scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of a Field-Scale Anaerobic Baffled Reactor as an Economic and Sustainable Solution for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10461
Author(s):  
Yasmin Saif ◽  
Mahwish Ali ◽  
Ian M. Jones ◽  
Safia Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

The present study explored the efficiency of a four-chambered anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) as a cost-effective and sustainable method of organic pollutant and pathogen removal from domestic wastewater, under a range of environmental conditions. An ABR with a circular additional filter at the outlet pipe was constructed to treat wastewater from a residential colony of 108 households with an average inflow of 110 m3/day and a nominal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 20 h. Analysis of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, sulfate and phosphate load, and total coliform removal for 2 years of operation, 2015 and 2017, showed a COD of 46%, sulfate load of 28%, phosphate load of 51% and total nitrogen of 28% for 2015, compared to a COD of 48%, sulfate load of 44%, phosphate load of 58% and total nitrogen of 31% for 2017. The lack of a significant effect of sludge removal suggested a stable process. The overall efficiency of the ABR increased in the summer, including for pathogen removal, which was significantly higher during the summer months of both years. Overall, the ABR was found to be able to consistently treat primary wastewater, although tertiary effluent treatment was still required before water reuse or final discharge.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) operating at warm temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Khalekuzzaman ◽  
Muhammed Alamgir ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md Nahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract In this research, a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) configuration was proposed consisting of a front sedimentation chamber and four regular baffled chambers followed by two floated filter media chambers for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated HABRs was carried out operating at warm temperature (18.6–37.6 °C) under variable HRTs (30 h and 20 h). The study suggests that almost similar chemical oxygen demand (91% vs 88%), total suspended solids (90% vs 95%), turbidity (98% vs 97%), and volatile suspended solids (90% vs 93%) removal efficiencies were obtained for uninsulated and insulated HABRs. Higher removal of total nitrogen (TN) of 41%, NH4+-N of 44%, and NO3−-N of 91% were achieved by the insulated HABR compared to TN of 37%, NH4+-N of 36%, and NO3−-N of 84% by the uninsulated HABR, whereas lower PO43− removal efficiency of 17% was found in the insulated HABR compared to 24% in the uninsulated HABR. This indicated insulation increased nitrogen removal efficiencies by 4% for TN, 8% for NH4+-N and 7% for NO3−-N, but decreased PO43−removal efficiency by 7%.

Pilot-scale study of an anaerobic baffled reactor for the treatment of domestic wastewater

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dama ◽  
J. Bell ◽  
K.M. Foxon ◽  
C.J. Brouckaert ◽  
T. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

Large proportions of South Africans live in areas with inadequate sanitation and a poor infrastructure for waterborne sanitation. Service providers are looking for alternative wastewater treatment options. The anaerobic baffled reactor is being considered as a decentralised sanitation option in these areas. A 3,200 L reactor was built and is currently being evaluated at a wastewater treatment works. The reactor was built based on experiences gained from working with a laboratory reactor (10 L) and predicted flow patterns observed on a computational fluid dynamics model. The design and construction of the reactor will be discussed in this paper. The feed to the reactor consists of screen degritted sewage and the flow to the reactor is maintained by means of a programmable logic controller. The pilot-plant layout is discussed in this paper. Samples are analysed for chemical oxygen demand, pH, alkalinity, ammonia, phosphorus, solids and ash content. Reductions of between 70 and 80% are obtained for COD and the pH values for the effluent samples are within the discharge limits.

scholarly journals An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side stream membrane bioreactor for treatment of rice gruel wastewater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Nazia ◽  
Karishma Mishra ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Suresh K Bhargava ◽  
Sridhar Sundergopal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Effective Removal

Abstract Significant demand for water supply was to expect forthcoming decades. Production of reusable water from industrial and domestic wastewater is a feasible, cost-effective, and significant positive benefit to the environment. In the present study, the domestic rice gruel wastewater (RGW) treated with aqueous methanol coagulation integrated aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Hydrophilized spiral wound 5 kDa ultrafiltration membrane (HF – UF) used in the bioreactor for the effective removal of pollutants from RGW. Furthermore, the RGW pretreated with various coagulants such as methanol, ethanol, and HCl. The obtained pretreated RGW subjected to the HF-UF 5 kDa side stream AMBR for reusable water production. The experiments conducted to determine the turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) found to be 96 %, 91 %, 91 %, and 94.6 %. The overall process was feasible, compact, environmentally free, cost-effective, eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Effect of turbidity on ultraviolet disinfection of domestic wastewater for agricultural reuse

