scholarly journals Monitoring Study on Dust Dispersion Properties during Earthwork Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8451
Author(s):  
Qiming Luo ◽  
Lepeng Huang ◽  
Yuhong Liu ◽  
Xuanyi Xue ◽  
Fengbin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Parameter ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Excavation Site ◽  
Earthwork Construction

Dust generated in earthwork construction activities can seriously affect the air quality at a construction site and have adverse effects on the health of construction workers. To accurately and quantitively analyze the distribution characteristics of construction dust and the effect of dust prevention measures during earthwork construction under normal construction and construction with dust control measures, multiple collection points and one meteorological parameter collection point were placed at the construction site. From half an hour before the construction to half an hour after the construction, the particle concentration was recorded once every minute. The monitoring results indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between dust concentration during earthwork construction and the number of soil shipments. The dust concentration was highest at the earth excavation site, followed by the area of the waste truck’s transportation path. Earth excavation primarily resulted in the generation of many coarse particles, the concentration of which was the highest near the excavation site. The average concentration increments of and TSP (total suspended particulate) caused by earthwork construction were 55.06 and 375.17 at the construction site, respectively. The concentration increment of and TSP decreased by 72.01% and 40.16%, respectively, when a spray system and artificial sprinkling were adopted. Through the methodology and results of this study, construction companies can systemically plan their construction work by considering the key equipment to be used and can effectively manage the pollutants found within construction sites.

scholarly journals SYSTEM OF ASSESSMENT AND FORECAST OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR QUALITY AS A GOAL OF ECOLOGIZATION THE CONSTRUCTION SITE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Manzhilevskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Model System ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Air Quality Assessment ◽  
Consistent Assessment

The article analyzes the system for assessing and forecasting air quality at a construction site. Models of the air quality assessment system are considered. Dust control measures are proposed with respect to improving the health of construction site workers and a method for calculating and controlling the emissions of pollutants at a construction site. To implement the assessment of atmospheric air quality at the construction site, the model "system for assessing and forecasting the quality of atmospheric air", which allows a consistent assessment and forecast of atmospheric air quality, is presented.

Tunnel Construction Dust Monitoring and Dust Control Technology of High Altitude and High and Cold Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 703-708
Author(s):  
Yu Xu ◽  
Dong Hui Yang ◽  
Yu Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Cold Area ◽  
Environment Study ◽  
Filter Dust

In order to improve the high altitude harsh construction environment, study tunnel construction dust concentration and distribution law of different construction section, using the membrane filter dust method to achieve the dust concentration of different section, using the statistical to analysis the origin and distribution law, putting forward different dust control measures for different construction stages, to improve the high altitude tunnel construction environment. The results of dust prevention and control of high altitude region are of great significance.

scholarly journals Universal Masking to Control Healthcare-Associated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Eliza R. Thompson ◽  
Faith S. Williams ◽  
Pat A. Giacin ◽  
Shay Drummond ◽  
Eric Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Va Health Care System ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Objective: To assess extent of a healthcare-associated outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and evaluate effectiveness of infection control measures, including universal masking Design: Outbreak investigation including 4 large-scale point-prevalence surveys Setting: Integrated VA Health Care System with 2 facilities and 330 beds Participants: Index patient and 250 exposed patients and staff Methods: We identified exposed patients and staff and classified them as probable and confirmed cases based on symptoms and testing. We performed a field investigation and assessment of patient and staff interactions to develop probable transmission routes. Infection prevention interventions implemented included droplet and contact precautions, employee quarantine, and universal masking with medical and cloth facemasks. Four point-prevalence surveys of patient and staff subsets were conducted using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2. Results: Among 250 potentially exposed patients and staff, 14 confirmed cases of Covid-19 were identified. Patient roommates and staff with prolonged patient contact were most likely to be infected. The last potential date of transmission from staff to patient was day 22, the day universal masking was implemented. Subsequent point-prevalence surveys in 126 patients and 234 staff identified 0 patient cases and 5 staff cases of Covid-19, without evidence of healthcare-associated transmission. Conclusions: Universal masking with medical facemasks was effective in preventing further spread of SARS-CoV-2 in our facility in conjunction with other traditional infection prevention measures.

Investigation on dust dispersion during support movement in a fully mechanized mining face and the technology with support frame enclosure dust control

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110311
Author(s):  
Jinming Mo ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Sheji Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Dust Source ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Support Frame ◽  
Site Field ◽  
Mining Face

