scholarly journals Preparation of a Zirconia-Based Ceramic Membrane and Its Application for Drinking Water Treatment

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Mohamed Boussemghoune ◽  
Mustapha Chikhi ◽  
Fouzia Balaska ◽  
Yasin Ozay ◽  
Nadir Dizge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ceramic Membrane ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Total Coliforms

This work concerns the preparation of a mineral membrane by the slip casting method based on zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and kaolin. The membrane support is produced from a mixture of clay (kaolin) and calcium carbonate (calcite) powders using heat treatment (sintering). Membrane and support characterization were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Raman Spectroscopy. The prepared mineral membrane was tested to treat drinking water obtained from different zones of the El Athmania (Algeria) water station (raw, coagulated, decanted, and bio filtered water). Experimental parameters such as permeate flux, turbidity, and total coliforms were monitored. The results showed that the mineral membrane was mainly composed of SiO2 and Al2O3 and the outer surface, which represented the membrane support, was much more porous than the inner surface where the membrane was deposited. The permeate flux of the raw water decreased with filtration time, due to a rejection of the organic matters contained in the raw water. Moreover, the absence of total coliforms in the filtrate and the increase in concentration in the concentrate indicate that the prepared mineral membrane can be used for drinking water treatment.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF THE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESS OF A SUGAR PLANT STATION IN COTE DIVOIRE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 512-524
Author(s):  
Konan Lopez Kouame ◽  
◽  
Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo ◽  
Andre Kone Ariban ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

This article presents an optimization of the drinking water treatment process at the SUCRIVOIRE treatment station. The objective is to optimize the coagulation and flocculation process (fundamental process of the treatment of said plant)by determining the optimal dosages of the products injected and then proposes a program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant in order to automatically determine the optimal dose of the latter according to the raw water quality. This contribution has the advantage of saving the user from any calculations the latter simply enters the characteristics of the raw effluent using the physical interface of the program in order to obtain the optimum corresponding coagulant concentration. For the determination of the optimal coagulant doses, we performed Jar-Test flocculation tests in the laboratory over a period of three months. The results made it possible to set up a polynomial regression model of the optimal dose of alumina sulfate as a function of the raw water parameters. A program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant was carried out on Visual Basic. The optimal doses of coagulant obtained vary from 25, 35, 40 and 45 mg/l depending on the characteristics of the raw effluent. The model obtained is: . Finally, verification tests were carried out using this model on the process. The results obtained meet the WHO drinkability standards for all parameters for a settling time of two hours.

scholarly journals Simulation of NOM events in pilot plant evaluation of DAF/Ozone/BAC for drinking water treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1793-1800
Author(s):  
Y. Yan ◽  
M. Carter ◽  
A. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Humic Materials ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Brewing Method ◽  
Plant Evaluation

Abstract Pilot plant testing is invaluable for ascertaining the robustness of water treatment processes against raw water quality events such as turbidity and colour spikes, whether it be for stress testing of an existing process or designing of a new process. Unfortunately, the natural occurrence of such events (particularly colour) can be difficult to predict and commercial humic materials generally fail to closely match the indigenous natural organic matter (NOM) present in the raw water. Therefore, it is highly desirable to be able to simulate NOM event conditions. This paper describes a simple brewing method that we developed and used in our recent pilot plant evaluation of a proposed DAF/Ozone/BAC process for drinking water treatment. Using this method we successfully prepared, by using fallen leaves etc. collected from the local catchment area, large quantities of a concentrated NOM stock solution with its specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), when diluted, very close to the median SUVA of historical NOM events. The brewed solution showed broadly similar NOM characteristics to those of the raw water encountered during the pilot investigation period in terms of molecular weight distribution and fractionation. The coagulation behaviour was also examined for the spiked and non-spiked raw water.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KUALITAS AIR BAKU DENGAN PROSES BIOFILTER TERCELUP MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA STRUKTUR SARANG TAWON