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Diego Fernando Atoche Garay ◽  
Lisiana Crivelenti Voltolini ◽  
Reinaldo Gaspar Bastos ◽  
Claudinei Fonseca Souza
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Domestic Effluent

Water treatment and reuse are fundamental because of the increasing demand for freshwater, especially in agriculture. Accordingly, this study evaluated the effects of turbidity of wastewater processed at the Effluent Treatment Station (ETE) of the UFSCar/Araras and of UV dose on microbial inactivation. The ETE treats up to 2000 L of wastewater daily from toilets and a university restaurant and has five components (grease box, septic tank, microalgae tank, upflow anaerobic filter, and wetlands). Pretreated effluents were used in the experiments, and sampling sites consisted of inspection boxes located after the wetlands. Sample collection, inspection, preservation, and analyses were performed according to standard methods. Sample turbidity was adjusted to 5, 50, 100, 200, and 300 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), and UV doses of 7.2–28.8 mWs cm-2 were used. A 5 x 5 factorial design (five turbidity levels and five radiation doses) was used, totaling 25 treatments. Each treatment was performed in triplicate. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. The results showed that the increase in turbidity significantly decreased disinfection efficiency in samples with turbidity levels higher than 50 NTU. The microbial inactivation coefficients obtained here can be extrapolated to disinfection of wastewater with turbidity up to 300 NTU to eliminate thermotolerant coliforms. The UV sterilizer is feasible for wastewater treatment and its reuse in agriculture. Keywords: domestic effluent, sustainability, ultraviolet radiation, water reuse.

scholarly journals An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side-stream membrane bioreactor for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Nazia ◽  
Karishma Mishra ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Suresh K Bhargava ◽  
Sridhar Sundergopal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Small Footprint

Abstract The demand for water supply is increasing rapidly across the world due to the exponential growth of population, swift urbanization, and industrialization. Methods for recovery of reusable water from domestic, industrial and agricultural wastewater should be cost-effective, and environmentally safe for the sustainability of water resources. Domestic wastewater is one of the contaminated water sources which need efficient treatment before discharge into water bodies. The novelty of the present study is to treat domestic rice gruel wastewater by coagulation integrated aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR) for the generation of reusable water. A hydrophilized ultrafiltration (HF-UF) spiral wound membrane of 5 kDa molecular weight cut off was used for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater at a feed temperature of 30 °C and 80 °C to study separation performance. Further, a comparison study was carried using various coagulants such as methanol, ethanol, and HCl for integration with HF-UF membrane to determine overall process efficiency at 30 °C. Methanol coagulation + HF-UF membrane based integrated process was able to achieve 93.77%, 95.4%, 91%, and 78.6 %, respectively of total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, conductivity, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Further, this process was integrated with a bioreactor operated under aerobic conditions to improve the process efficiency and purified water quality. From the overall experimental results, the integrated coagulation + AMBR process attained a maximum removal of 93.9, 96, 91, and 94.6 percent of TDS, turbidity, conductivity and COD, correspondingly. Finally, an economic estimation of a 1000 Lh-1 capacity pilot plant is described in detail. The study depicts unique advantages of economy, process safety, small footprint, and eco-friendly for rice gruel wastewater by a combination of chemical coagulation with AMBR.

scholarly journals Effect of eco-enzymes prepared from selected organic waste on domestic waste water treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-333
Author(s):  
Bharvi S. Patel ◽  
Bhanu R. Solanki ◽  
Archana U. Mankad
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Solution ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Water Pollution has become a major problem with increasing urbanisation and rapid industrialisation. Despite the abundance of water, pollution causes the water to be less useful and more harmful to health, environment, and life on our planet. In past few years, many researchers have focussed on use of biological & physical treatment methods that are cost-effective and cause no harm to the environment instead of chemical methods. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of organic solid wastes in the form of orange peels, marigold flowers, and neem leaves on domestic wastewater treatment. Eco-enzyme solutions were prepared using Dr. Rosukon’s method from the wastes mentioned which involves mixing jaggery along with the wastes and water in the ratio of 1:3:10. The eco-enzyme solution was then allowed to be prepared through 90 days of fermentation process. The three eco-enzyme solutions – after 10 days of filtration – were then mixed with domestic wastewater samples individually keeping 90 astewater and 10% eco-enzyme solution. The results after 50 days of digestion period suggests that orange eco-enzyme was the most effective in reducing Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) while Marigold eco-enzyme was most effective in reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD).

