scholarly journals Combining Genetic Gain and Diversity in Plant Breeding: Heritability of Root Selection in Wheat Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12778
Author(s):  
Johannes Timaeus ◽  
Odette Denise Weedon ◽  
Maria Renate Finckh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Selection Effect ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Competitive Response ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Population Breeding

To increase the resilience of agroecological farming systems against weeds, pests, and pathogens, evolutionary breeding of diversified crop populations is highly promising. A fundamental challenge in population breeding is to combine effective selection and breeding progress while maintaining intraspecific diversity. A hydroponic system was tested for its suitability to non-destructively select root traits on a population level in order to achieve genetic gain and maintain diversity. Forty wheat progenies were selected for long seminal root length (SRL) and 40 for short SRL from a wheat composite cross population grown in a hydroponic system. Wheat progenies were multiplied, and a subset evaluated again in a hydroponic system. Preliminary tests in soil and competition experiments with a model weed were performed. The hydroponic selection for long SRL led to an increase of SRL by 1.6 cm (11.6%) in a single generation. Heritability for selection of SRL was 0.59. Selecting for short SRL had no effect. The preliminary soil-based test confirmed increased shoot length but not increased SRL. Preliminary competition experiments point to slightly improved competitive response of wheat progenies but no improved competitive effect on mustard. These results indicate a heritable selection effect for SRL on a population level, combining genetic gain and intraspecific diversity.

scholarly journals Root traits for low input agroecosystems in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mame Sokhatil Ndoye ◽  
Jimmy Burridge ◽  
Rahul Bhosale ◽  
Alexandre Grondin ◽  
Laurent Laplaze
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
New Cultivars

In Africa, agriculture is largely based on low-input and small-holder farming systems that use little inorganic fertilizers and have limited access to irrigation and mechanization in comparison to modern agricultural systems. Improving agricultural practices and developing new cultivars adapted to these low-input environments, where production already suffers from climate change, is a major priority for ensuring food security in the future. Root phenes improving water and nutrient uptake could represent a solution toward achieving these goals. In this review, we illustrate how breeding for specific root phenes could improve crop adaptation and resilience in Africa using three case studies covering very contrasted low-input agro-ecosystems. We conclude with a discussion on how these phenes could be validated and made available to breeders and agronomists.

scholarly journals Growing Insights and Youth Knowledge in the NFT Hydraulic Application (Nutrient Film Technique)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Johan Andri Pratama ◽  
Alfian Hamdani ◽  
Aryanda Tata Permana
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
The Way

The more rapid growth of technology allows humans to work effectively and efficiently. Technology proves the way humans change patterns of significant social change, from those that initially used human power to machines. The way humans use machines is inseparable from the ways and techniques of its use which are effective and efficient. One of the technologies used is the technology of crop cultivation without using soil as a planting medium. The technology introduced is hydroponics. Hydroponics as a way of farming is an approach that has several advantages, namely the use of agricultural land that is not extensive, and the system is not too complicated. The introduction of this technology aims to provide insight and knowledge to the public about the technology of crop cultivation in addition to conventional farming systems. This activity was carried out in Rayung gumuk Village, Glagah District, Lamongan Regency. The hydroponic system that we introduce is the NFT hydroponic system (Nutrient Film Technique). The goal is because the hydroponic system is easily applied and has several significant advantages. The first method of implementation is socialization.This is done to find out the extent to which people's insights and knowledge about hydroponics and the interests and interests of the community towards hydroponic using the NFT system. Moreover, the second is training. It aims to provide techniques and methods for assembling NFT hydroponic installations. From the results of our activities, the community's response to hydroponics is still minimal because some of them still consider hydroponic use too costly and their disinterest in agriculture.

scholarly journals Genetic factors affecting genetic variance in coarse-wool sheep

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Ozerov ◽  
M. Tapio ◽  
J. Kantanen ◽  
S. N. Marzanova ◽  
E. A. Koreckaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Geographical Latitude ◽  
Domestic Livestock