A fully mechanized mining face is characterized by serious dust pollution and dust is a major cause of pneumoconiosis that haunts numerous miners. For a fully mechanized face having large mining heights, the main dust source in the pavement area is produced by the moving support frame. To reduce the amount of dust during support's movement, the distribution and dissipation of dust in this process were studied by combining numerical simulations with underground measurements. The results showed that with an increase of the distance from the air inlet, the wind speed of the sidewalk in the fully mechanized face first increased, then decreased, and finally increased again. At the position of the coal cutter, the highest wind speed was 1.78 m/s and the average wind speed of the roadway was about 0.8 m/s. The dust concentration at the dust source was >1000 mg/m3. An area with a high dust concentration and having a length of 15 m was formed on the rooftop, together with a 50 m long dust belt with a dust concentration of 300 to 450 mg/m3 in the pavement area of 10 m from the dust source. Beyond the 45 m radius from the dust source, the dust concentration was stable at about 250 mg/m3. Based on the dust production characteristics of the support frame, an enclosed dust-guiding device was designed and structure-optimized. Based on the on-site field application test results, it was found that the device has a satisfactory dust-guiding effect during support movement and the dust suppression rate near the dust source reached 94.8%.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Pedestrian Flow Patterns in Urban POIs—An Example from Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Yihang Li ◽  
Liyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major challenge for society as a whole, and analyzing the impact of the spread of the epidemic and government control measures on the travel patterns of urban residents can provide powerful help for city managers to designate top-level epidemic prevention policies and specific epidemic prevention measures. This study investigates whether it is more appropriate to use groups of POIs with similar pedestrian flow patterns as the unit of study rather than functional categories of POIs. In this study, we analyzed the hour-by-hour pedestrian flow data of key locations in Beijing before, during, and after the strict epidemic prevention and control period, and we found that the pedestrian flow patterns differed greatly in different periods by using a composite clustering index; we interpreted the clustering results from two perspectives: groups of pedestrian flow patterns and functional categories. The results show that depending on the specific stage of epidemic prevention and control, the number of unique pedestrian flow patterns decreased from four before the epidemic to two during the strict control stage and then increased to six during the initial resumption of work. The restrictions on movement are correlated with most of the visitations, and the release of restrictions led to an increase in the variety of unique pedestrian flow patterns compared to that in the pre-restriction period, even though the overall number of visitations decreased, indicating that social restrictions led to differences in the flow patterns of POIs and increased social distance.

Hospital-acquired infection awareness and control practices among healthcare staff: an evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 296-302
Author(s):  
Pallavi Saraswat ◽  
Rajnarayan R Tiwari ◽  
Muralidhar Varma ◽  
Sameer Phadnis ◽  
Monica Sindhu
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background/Aims Hospital-acquired infections pose a risk to the wellbeing of both patients and staff. They are largely preventable, particularly if hospital staff have adequate knowledge of and adherence to infection control policies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of hospital-acquired infection control measures among hospital staff. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 71 staff members in a tertiary healthcare facility in Karnataka, India. The researchers distributed a questionnaire containing 33 questions regarding knowledge of hospital-acquired infections, awareness of infection control policies and adherence to control practices. The results were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.0 and a Kruskal–Wallis test. Results Respondents' mean percentage score on the knowledge of hospital-acquired infections section was 72%. Their mean percentage scores on the awareness and practice of infection prevention measures sections were 82% and 77% respectively. Doctors and those with more years of experience typically scored higher. Conclusion The respondents had an acceptable level of knowledge, awareness and adherence to infection control practices. However, continued training is essential in the prevention of hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the respondents stated that they were willing to undertake training in this area, and this opportunity should be provided in order to improve infection control quality.

Impact of dust on health of on-site construction workers – a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauri Mohan ◽  
Annie Sonia Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Construction Equipment ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
Building Site ◽  
Many Sources

The rate of air pollution is becoming a cause for worldwide concern because of its substantial increase. Different sources like combustion of fuels, release of smoke from industries etc are responsible for the pollution of air. The construction industry is a major contributor to air pollution in the form of dust. Most of the activities involved in the completion of a construction project contribute to the generation of dust in one way or another. There are many sources of dust in a construction site like the use of construction equipment, transportation activities etc. the dust thus generated can ill effects as well. But, the problem of dust pollution is not addressed properly mainly because of the lack of awareness in this area. Proper identification of sources of dust in sites, its health impacts etc can help generate awareness and also help in implementing control measures. This can help reduce dust pollution on site. Here, a residential building site is taken for the case study. A questionnaire survey is conducted for the workers to identify the negative impacts construction dust has and also to determine the most common dust control measures employed in site. Keywords—air pollution, construction activities, construction equipment, questionnaire survey, dust control

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of road construction dust on glacier environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02048
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Shegang Shao ◽  
Dong Ni ◽  
Xiaodong Shang ◽  
Xiaofeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Albedo ◽  
Highway Construction ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Highway Design ◽  
Extension Direction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

Construction dust falls to the snow cover and the surface of the glacier to form a fouling layer to absorb more solar radiation and reduce the intensity of surface albedo, thereby accelerating the melting of the glacier, which is the main factor affecting the glacial environment in the Highway construction. This article adopts the combination method of wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation was used to calculate the impact range of construction dust. The results show that with increasing of particle size, the diffusion range of dust decreased while the settlement speed increased. High dust concentration area (> 4mg / m3) is generally distributed within 1000m around the construction site. The specific extension direction is directly related to the local terrain and wind direction, and the height direction is generally not more than 300m. According to the above simulation results, for preventing and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment, the requirements of route selection and construction dust control measures was put forward, which played an important role and significance in guiding the highway design and construction and reducing the impact of highway construction on the glacial environment.

scholarly journals Hydrologic Modelling of Construction Site Sediment Control Pond Using SWMM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Hydrologic Modelling ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Receiving Waters

Construction activities have been identified as one of the major sources of pollution to receiving waters. Although Erosion and Sediment Control (ESC) measures reduce the amount of sediment exported from construction sites, there are still significant concerns regarding the sufficiency of current control measures to protect receiving waters. This study documents the work completed to monitor and model the performance of a typical stormwater management facility used for erosion and sediment control in suburban construction site. The main objective of this study is to provide background information regarding the performance of stormwater management facilities for treating urban construction runoff prior to discharging to receiving water bodies. The RUNOFF and STORAGE TREATMENT blocks of EPA's stormwater management model (PCSWMM4.4) were used to simulate the quantity and quality of stormwater run-off from the area under construction and assess the performance of stormwater treatment facility (Ballymore Pond) located in Richmond Hill, Ontario. The performance of the construction site sediment control pond was found to be unsatisfactory due to the high outflow concentration of suspended solids. Some specific recommendations to improve its effectiveness have been made.

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