scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of Failure Mechanisms in Articulated Concrete Block Mattress as a Sustainable Coastal Protection Structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12794
Author(s):  
Ramin Safari Ghaleh ◽  
Omid Aminoroayaie Yamini ◽  
S. Hooman Mousavi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kavianpour
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Similarity Parameter ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Run Up

Shoreline protection remains a global priority. Typically, coastal areas are protected by armoring them with hard, non-native, and non-sustainable materials such as limestone. To increase the execution speed and environmental friendliness and reduce the weight of individual concrete blocks and reinforcements, concrete blocks can be designed and implemented as Articulated Concrete Block Mattress (ACB Mat). These structures act as an integral part and can be used as a revetment on the breakwater body or shoreline protection. Physical models are one of the key tools for estimating and investigating the phenomena in coastal structures. However, it does have limitations and obstacles; consequently, in this study, numerical modeling of waves on these structures has been utilized to simulate wave propagation on the breakwater, via Flow-3D software with VOF. Among the factors affecting the instability of ACB Mat are breaking waves as well as the shaking of the revetment and the displacement of the armor due to the uplift force resulting from the failure. The most important purpose of the present study is to investigate the ability of numerical Flow-3D model to simulate hydrodynamic parameters in coastal revetment. The run-up values of the waves on the concrete block armoring will multiply with increasing break parameter (0.5<ξm−1,0<3.3) due to the existence of plunging waves until it (Ru2%Hm0=1.6) reaches maximum. Hence, by increasing the breaker parameter and changing breaking waves (ξm−1,0>3.3) type to collapsing waves/surging waves, the trend of relative wave run-up changes on concrete block revetment increases gradually. By increasing the breaker index (surf similarity parameter) in the case of plunging waves (0.5<ξm−1,0<3.3), the low values on the relative wave run-down are greatly reduced. Additionally, in the transition region, the change of breaking waves from plunging waves to collapsing/surging (3.3<ξm−1,0<5.0), the relative run-down process occurs with less intensity.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF SPECIALLY SHAPED CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR ABSORBING WAVE ENERGY

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Shoshichiro Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Cast Concrete ◽  
Protective Cover ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Energy Absorbing

Laboratory tests were performed to determine wave energy absorbing ability of and stability characteristics against breaking waves of various shaped pre-cast concrete armor units used for protective cover layers on the seaward slopes of rubblemound breakwaters and for parallel dykes placed the offshore sides of seawalls. A new shape of armor units, a hollow tetrahedron concrete block with a porosity of 25 percentages in the body was proved to have better characteristics for wave energy absorbing ability and attenuation of wave run-up, as well as for stability against breaking waves also than tetrapod or other armor units used up-to-date.

scholarly journals WAVE RUN-UP OBSERVATIONS ON REVETMENTS WITH DIFFERENT POROSITIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schimmels ◽  
Michalis Vousdoukas ◽  
Dagmara Wziatek ◽  
Katharina Becker ◽  
Fabian Gier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Large Wave ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
New Type ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Good Agreement

Wave run-up plays an important role in the design of coastal protection structures. However, none of the existing formulae for wave run-up predictions explicitly considers the effect of revetment porosity. Recently, two revetments have been tested in the Large Wave Flume (GWK) of Forschungszentrum Küste (FZK), a new type of highly porous polyurethane bonded (PBA revetment) revetment and a smooth interlocked pattern placed concrete block revetment (IPPB revetment), which is considered as “weakly permeable” for the present study. Wave run-up is evaluated by video data analysis based on timestack image processing. The results derived from the timestacks are compared to run-up data measured with conventional wire gauges and the good agreement demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of the video data analysis. The effect of the porosity of the revetment is incorporated into the EuroTop wave run-up formula, showing that for the present case it may reduce the relative run-up heights Ru,2%/Hm0 by about 25 % to 50 % as compared to a smooth impermeable slope.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental analysis of the shear capacity of interconnected concrete block walls

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Luciane Marcela Filizola de Oliveira ◽  
Márcio Roberto Silva Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Predicting the behavior of interconnected masonry walls is a challenging issue, given the influence of a wide range of factors, such as the mechanical properties of the materials (blocks and mortar) and the way the walls are connected to each other. In this paper, experimental results in H-shaped walls subjected to shear at the vertical interface are introduced with a numerical representation. Concrete blocks and two types of connections (running bond and U-steel anchors) were considered in the tests. Computational modelling was carried out using the Diana® FEM software to complete the study and understand the structural behavior of the masonry panels. The influence of the bonding pattern on the experimental and numerical response was studied and good agreement between the results was found. Moreover, the numerical analysis showed that the computer models of the interconnected walls adequately represented the behavior of the physical models regarding load capacity and cracking patterns.