The life activity of the rural population in the world is 70% dependent on the traditional animal farming systems based on the domestic livestock breeds. Consequently, it is very important to preserve and enhance the local breeds of animals resistant to any diseases and better adapted to the changing environmental conditions. The environmental factors affecting the genetic structure in 24 coarse-wool breeds of sheep reared in 9 countries of Europe and Asia have been studied. The genetic surveys of twenty microsatellite loci were carried out. The most significant environmental factors causing the genetic variance in the analyzed sheep breeds appeared to be the geographical latitude and the annual mean temperature. The genetic variance of the coarse-wool sheep breeds was generally higher at low geographical latitudes, which corresponds to the data obtained for the other vertebral species. Therefore, the protection of sheep populations inhabiting the areas at the low geographical latitudes can better maintain the intraspecific diversity. This fact should be especially considered when planning the programs to conserve the biodiversity of farm animals. The breeds of sheep reared near the centers of domestication are distributed in the low latitude ranges. They have a higher genetic variance. Therefore, they can serve as the source of genes contributing to adaptation under the conditions of global climate change.

scholarly journals Strategies to select soybean segregating populations with the goal of improving agronomic traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39324
Author(s):  
Fabiana Mota da Silva ◽  
Elise De Matos Pereira ◽  
Bruno Henrique Pedroso Val ◽  
Dilermando Perecin ◽  
Antonio Orlando Di Mauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Branches

The success of breeding programs depends on selection procedures and on the breeding methods adopted for selecting segregating populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Bulk method with selection in the F3 generation (BulkF3) compared to that of Bulk method as well as determine the most effective selection strategy in terms of genetic gain. Twenty segregating populations were selected by two methods. The 60 best families of each method were selected according to their average agronomic performance. An augmented block design was used. The following agronomic traits were evaluated: insertion height of first pod, plant height at maturity, number of branches and of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and grain yield. For comparison of the methods, genetic component estimates, genetic gain and predicted breeding values were calculated using mixed models (REML and BLUP). The results showed the families obtained with the BulkF3 method were more productive, showed suitable plant height, a larger number of branches and pods, and higher 100-seed weight. The BulkF3 method was found to be an effective selection strategy for soybean improvement. 

Impacts of animal genetic gain on the profitability of three different grassland farming systems producing red meat

2015 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Thompson ◽  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
A.C. Bywater ◽  
J.M. Rendel ◽  
N.R. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Red Meat

scholarly journals Production and photosynthetic activity of Mimosa Verde and Mimosa Roxa lettuce in two farming systems

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Mabel Rosa ◽  
Hizumi Lua Sarti Seó ◽  
Maila Berté Volpato ◽  
Nathalie Vieira Foz ◽  
Tatiane Carine da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Net Assimilation

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is the most commonly consumed leaf vegetable in the Brazilian diet, and it is a good source of vitamins and minerals. It is widely grown in the conventional farming system. However, the hydroponic farming system has been gaining importance in the market, wining confidence from consumers, who are becoming increasingly more demanding on food quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two lettuce cultivars on hydroponic and conventional farming systems for the production of fresh mass (FM) and dry mass (DM), photosynthesis, contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin. The following two experiments were carried out: hydroponics farming (HF) and conventional farming (CF), performed in protect and unprotect environments, respectively, in Florianópolis, SC. Mimosa Verde cultivar (MV) showed greater fresh mass than Mimosa Roxa (MR), in both farming systems and the two cultivars presented better performance in the hydroponic system (287.7 g MV and 139.1 g MR) than the conventional system (129.7 g MV and 111.8 g MR). Mimosa Verde cultivar presented lower average contents of total chlorophyll (7.7 mg g-¹ FM) than Mimosa Roxa (11.8 mg g-¹FM), and both cultivars displayed higher means for this variable in the hydroponic farming system. Mimosa Roxa presented higher contents of anthocyanin in the conventional system (88.24 mg g-¹ FM) than the ones in the hydroponic system (36.89 mg g-¹ FM). The best results for CO2 net assimilation rate regarded to photosyntheticaly active photon flux density were found in the hydroponic system, for both lettuce cultivars. Variation in the contents of chlorophyll were also found. Those variations were higher in the protected system than in the hydroponic system and contents of anthocyanin were higher in the conventional system.