An integrated process of methanol coagulation and side-stream membrane bioreactor for the treatment of rice gruel wastewater 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Nazia ◽  
Karishma Mishra ◽  
Veeriah Jegatheesan ◽  
Suresh K Bhargava ◽  
Sridhar Sundergopal
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Effective Removal

Abstract Significant demand for water supply was to expect forthcoming decades. Production of reusable water from industrial and domestic wastewater is a feasible, cost-effective, and significant positive benefit to the environment. In the present study, the domestic rice gruel wastewater (RGW) treated with aqueous methanol coagulation integrated aerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Hydrophilized (HF) spiral wound 5 kDa ultrafiltration (UF) membrane used in the bioreactor for the effective removal of pollutants from RGW. Furthermore, the RGW pretreated with various coagulants such as methanol, ethanol, and HCl. The obtained pretreated RGW subjected to the HF-UF 5 kDa side stream AMBR for reusable water production. The experiments conducted to determine the turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) found to be 96%, 91%, 91%, and 94.6%. The overall process was feasible, compact, environmentally free, cost-effective, eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of novel attached-growth high rate algal pond system with additional artificial illumination for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesirine Jinda ◽  
Thammarat Koottatep ◽  
Chawalit Chaiwong ◽  
Chongrak Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Conventional Systems

Abstract Domestic wastewater containing a high proportion of organic matter and nutrients is a serious pollution problem in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a novel attached-growth high rate algal pond (AG-HRAP) employing attached-growth media and artificial light sources for treating domestic wastewater and enhancing nutrient recovery. Light intensities in the range of 40–180 μmol/m2/s were used in the AG-HRAPs. The experimental results showed that the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies of 88, 62 and 69%, respectively, were found at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days and the average light intensity of 180 μmol/m2/s. Moreover, the effluent COD concentrations could meet Thailand's national discharge standard. The highest biomass and protein productivities of 54 ± 4 and 37 ± 8 g/m2/d, respectively, were found in the AG-HRAPs, which were higher than in previous studies of HRAPs. The Stover-Kincannon kinetic values for COD, TN and TP removals of the AG-HRAPs (R2 = 0.9) were higher than those of the conventional systems. Additionally, the novel AG-HRAP system could provide a highly cost-effective operation when compared to other microalgal systems.

Evaluation of recirculating sand filter in a cold climate

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Christopherson ◽  
J.L. Anderson ◽  
D.M. Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Alternative Technologies

Approximately 30% of Minnesota's residents rely on onsite technologies for their wastewater treatment. There is a growing need for ‘alternative, technologies to aid in treatment for difficult sites and sensitive environmental areas. Recirculating sand filters (RSFs) have been used since the 1970s for small communities with flows >20,000 L per day, but use for small flow application (<5,000 L/d) has been growing due to its small land use requirement. A research site was developed in southern Minnesota in 1995 to test alternative technologies, including two RSFs. In addition, in 1998, two RSFs were added to existing residential soil treatment systems that were having problems because of inadequate separation and fill soil conditions. All RSFs in this study used 0.6 metres of coarse sand for treatment, were loaded at approximately 204 L per day per square metre (5 gallons per square foot per day) and a recirculation rate of 5:1. All RSFs have effectively reduced Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Fecal Coliform (FC) and Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). These systems are able to achieve secondary effluent treatment levels for BOD5 and TSS. The median FC reduction was 90% with a value of 5.7 E4 cfu/100 mL, indicating additional treatment is necessary to protect health and the environment. The RSFs consistently removed 25% or more total phosphorus (TP) and 40% or more total nitrogen (TN). The RSFs did not show significantly decreased performance during the winter months. Two of the RSFs receiving rather high strength domestic waste were able to reduce a greater percentage of total nitrogen, indicated that the addition of carbon from the high strength waste is a benefit resulting in greater TN removal.

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