scholarly journals Reduction of maximum tsunami run-up due to the interaction with beachfront development – application of single sinusoidal waves

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1119-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Goseberg
Keyword(s):  
Long Waves ◽  
Similarity Parameter ◽  
Beach Slope ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Development Application ◽  
Horizontal Bottom

Abstract. Experiments are presented that focus on the interaction of single sinusoidal long waves with beachfront development on the shore. A pump-driven methodology is applied to generate the tested waves in the wave flume. The approaching waves firstly propagate over a horizontal bottom, then climbing up a 1 in 40 beach slope. The experiments reported here are confined to the surf similarity parameter of the waves ranging from ξ = 7.69 − 10.49. The maximum run-up of the tested waves under undisturbed conditions agrees well with analytical results of Madsen and Schäffer (2010). Beachfront development is modelled with cubic concrete blocks (macro-roughness (MR) elements). The obstruction ratio, the number of element rows parallel to the shoreline as well as the way of arranging the MR elements influences the overall reduction of maximum run-up compared to the undisturbed run-up conditions. Staggered and aligned as well as rotated and non-rotated arrangements are tested. As a result, nomograms are finally compiled to depict the maximum run-up reduction over the surf similarity parameter.

scholarly journals Wave Overtopping of Stepped Revetments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils B. Kerpen ◽  
Talia Schoonees ◽  
Torsten Schlurmann
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Vertical Wall ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Run Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Parameter Ranges

Wave overtopping—i.e., excess of water over the crest of a coastal protection infrastructure due to wave run-up—of a smooth slope can be reduced by introducing slope roughness. A stepped revetment ideally constitutes a slope with uniform roughness and can reduce overtopping volumes of breaking waves up to 60% compared to a smooth slope. The effectiveness of the overtopping reduction decreases with increasing Iribarren number. However, to date a unique approach applicable for a wide range of boundary conditions is still missing. The present paper: (i) critically reviews and analyzes previous findings; (ii) contributes new results from extensive model tests addressing present knowledge gaps; and (iii) proposes a novel empirical formulation for robust prediction of wave overtopping of stepped revetments for breaking and non-breaking waves. The developed approach contrasts a critical assessment based on parameter ranges disclosed beforehand between a smooth slope on the one hand and a plain vertical wall on the other. The derived roughness reduction coefficient is developed and adjusted for a direct incorporation into the present design guidelines. Underlying uncertainties due to scatter of the results are addressed and quantified. Scale effects are highlighted.

scholarly journals Coral Reef Geometry and Hydrodynamics in Beach Erosion Control in North Quintana Roo, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Escudero ◽  
Borja G. Reguero ◽  
Edgar Mendoza ◽  
Fernando Secaira ◽  
Rodolfo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Shoreline Change ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Erosion Mitigation

Coral reefs are increasingly recognized for their shoreline protection services. The hydrodynamic performance of this ecosystem is comparable to artificial low-crested structures often used in coastal protection, whose objective is to emulate the former. Coral reefs also provide other important environmental services (e.g., food production, habitat provision, maintenance of biodiversity and social and cultural services) and leave almost no ecological footprint when conservation and restoration actions are conducted to maintain their coastal protection service. However, studies have focused on their flood protection service, but few have evaluated the morphological effects of coral reefs through their ability to avoid or mitigate coastal erosion. In this paper, we investigate the relation between shoreline change, reefs’ geometry and hydrodynamic parameters to elucidate the physics related to how the Mesoamerican Reef in Mexico protects sandy coastlines from erosion. Using numerical wave propagation and historical shoreline change calculated from satellite imagery, a direct correlation was found between shoreline movement, the depths and widths of reef flats, changes in the wave energy flux, and the radiation stresses of breaking waves. The findings indicate that the most remarkable efficacy in preventing beach erosion is due to reefs with shallow crests, wide reef flats, a dissipative lagoon seabed, located at ∼300 m from the coastline. The results provide essential insights for reef restoration projects focused on erosion mitigation and designing artificial reefs in microtidal sandy beaches. Results are limited to wave-dominated coasts.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ENERGI PADA BERBAGAI MATERIAL DINDING (BATA, BATAKO DAN BATA RINGAN)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Sri Novianthi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
Selection Of