Genomic selection in crops, trees and forages: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Lin ◽  
B. J. Hayes ◽  
H. D. Daetwyler
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Marker Density ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Factors Affecting

Genomic selection is now being used at an accelerating pace in many plant species. This review first discusses the factors affecting the accuracy of genomic selection, and then interprets results of existing plant genomic selection studies in light of these factors. Differences between genomic breeding strategies for self-pollinated and open-pollinated species, and between-population level v. within-family design, are highlighted. As expected, more training individuals, higher trait heritability and higher marker density generally lead to better accuracy of genomic breeding values in both self-pollinated and open-pollinated plants. Most published studies to date have artificially limited effective population size by using designs of bi-parental or within-family structure to increase accuracies. The capacity of genomic selection to reduce generation intervals by accurately evaluating traits at an early age makes it an effective tool to deliver more genetic gain from plant breeding in many cases.

scholarly journals Characterization of Root System Architecture Traits in Diverse Soybean Genotypes Using a Semi-Hydroponic System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2781
Author(s):  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Naheeda Begum ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
Tuanjie Zhao ◽  
Bingcheng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Phenotypic variation and correlations among root traits form the basis for selecting and breeding soybean varieties with efficient access to water and nutrients and better adaptation to abiotic stresses. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and consistent system to study root traits in soybean. In this study, we adopted the semi-hydroponic system to investigate the variability in root morphological traits of 171 soybean genotypes popularized in the Yangtze and Huaihe River regions, eastern China. Highly diverse phenotypes were observed: shoot height (18.7–86.7 cm per plant with a median of 52.3 cm); total root length (208–1663 cm per plant with a median of 885 cm); and root mass (dry weight) (19.4–251 mg per plant with a median of 124 mg). Both total root length and root mass exhibited significant positive correlation with shoot mass (p ≤ 0.05), indicating their relationship with plant growth and adaptation strategies. The nine selected traits contributed to one of the two principal components (eigenvalues > 1), accounting for 78.9% of the total genotypic variation. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis separated the 171 genotypes into five major groups based on these root traits. Three selected genotypes with contrasting root systems were validated in soil-filled rhizoboxes (1.5 m deep) until maturity. Consistent ranking of the genotypes in some important root traits at various growth stages between the two experiments indicates the reliability of the semi-hydroponic system in phenotyping root trait variability at the early growth stage in soybean germplasms.

scholarly journals Organic farming - Deep genotyping reveals specific selection footprints in barley populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Marissa Barbosa ◽  
Agim Ballvora ◽  
Jens Leon
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Exotic Alleles ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Pooled Samples

Abstract Organic farming has the potential to tackle the imminent task of sustainable food production, if the yields could be raised. Here, the benefits of additional exotic alleles, the necessity of increased genetic heterogeneity in organically farmed systems and the buffering capacities by the pronounced plasticity of root traits are demonstrated. Two barley populations, naturally adapted for more than two decades to organic and conventional farming systems, were compared by a novel strategy of whole genome resequencing of pooled samples. Substantial allele frequency deviations between the farming systems were uncovered (for various agronomically relevant chromosomal regions) by testing multiple generations. In contrast to the organic adapted population, an early equilibrium in the conventional population was observed, accompanied reduced genetic diversity. Differences between the populations were revealed in root morphology, developmental processes and abiotic stress responses. These findings indicate that wild genetic resources play a critical role in the development of organically adapted varieties and distinct variations in ecosystems demand different genetic compositions.

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