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
High Organic Matter

Contamination of rivers has reached an alarming level, especially in the rivers passing through major cities, agricultural areas and industrial areas. Among the contaminants that often appear dominant and very disturbing is the organic substance. The existence of high organic matter within the river water is often expressed in permanganate number that has passed the quality standard. River that contain high organic matter usually the water smell and the color is black, besides it can also cause disturbances in the water treatment process, which is an increasing use of coagulants, chlorine, activated carbon, and the emergence of substances that are not desired, and the quality of treatment results are unsatisfactory. Many ways to reduce the organic matter in river water, one of them is by using the biofilter honeycomb structure. The target of the reduction of organic substances is that the river water could be used as a raw drinking water quality standards or meet the category B, Regulation of Jakarta Governor Number 582, 1995. Raw water used for this study were taken from Krukut River which is the raw water for Regional Water Company PALYJA, Production Installation III Cilandak, South Jakarta and Cengkareng Drain river water, which is currently used as a source of raw water for PAM Taman Kota, West Jakarta using a biofilter reactor aerobic system, the capacity of 50 - 200 m3, Capasity of Blowers 300 l /min, Residence Time 6 hours up to 1 hour. Test results on the residence time of 1 hour, parameters pH, TSS, turbidity, organic substances, detergents, manganese, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, can meet the standard, except for iron which still exceeds the standard. To improve the removal  efficiency of organic matter and iron, at the beginning of processing before entering into the drinking water treatment unit need to be added powder active carbon and an oxidizing agent with a sufficient dose. Keywords: Organic substances, biofilter, aerobic, honeycomb plastic media.

scholarly journals KANDUNGAN KIMIA DARI LIMBAH LUMPUR INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM UNTUK BETON GEOPOLIMER DENGAN XRF

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Nuryanti Nuryanti ◽  
Ridha Arizal ◽  
Dian Arrisujaya
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Geopolymer Concrete ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

Chemical Containt of Waste Water Installation of Drinking Water Treatment for Geopolymer Concrete by XRF Preparation of geopolymer concrete from waste water installation of drinking water treatment (WIDWT) was manufactured in accordance with SNI. Specimen of size 5 x 5 x 5 cm cubes was used for the concretes. The mortar material consisted of binders, activator, aggregate (fine sand) and water (60% of aggregate and 40% of activators and binders). The composition of the activator and binder mixture were 1: 2; 1: 1,5; 1: 1; 1.5: 1; and 2: 1. The results of the comparison of binders A and B were 4.2: 1 and 6.5: 1. The binders were divided into 2 types: A binder (sludge of WIDWT was dried with oven at 105oC for 24 hours) and B Binder (sludge of WIDWT was dried by kiln at 650oC for 6 hours). The highest compressive strength test was 10.00 MPa on binder A with the ratio of activator and binder 1: 1 and Si: Al ratio (4.2: 1). Binder B with a compressive strength of 9.87 MPa with the ratio of activator and binder 1.5: 1 and Si: Al ratio (6.5: 1). Samples of IPAM sludge waste were tested by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), compressive strength testing of mortar geopolymer with Toni-Technik compressive strength test. The highest value of compressive strength appropriated to SNI 03-0691-1996 in class D which can be applied for City Park.Keywords: geopolymer, WIDWT, XRF, activator, binder ABSTRAK Pembuatan beton geopolimer dari limbah instalasi pengolahan air minum (IPAM) telah dilakukan. Beton geopolimer dibuat sesuai dengan SNI pembuatan mortar geopolimer dengan ukuran 5 x 5 x 5 cm. Bahan mortar terdiri dari binder, larutan aktivator dan agregat (pasir halus) serta air dengan perbandingan 60% (agregat) dan 40%(aktivator dan binder). Parameter variasi campuran aktivator dan binder yaitu 1:2; 1:1,5; 1:1; 1,5:1; dan 2:1. Binder dibagi menjadi 2 jenis yaitu Binder A (lumpur IPAM yang dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu 105oC selama 24 jam) dan Binder B (lumpur IPAM yang dikeringkan dengan tanur pada suhu 650oC selama 6 jam). Hasil perbandingan binder A dan B adalah 4,2:1 dan 6,5:1. Hasil uji kuat tekan tertinggi sebesar 10,00 Mpa pada binder A dengan perbandingan aktivator dan binder 1:1 dengan perbandingan Si:Al (4,2:1). Binder B dengan kuat tekan 9,87 Mpa dengan perbandingan aktivator dan binder 1,5:1 dengan perbandingan Si:Al (6,5:1). Sampel limbah lumpur IPAM diuji dengan X-Ray Flourescene (XRF), pengujian kuat tekan mortar geopolimer dengan alat uji kuat tekan merk Toni-Technik. Nilai kuat tekan tertinggi memasuki persyaratan mutu SNI 03-0691-1996 pada kelas D yang bisa diaplikasikan untuk taman kota.Kata Kunci: geopolimer, IPAM, XRF, aktivator, binder

scholarly journals Application of Coagulation–Membrane Rotation to Improve Ultrafiltration Performance in Drinking Water Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Hongjian Yu ◽  
Weipeng Huang ◽  
Huachen Liu ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
Nianping Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Cake Layer ◽  
The Impact