In building design, the selection of building materials is one aspect that needs to be considered. Building materials are components that require energy in the manufacturing process. In the process of building material production, the use of energy at each stage becomes one of the parameters of CO2 carbon emission levels. The higher the use of fossil energy, the higher the CO2 emissions and the risk of causing global warming. Bricks, concrete blocks, and lightweight bricks are the types of materials commonly used to make building walls. The selection of wall materials is still largely related to price or aesthetic considerations, but the assessment of the level of environmental friendliness is still lacking in attention. This study tries to analyse the life cycle of energy in wall materials (bricks, concrete blocks and lightweight bricks). From the research results obtained, concrete block is the lowest material in the use of production energy.

scholarly journals Reduction of maximum tsunami run-up due to the interaction with beachfront development – application of single sinusoidal waves

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2991-3010 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Goseberg
Keyword(s):  
Long Waves ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Similarity Parameter ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Tsunami Run Up ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Development Application ◽  
Horizontal Bottom

Abstract. Experiments are presented that focus on the interaction of single sinusoidal long waves with beachfront development on the shore. A pump-driven methodology is applied to generate the tested waves in the wave flume. The approaching waves firstly propagate over a horizontal bottom, then climbing up a 1 in 40 beach slope. The experiments reported here are confined to the surf similarity parameter of the waves ranging from ξ =7.69–10.49. The maximum run-up of the tested waves under undisturbed conditions agrees well with analytical results of of Madsen and Schäffer (2010). Beachfront development is modelled with cubic concrete blocks (macro-roughness (MR) elements). The obstruction ratio, the number of element rows parallel to the shoreline as well as the way of arranging the MR elements influences the overall reduction of maximum run-up compared to the undisturbed run-up conditions. Staggered and aligned as well as rotated and non-rotated arrangements are tested. As a result, nomograms are finally compiled to depict the maximum run-up reduction over the surf similarity parameter. In addition, some guidance on practical application of the results to an example location is given.

scholarly journals Single Slope Shore Protection as a Wave Energy Catcher

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsyad Thaha ◽  
P H Mukhsan ◽  
A.M. Subhan ◽  
A. Ildha Dwipuspita
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Wave Steepness ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Run Up

Wave energy is being increasingly regarded in many countries as a major, promising and renewable resource. This paper presents the development of slope coastal protection as a wave energy converter by capturing sea water into the reservoir through overtopping process. Physical models simulation were conducted at The Laboratory of Coastal Engineering, Hasanuddin University. A model of 30 cm x 90 cm in the 30° degree of slope made from acrylic material equipped with a reservoir at the top surface of the structures to catch seawater through run up and overtopping. Models were simulated with various wave high and periods as well as high of freeboard. The results showed that the overtopping discharge (Q) much influenced by relative freeboard height (Fb/d), wave steepness (Hi/L), reflected waves (Kr) and the number of standing waves (Nsw). The increasing Fb, the decreasing Q; the increasing wave steepness, the increasing overtopping discharge. It was found that the larger the reflection coefficient, the greater the discharge overtopping. Standing waves in front of the structure due to the superposition of the incident wave and reflection waves also contribute to enlarge the overtopping discharge.

PHYSICAL INTERPRETATION OF WAVE BREAKING CRITERIA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kuznetsov ◽  
Sergey Kuznetsov ◽  
Yana Saprykina ◽  
Yana Saprykina ◽  
Boris Divinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Wave ◽  
Wave Breaking ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Wave Transformation ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Similarity Parameter ◽  
Nonlinear Harmonics ◽  
The Waves

On the base of experimental data it was revealed that type of wave breaking depends on wave asymmetry against the vertical axis at wave breaking point. The asymmetry of waves is defined by spectral structure of waves: by the ratio between amplitudes of first and second nonlinear harmonics and by phase shift between them. The relative position of nonlinear harmonics is defined by a stage of nonlinear wave transformation and the direction of energy transfer between the first and second harmonics. The value of amplitude of the second nonlinear harmonic in comparing with first harmonic is significantly more in waves, breaking by spilling type, than in waves breaking by plunging type. The waves, breaking by plunging type, have the crest of second harmonic shifted forward to one of the first harmonic, so the waves have "saw-tooth" shape asymmetrical to vertical axis. In the waves, breaking by spilling type, the crests of harmonic coincides and these waves are symmetric against the vertical axis. It was found that limit height of breaking waves in empirical criteria depends on type of wave breaking, spectral peak period and a relation between wave energy of main and second nonlinear wave harmonics. It also depends on surf similarity parameter defining conditions of nonlinear wave transformations above inclined bottom.

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