concrete can be mixed from metakaolin as a substitute for equal mass cement. The influences of 5%, 10% and 15% metakaolin in substitution of equal cement masses were studied on the mechanical properties of high-performance concrete. The test results showed that the addition of metakaolin improved the cubic compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of HPC, among which the improvement in compressive strength was the most siginificant, and simultaneously, there was also an improvement in concrete toughness in a certain degree. The optimum content of metakaolin is 10% resulting in an increase of the cubic compressive strength of concrete by 8.3% correspondingly.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of the Fiber Cement Mortar Containing Polyurethane

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xijun Zhang ◽  
Hongyuan Fang ◽  
Mingrui Du ◽  
Mingsheng Shi ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Pva Fiber

Polymer is a kind of high molecular elastic material. The polymer cement mortar composite material formed by mixing it with cement mortar has the advantages of light weight, high strength, and good durability compared with traditional mortar materials. The effect of polyurethane polymer content on mechanical properties and microstructure of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber cement mortar was studied by compressive test, flexural test, and SEM analysis. The test results show that as the content of polyurethane increases, the compressive strength gradually decreases, and the flexural strength gradually increases. The addition of polyurethane helps to optimize the microstructure of PVA mortar, improve the compactness of the material, and enhance the bending resistance of the mortar. The mechanical properties of materials obtained from the experiment can provide references for engineering applications.

Effect of Carbon Content and Post-Sintering Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Fe-Ni-Cu-Mo-C High Density Sintered Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ivănuş ◽  
Liviu Brânduşan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sintered Steel ◽  
Application Requirements

Powders-based on the Fe-Cu-Ni-Mo system are well known in the P/M industry for combining good compressibility and dimensional stability with a potential for high strength. The typical heterogeneous microstructure of these materials has proven to provide favourable mechanical properties. However, in applications where strength and hardness become critical variables, faster cooling rates after sintering are required to meet application requirements. Test specimens containing various graphite contents to achieve 0.20, 0.35 and 0.55% combined carbon were pressed to 7.0 and 7.2 g/cm3, sintered in a furnace at 1150°C and cooled directly from sintering temperature with either normal or rapid cooling. Test results are discussed in terms of tensile properties, apparent hardness and microstructure. The formation of bainite and martensite by raising carbon content and cooling rate increased tensile strength and apparent hardness, while a higher green density maintained satisfactory ductility. It was possible to achieve ultimate tensile and yield strengths as 920 and 660 MPa respectively with apparent hardness 30 HRC.

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