The combination of conventional and advanced water treatment is now widely used in drinking water treatment. However, membrane fouling is still the main obstacle to extend its application. In this study, the impact of the combination of coagulation and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane rotation on both fouling control and organic removal of macro (sodium alginate, SA) and micro organic matters (tannic acid, TA) was studied comprehensively to evaluate its applicability in drinking water treatment. The results indicated that membrane rotation could generate shear stress and vortex, thus effectively reducing membrane fouling of both SA and TA solutions, especially for macro SA organics. With additional coagulation, the membrane fouling could be further reduced through the aggregation of mediate and macro organic substances into flocs and elimination by membrane retention. For example, with the membrane rotation speed of 60 r/min, the permeate flux increased by 90% and the organic removal by 35% in SA solution, with 40 mg/L coagulant dosage, with an additional 70% increase of flux and 5% increment of organic removal to 80% obtained. However, too much shear stress could intensify the potential of fiber breakage at the potting, destroying the flocs and resulting in the reduction of permeate flux and deterioration of effluent quality. Finally, the combination of coagulation and membrane rotation would lead to the shaking of the cake layer, which is beneficial for fouling mitigation and prolongation of membrane filtration lifetime. This study provides useful information on applying the combined process of conventional coagulation and the hydrodynamic shear force for drinking water treatment, which can be further explored in the future.

scholarly journals Characterization of microbial regrowth potential shaped by advanced drinking water treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuro Kasuga ◽  
Hitomi Nakamura ◽  
Futoshi Kurisu ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Microbial Regrowth ◽  
Treatment Step

Abstract Microbial regrowth in premise plumbing is a threat to water safety. Disinfectant residuals are often diminished during water transportation and stagnation, leading to the regrowth of opportunistic pathogens. Although microbial regrowth potential is mostly determined by water treatment, little is known about how each treatment step affects two key factors that contribute to microbial regrowth potential: biodegradable organic matter and microbial abundance. In this study, we operated annular reactors to evaluate the microbial regrowth potential of water shaped after each treatment step in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant with ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration. The assimilable organic carbon and total cell count (TCC) were stable at all treatment steps during the sampling period from July to October 2015. The assimilable organic carbon consumption and TCC net increase in the annular reactors indicated that apparent growth yields (cell number base) of microbial communities were different in each reactor. Regrowth potential evaluated by indigenous microbial community in finished water was reduced to 22% of that in raw water, while 75% of assimilable organic carbon in raw water remained in finished water. It suggested that treatment performance evaluated by indigenous microbial communities was better than that evaluated by assimilable organic carbon.

Occurrence of microcystins in raw water sources and treated drinking water of Finnish waterworks

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lahti ◽  
J. Rapala ◽  
A-L. Kivimäki ◽  
J. Kukkonen ◽  
M. Niemelä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Guide Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Problems caused by cyanobacteria are common around the world and also in raw water sources of drinking water treatment plants. Strains belonging to genera Microcystis, Anabaena and Planktothrix produce potent hepatotoxins, the microcystins. Laboratory and pilot scale studies have shown that microcystins dissolved in water may pass the conventional surface water treatment processes. In 1998 the World Health Organization proposed a guide value of 1 μg/L for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking water. The purpose of this research was to study the occurrence of microcystins in raw water sources of surface waterworks and in bank filtration plants and to evaluate the removal of microcystins in operating waterworks. Four bank filtration plants and nine surface waterworks using different processes for water treatment were monitored. Phytoplankton was identified and quantified, and microcystins analysed with sensitive immunoassay. Microcystin occurrence in selected water samples was verified with HPLC and a protein phosphatase inhibition method. Microcystins were detected sporadically in raw water sources of most of the waterworks. In two raw water supplies toxins were detected for several months. The highest microcystin concentrations in incoming raw water were approximately 10 μg/L MC-LR equivalents. In treated drinking water microcystins were detected occasionally but the concentrations were always below the guide value proposed by WHO.

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