scholarly journals The New Boundaries of 3D-Printed Clay Bricks Design: Printability of Complex Internal Geometries

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Valentino Sangiorgio ◽  
Fabio Parisi ◽  
Francesco Fieni ◽  
Nicola Parisi
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Internal Configuration

The building construction sector is undergoing one of the most profound transformations towards the digital transition of production. In recent decades, the advent of a novel technology for the 3D printing of clay opened up new sustainable possibilities in construction. Some architectural applications of 3D-printed clay bricks with simple internal configurations are being developed around the world. On the other hand, the full potential of 3D-printed bricks for building production is still unknown. Scientific studies about the design and printability of 3D-printed bricks exploiting complex internal geometries are completely missing in the related literature. This paper explores the new boundaries of 3D-printed clay bricks realized with a sustainable extrusion-based 3D clay printing process by proposing a novel conception, design, and analysis. In particular, the proposed methodological approach includes: (i) conception and design; (ii) parametric modeling; (iii) simulation of printability; and (iv) prototyping. The new design and conception aim to fully exploit the potential of 3D printing to realize complex internal geometry in a 3D-printed brick. To this aim, the research investigates the printability of internal configuration generated by using geometries with well-known remarkable mechanical properties, such as periodic minimal surfaces. In conclusion, the results are validated by a wide prototyping campaign.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of a Self-Healing Thermoplastic Polyurethane through FDM: From Polymer Slab to Mechanical Assessment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Linda Ritzen ◽  
Vincenzo Montano ◽  
Santiago J. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
The Self ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed

The use of self-healing (SH) polymers to make 3D-printed polymeric parts offers the potential to increase the quality of 3D-printed parts and to increase their durability and damage tolerance due to their (on-demand) dynamic nature. Nevertheless, 3D-printing of such dynamic polymers is not a straightforward process due to their polymer architecture and rheological complexity and the limited quantities produced at lab-scale. This limits the exploration of the full potential of self-healing polymers. In this paper, we present the complete process for fused deposition modelling of a room temperature self-healing polyurethane. Starting from the synthesis and polymer slab manufacturing, we processed the polymer into a continuous filament and 3D printed parts. For the characterization of the 3D printed parts, we used a compression cut test, which proved useful when limited amount of material is available. The test was able to quasi-quantitatively assess both bulk and 3D printed samples and their self-healing behavior. The mechanical and healing behavior of the 3D printed self-healing polyurethane was highly similar to that of the bulk SH polymer. This indicates that the self-healing property of the polymer was retained even after multiple processing steps and printing. Compared to a commercial 3D-printing thermoplastic polyurethane, the self-healing polymer displayed a smaller mechanical dependency on the printing conditions with the added value of healing cuts at room temperature.

4D Printing of Complex Ceramic Structures via Controlling Zirconia Contents and Patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Rong ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Yingbin Hu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dynamic Components

Abstract In recent years, more and more attentions have been attracted on integrating three-dimensional (3D) printing with fields (such as magnetic field) or innovating new methods to reap the full potential of 3D printing in manufacturing high-quality parts and processing nano-scaled composites. Among all of newly innovated methods, four-dimensional (4D) printing has been proved to be an effective way of creating dynamic components from simple structures. Common feeding materials in 4D printing include shape memory hydrogels, shape memory polymers, and shape memory alloys. However, few attempts have been made on 4D printing of ceramic materials to shape ceramics into intricate structures, owing to ceramics’ inherent brittleness nature. Facing this problem, this investigation aims at filling the gap between 4D printing and fabrication of complex ceramic structures. Inspired by swelling-and-shrinking-induced self-folding, a 4D printing method is innovated to add an additional shape change of ceramic structures by controlling ZrO2 contents and patterns. Experimental results evidenced that by deliberately controlling ZrO2 contents and patterns, 3D-printed ceramic parts would undergo bending and twisting during the sintering process. To demonstrate the capabilities of this method, more complex structures (such as a flower-like structure) were fabricated. In addition, functional parts with magnetic behaviors were 4D-printed by incorporating iron into the PDMS-ZrO2 ink.

scholarly journals 3D printing in neurosurgery education: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace M. Thiong’o ◽  
Mark Bernstein ◽  
James M. Drake
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Skull Defects ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dissection Techniques ◽  
Surgery Education ◽  
Neurosurgical Education

