scholarly journals Performance Dissimilarities in European Union Manufacturing: The Effect of Ownership and Technological Intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10407
Author(s):  
Lucian Belascu ◽  
Alexandra Horobet ◽  
Georgiana Vrinceanu ◽  
Consuela Popescu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Personnel Costs ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Technological Intensity

Our paper addresses the relevance of a set of continuous and categorical variables that describe industry characteristics to differences in performance between foreign versus locally owned companies in industries with dissimilar levels of technological intensity. Including data on manufacturing sector performance from 20 European Union member countries and covering the 2009–2016 period, we used the random forests methodology to identify the best predictors of EU manufacturing industries’ a priori classification based on two main attributes: ownership (foreign versus local) and technological intensity. We found that EU foreign-owned businesses dominate locally owned ones in terms of size, which gives them an edge in obtaining higher profits, cash flow and investments and coping with higher personnel costs. Furthermore, ownership is a more important differentiator of performance at the industry level than the industry’s technological level. The performance of foreign-owned high-tech manufacturing industry units across the EU is the most heterogeneous compared to the other four categories, indicating particularities linked to technological level, ownership, and even location. Our findings suggest that multinational enterprises in high-tech industries transfer to eastern EU countries’ activities and processes with lower technological intensity and higher labour intensity, but also that locally owned businesses, even within high-tech industries, have lower technological levels.

scholarly journals Technological intensity of Serbian manufacturing industry in Pre-Covid-19 period

Industrija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Ivan Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Technological Complexity ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Technological Intensity

This paper analyses technological intensity of Serbian manufacturing sector. The key purpose is to identify development of technological advancement groups (high, medium-high, medium-low and low) during the period of 2010-2019. The analysis shows that in 2019 the share of high-tech production areas in the total MVA increased to 5%, which is the best result since 2015. Changes in production correspond to the movement in foreign trade. The coverage of imports by exports of the manufacturing industry, relatively observed in the medium term, is increasing the fastest in the segment of tangible production, which is included in the category of medium-technological complexity. Serbia is not exclusively competitive in the labour intensive stages of production. It is also competitive in a good part of medium-technological complexity production. Finaly, vast FDI inflows and the activities of foreign investors, in good part, drive successful technological restructuring in recent years.

Radical innovation, incremental innovation, and competitive advantage, the moderating role of technological intensity: evidence from the manufacturing sector in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Wael Al-Khatib ◽  
Eyad Mustafa Al-ghanem
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Intensity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of radical innovation and incremental innovation on the competitive advantage of Jordanian industrial companies and identify the moderating role of technological intensity. Design/methodology/approach For this study’s purposes, 303 questionnaires from employees of 30 manufacturing firms were analysed. Convergent validity and discriminant validity tests were performed through structural equation modelling in the Smart-PLS programme. Data reliability was confirmed. A bootstrapping technique was used to analyse the data. Multi-group analysis was performed to investigate the moderating role of technological intensity. Findings Empirical results showed that both radical innovation and incremental innovation explain 60.2% of the variance in competitive advantage and that both constructs have a statistically significant effect on competitive advantage. The results also revealed that the relationship between radical innovation and competitive advantage is modified through the high-tech industries. Meanwhile, the relationship between incremental innovation and competitive advantage is modified through the low-tech industries. Research limitations/implications This cross-sectional study provides a snapshot at a given moment in time, a methodological limitation that affects the generalization of its results and the results are limited to one country, Jordan. Practical implications This study promotes the idea of focusing on radical and incremental innovation to enhance competitive advantage in the Jordanian manufacturing sector and knowing the effect of technological intensity in this relationship. Originality/value This study has important implications for leaders in the Jordanian manufacturing sector in general, as the study highlights the importance of radical innovation and incremental innovation to enhance the competitive advantage, especially in light of the technological intensity in this sector, and thus, increase the innovative capabilities of this firms, which leads to an increase in the level of competitive advantage.