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this manuscript were to review the literature concerning 3D printing of brain and cranial vault pathology and use these data to define the gaps in global utilization of 3D printing technology for neurosurgical education. Methods Using specified criteria, literature searching was conducted to identify publications describing engineered neurosurgical simulators. Included in the study were manuscripts highlighting designs validated for neurosurgical skill transfer. Purely anatomical designs, lacking aspects of surgical simulation, were excluded. Eligible manuscripts were analyzed. Data on the types of simulators, representing the various modelled neurosurgical pathologies, were recorded. Authors’ countries of affiliation were also recorded. Results A total of thirty-six articles, representing ten countries in five continents were identified. Geographically, Africa as a continent was not represented in any of the publications. The simulation-modelling encompassed a variety of neurosurgical subspecialties including: vascular, skull base, ventriculoscopy / ventriculostomy, craniosynostosis, skull lesions / skull defects, intrinsic brain tumor and other. Finally, the vascular and skull base categories together accounted for over half (52.8 %) of the 3D printed simulated neurosurgical pathology. Conclusions Despite the growing body of literature supporting 3D printing in neurosurgical education, its full potential has not been maximized. Unexplored areas of 3D printing for neurosurgical simulation include models simulating the resection of intrinsic brain tumors or of epilepsy surgery lesions, as these require complex models to accurately simulate fine dissection techniques. 3D printed surgical phantoms offer an avenue for the advancement of global-surgery education initiatives.

scholarly journals Beyond the Ecology of Concrete Sausages

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Zivkovic ◽  
◽  
Leslie Lok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
3D Printed

With the advancement of full scale 3d printing technology, industrialized building construction is rapidly moving towards a highly process-idiosyncratic and expressionist architecture of material sausages. Drawing connections between local vernacular (ancient modern) earth construction techniques and automated additive manufacturing strategies, this paper explores the potential for 3d printed architecture across the Americas, dissecting the technology’s ecological advantages and architectural possibilities in the process.

scholarly journals Using 3D Printing for Pre-planning of Orthopedic Surgeries, a Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Mosleh ◽  
Shahab Aldin Nazeri ◽  
Mehdi Mehdizadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Moradi ◽  
Hoda Mosleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preoperative Plan ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Near Future

Background: Recent developments in 3D printing have gave orthopedic surgeons among a novel technology that has the ability to revolutionize preoperative planning. The appearance of 3D printing technology (3DPT) enables the digital preoperative plan & simulation to move from the virtual phase to the reality phase. Numerous fields of medicine are lately benefiting from the operate of 3D printing, including the arising part of 3D printing in orthopedic surgery. Methods: We searched on PubMed and Google Scholar databases in January 2020 to find papers and studies about using 3D printing in orthopedy for aim of preplanning. The key words for search were (“3D printing” OR “3D-printed Model” OR “three-dimensional Printer”) AND (“Orthopedy” OR “Orthopedics” OR “Orthopedics”) AND (“Surgery” OR “Operation”) AND (“Pre-planning” OR “Plan”) AND (“Fracture” OR “Trauma”) that we used compound. We exclude the papers which their titles or abstracts were not relevant. At last, we select the most related papers to use in this article. Results: The search on PubMed found 80 Papers and on Google Scholar found 104 papers. After excluding similar and unrelated papers, 44 papers were selected for this review article. Conclusion: Almost all studies have shown us that using a 3D model can have a very positive effect on the surgical process and its outcomes, as well as patient and surgeon satisfaction. Therefore, we anticipate that this technology will be used in many orthopedic surgeries in the near future.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Biodigital Clay Bricks

Biomimetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yomna K. Abdallah ◽  
Alberto T. Estévez
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The One ◽  
Formal Design

Construction materials and techniques have witnessed major advancements due to the application of digital tools in the design and fabrication processes, leading to a wide array of possibilities, especially in additive digital manufacturing tools and 3D printing techniques, scales, and materials. However, possibilities carry responsibilities with them and raise the question of the sustainability of 3D printing applications in the built environment in terms of material consumption and construction processes: how should one use digital design and 3D printing to achieve minimum material use, minimum production processes, and optimized application in the built environment? In this work, we propose an optimized formal design of “Biodigital Barcelona Clay Bricks” to achieve sustainability in the use of materials. These were achieved by using a bottom-up methodology of biolearning to extract the formal grammar of the bricks that is suitable for their various applications in the built environment as building units, thereby realizing the concept of formal physiology, as well as employing the concept of fractality or pixilation by using 3D printing to create the bricks as building units on an architectural scale. This enables the adoption of this method as an alternative construction procedure instead of conventional clay brick and full-scale 3D printing of architecture on a wider and more democratic scale, avoiding the high costs of 3D printing machines and lengthy processes of the one-step, 3D-printed, full-scale architecture, while also guaranteeing minimum material consumption and maximum forma–function coherency. The “Biodigital Barcelona Clay Bricks” were developed using Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper 3D + Plugins (Anemone and Kangaroo) and were 3D printed in clay.