scholarly journals Smart Specialization of Workforce Structure in the European Union Countries – Dynamic Analysis Applying Shift-Share Analysis Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
High Tech ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Smart Specialization

The objective of the hereby paper is to present dynamic analysis and assessment of workforce structure in the European Union countries based on structural and geographical shift-share analysis. Workforce structure in economic sectors, distinguished based on R&D work intensity in the European Union countries in the period of 2008-2010, was the subject of diversification and transformations assessment. Shift-share analysis enabled the decomposition of occurring changes into regional, structural and global effects as well as the identification of the, so called, allocation effect resulting in the classification of the studied countries with regard to combinations of local specialization and competitive advantages. The performed research also allowed for the identification different kinds of workforce structure characterized by smart specialization (significant share of workforce in high-tech manufacturing sector or high-tech services sector) and the assessment of generated structural and competitive effects.

Evolution and Sectoral Competitiveness of the Brazilian Manufacturing Industry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo César Morceiro
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Technological Intensity ◽  
Credit Boom

Production and employment in the Brazilian manufacturing industry grew significantly in the decade from 2004 to 2013, but the technological intensity of production activities declined. Growth was driven by domestic demand, which performed well due to the significant job creation, real minimum wage increases, and the credit boom. However, Brazilian manufacturing lost competitiveness, presented a negative labor productivity growth, and registered trade deficits in most sectors, including those traditionally associated with surpluses. The chapter also shows that the manufacturing sector is integrated into the global value chains by imports, but not by exports—which is a case of introverted fragmentation.

Technological Change in Turkish Manufacturing Industry: The Case of Gaziantep City

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ragıp KALELİOGLU
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Technological Transformation ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Key Indicators

:Ensuring competition in global economy, the production of high value products within the country and the reduction of current budget deficit; in other words, increasing the output of industries manufacturing intermediate goods and end products, which have high import dependency, are major targets of Turkey. The state of technological infrastructure of manufacturing industry in the country as well as the process of change that the industry undergoes are essential for the realization of these targets. New technologies play an important role in the competitiveness and economic development of cities, region and the country in the international market. In particular, the use of new technologies in manufacturing industry and companies’ capacity for innovation are prerequisites for businesses to enter a tougher competition in the global economy as well as for cities and countries to persevere on the larger scale. In this respect, the main purpose of this study is to examine the technological transformation of the manufacturing industry in Gaziantep, which is positioned in the top five among Turkey's exports and employs a considerable work force, in comparison to the technological change experienced by the manufacturing industry in Turkey. In the study, the technological level of manufacturing industry in Turkey and the technological change process of manufacturing industry in Gaziantep are presented between 2009-2016 with key indicators. The findings of this study reveal that the current level of technology the city of Gaziantep manufacturing industry has had is far behind the level Turkish manufacturing industry has reached.

Artificial Intelligence as a Technological Innovation to Accelerate Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
S. V. Shchurina ◽  
A. S. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
The Government

The subject of the research is the introduction of artificial intelligence as a technological innovation into the Russian economic development. The relevance of the problem is due to the fact that the Russian market of artificial intelligence is still in the infancy and the necessity to bridge the current technological gap between Russia and the leading economies of the world is coming to the forefront. The financial sector, the manufacturing industry and the retail trade are the drivers of the artificial intelligence development. However, company managers in Russia are not prepared for the practical application of expensive artificial intelligence technologies. Under these circumstances, the challenge is to develop measures to support high-tech projects of small and medium-sized businesses, given that the technological innovation considered can accelerate the development of the Russian economy in the energy sector fully or partially controlled by the government as well as in the military-industrial complex and the judicial system.The purposes of the research were to examine the current state of technological innovations in the field of artificial intelligence in the leading countries and Russia and develop proposals for improving the AI application in the Russian practices.The paper concludes that the artificial intelligence is a breakthrough technology with a great application potential. Active promotion of the artificial intelligence in companies significantly increases their efficiency, competitiveness, develops industry markets, stimulates introduction of new technologies, improves product quality and scales up manufacturing. In general, the artificial intelligence gives a new impetus to the development of Russia and facilitates its entry into the five largest world’s economies.