Biodegradable 3D Printed Polymer Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Danielle R. Berry ◽  
John C. Reagan ◽  
Ronald A. Smaldone ◽  
Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
Mechanical Strengths

Biodegradable polymer microneedle (MN) arrays are an emerging class of transdermal drug delivery devices that promise a painless and sanitary alternative to syringes; however, prototyping bespoke needle architectures is expensive and requires production of new master templates. Here, we present a new microfabrication technique for MNs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing using polylactic acid, an FDA approved, renewable, biodegradable, thermoplastic material. We show how this natural degradability can be exploited to overcome a key challenge of FDM 3D printing, in particular the low resolution of these printers. We improved the feature size of the printed parts significantly by developing a post fabrication chemical etching protocol, which allowed us to access tip sizes as small as 1 μm. With 3D modeling software, various MN shapes were designed and printed rapidly with custom needle density, length, and shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that our method resulted in needle tip sizes in the range of 1 – 55 µm, which could successfully penetrate and break off into porcine skin. We have also shown that these MNs have comparable mechanical strengths to currently fabricated MNs and we further demonstrated how the swellability of PLA can be exploited to load small molecule drugs and how its degradability in skin can release those small molecules over time.

Biomimetic Design of 3D Printed Tissue-engineered bone Constructs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Yunzhe Li ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Qian ma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Biomimetic Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract:: Surgery to repair damaged tissue, which is caused by disease or trauma, is being carried out all the time, and a desirable treatment is compelling need to regenerate damaged tissues to further improve the quality of human health. Therefore, more and more research focus on exploring the most suitable bionic design to enrich available treatment methods. 3D-printing, as an advanced materials processing approach, holds promising potential to create prototypes with complex constructs that could reproduce primitive tissues and organs as much as possible or provide appropriate cell-material interfaces. In a sense, 3D printing promises to bridge between tissue engineering and bionic design, which can provide an unprecedented personalized recapitulation with biomimetic function under the precise control of the composition and spatial distribution of cells and biomaterials. This article describes recent progress in 3D bionic design and the potential application prospect of 3D printing regenerative medicine including 3D printing biomimetic scaffolds and 3D cell printing in tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Design of a 3D-printed hand prosthesis featuring articulated bio-inspired fingers

2020 ◽  
pp. 095441192098088
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastian Cuellar ◽  
Dick Plettenburg ◽  
Amir A Zadpoor ◽  
Paul Breedveld ◽  
Gerwin Smit
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Prosthetic Hand ◽  
Hand Prosthesis ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Pinch Force ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Energy Dissipated ◽  
Dual Material

Various upper-limb prostheses have been designed for 3D printing but only a few of them are based on bio-inspired design principles and many anatomical details are not typically incorporated even though 3D printing offers advantages that facilitate the application of such design principles. We therefore aimed to apply a bio-inspired approach to the design and fabrication of articulated fingers for a new type of 3D printed hand prosthesis that is body-powered and complies with basic user requirements. We first studied the biological structure of human fingers and their movement control mechanisms in order to devise the transmission and actuation system. A number of working principles were established and various simplifications were made to fabricate the hand prosthesis using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer with dual material extrusion. We then evaluated the mechanical performance of the prosthetic device by measuring its ability to exert pinch forces and the energy dissipated during each operational cycle. We fabricated our prototypes using three polymeric materials including PLA, TPU, and Nylon. The total weight of the prosthesis was 92 g with a total material cost of 12 US dollars. The energy dissipated during each cycle was 0.380 Nm with a pinch force of ≈16 N corresponding to an input force of 100 N. The hand is actuated by a conventional pulling cable used in BP prostheses. It is connected to a shoulder strap at one end and to the coupling of the whiffle tree mechanism at the other end. The whiffle tree mechanism distributes the force to the four tendons, which bend all fingers simultaneously when pulled. The design described in this manuscript demonstrates several bio-inspired design features and is capable of performing different grasping patterns due to the adaptive grasping provided by the articulated fingers. The pinch force obtained is superior to other fully 3D printed body-powered hand prostheses, but still below that of conventional body powered hand prostheses. We present a 3D printed bio-inspired prosthetic hand that is body-powered and includes all of the following characteristics: adaptive grasping, articulated fingers, and minimized post-printing assembly. Additionally, the low cost and low weight make this prosthetic hand a worthy option mainly in locations where state-of-the-art prosthetic workshops are absent.

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