M. A. Ayuh. Made in Jamaica: The Development of Manufacturing Sector. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1981. xxii+128 pp.

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Najam-us- Saqib
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Caribbean Country ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Made In

Jamaica, known in the world for her rich deposits of bauxite ore, is a small Caribbean country with an area of 10991 square kilometers and a population of just over two million individuals. This beautifu11and, which was described by Columbus as "The fairest isle that eyes have beheld" has developed a remarkably diversified manufacturing sector starting from a modest industrial base. Jamaica's manufacturing industry enjoyed a respectable growth rate of about 6 percent per annum during the good old days of the euphoric '50s and '60s. However, those bright sunny days ''when to live was bliss" were followed by the chilling winter of much subdued progress. The rise and fall of growth have aroused considerable interest among economists and policy• makers. The book under review probes the causes of this behaviour by analysing key characteristics of Jamaican manufacturing sector and tracing its path of evolution.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Environmental Regulation’s Impact on Green Technological Progress—Evidence from China’s Manufacturing Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1600
Author(s):  
Weijiang Liu ◽  
Mingze Du ◽  
Yuxin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Biased Technological Change ◽  
Chinese Manufacturing Industry

As the world’s largest developing country, and as the home to many of the world’s factories, China plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of the world economy regarding environmental protection, energy conservation, and emission reduction issues. Based on the data from 2003–2015, this paper examined the green total factor productivity and the technological progress in the Chinese manufacturing industry. A slack-based measure (SBM) Malmquist productivity index was used to measure the bias of technological change (BTC), input-biased technological change (IBTC), and output-biased technological change (OBTC) by decomposing the technological progress. It also investigated the mechanism of environmental regulation, property right structure, enterprise-scale, energy consumption structure, and other factors on China’s technological progress bias. The empirical results showed the following: (1) there was a bias of technological progress in the Chinese manufacturing industry during the research period; (2) although China’s manufacturing industry’s output tended to become greener, it was still characterized by a preference for overall CO2 output; and (3) the impact of environmental regulations on the Chinese manufacturing industry’s technological progress had a significant threshold effect. The flexible control of environmental regulatory strength will benefit the Chinese manufacturing industry’s technological development. (4) R&D investment, export delivery value, and structure of energy consumption significantly contributed to promoting technological progress. This study provides further insight into the sustainable development of China’s manufacturing sector to promote green-biased technological progress and to achieve the dual goal of environmental protection and healthy economic growth.

scholarly journals The Role of Internal Control in Firms’ Coping with the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6294
Author(s):  
Peiqing Zhu ◽  
Jianbo Song
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Firm Heterogeneity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Internal control plays a role in risk prevention for firms when dealing with serious emergencies, which ensures the sustainable development of firms during a crisis. Based on the rapid outbreak of COVID-19 in China, this paper empirically tests whether internal control alleviates the negative impact of the pandemic on firm performance. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms from the first quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2020 and employing the difference-in-difference (DID) method, we find that the firms with a higher quality of internal control achieve better financial performance during the pandemic period; the more serious the pandemic is, the more obvious effect internal control plays. Furthermore, we consider the industry heterogeneity and firm heterogeneity of the risk resistance effect of internal control. In the manufacturing industry, which is a “disaster zone” of the pandemic, and the non-high-tech industry with a low degree of digitization, internal control can play a more important role in firms’ performance. Moreover, for state-owned enterprises, and firms with strong financing constraints, the role of internal control is more prominent. The above results provide empirical evidence for the risk prevention function of internal control and shed new light on the measures for firms to resist emergencies in the future.

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