scholarly journals The Microalga Chlorella vulgaris as a Natural Bioenergetic System for Effective CO2 Mitigation—New Perspectives against Global Warming

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 997
Author(s):  
Fanourios Mountourakis ◽  
Aikaterini Papazi ◽  
Kiriakos Kotzabasis
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Light Intensities

In the present contribution, the differentiation in the molecular structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus of the unicellular green alga Chlorella vulgaris was studied at several light intensities (0–400 μmol m−2 s−1) and various CO2 concentrations (0.04–60% CO2), in completely autotrophic conditions. Asymmetries that occur by different light intensities and CO2 concentrations induce metabolic and functional changes. Using chlorophyll fluorescence induction techniques (OJIP test), we showed that Chlorella vulgaris tolerates extremely high CO2 levels and converts them photosynthetically into valuable products, including O2 and biomass rich in carbohydrates and lipids. Interestingly, the microalga Chlorella vulgaris under extremely high CO2 concentrations induces a new metabolic state intensifying its photosynthetic activity. This leads to a new functional symmetry. The results highlight a potent CO2 bio-fixation mechanism of Chlorella vulgaris that captures up to 288 L CO2 L PCV−1 day−1 under optimal conditions, therefore, this microalga can be used for direct biological CO2-reducing strategies and other green biotechnological applications. All of the above suggest that Chlorella vulgaris is one of the most prominent competitors for a closed algae-powered bioreactor that is able to consume huge amounts of CO2. Thus, it is a sustainable and natural bioenergetic system with perspectives in dealing with major environmental issues such as global warming. In addition, Chlorella vulgaris cultures could also be used as bioregeneration systems in extraterrestrial missions for continuous atmospheric recycling of the human settlements, paving the way for astrobiological applications.

Fluorescence as a tool in photosynthesis research: application in studies of photoinhibition, cold acclimation and freezing stress

1989 ◽  
Vol 323 (1216) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
High Light ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Freezing And Thawing

Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (at 20 °C and 77 K) and quenching were analysed in relation to effects of environmental stresses imposed by chilling in high light and by freezing and thawing of spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. The data indicate that cold acclimation of spinach plants, which leads to increased frost tolerance of the leaves, results in decreased susceptibility to photoinhibition of photosynthesis at chilling temperatures. When plants acclimated to 18 °C and 260-300 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 were exposed to higher light (550 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 ) at 4 °C, they developed strong photoinhibition, as characterized by decreased quantum yield of O 2 evolution and decreased ratio of variable: maximum fluorescence (F V /F M ) of photosystem II. The decrease in F V /F M resulted from a decline in F V and an increase in F 0 . The F V /F M ratio was lowered to a significantly greater extent when induction was recorded at 20 °C, as compared with 77 K. The effects related to photoinhibition were fully reversible at 18 °C in dim light. Plants that had been cold-acclimated for 10 days exhibited slightly decreased quantum yield and lowered F V /F M ratio. However, they did not show further photoinhibition on exposure to 550 µmol quanta m -2 s -1 at 4 °C. The reversible photoinhibition is discussed as a protective pathway serving for thermal dissipation of excessive light energy. It is hypothesized that such a mechanism prevents destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus, until other means of protection become effective during long-term acclimation to high light. Inhibition of photosynthetic carbon assimilation caused by freezing and thawing of leaves in the dark was closely correlated with inhibition of photochemical fluorescence quenching (q Q ). As a sensitive response of the thylakoid membranes to freezing stress, the energy-dependent quenching, q E , was inhibited. Only more severe impact of freezing caused a significant decline in the F V /F M ratio. It is concluded that measurements of fluorescence induction signals ( F V /F M ratios) provide a sensitive tool with which to investigate photoinhibition, whereas freezing damage to the photosynthetic system can be detected more readily by the quenching coefficients q Q and q E than by F V /F M ratios.

scholarly journals The effect of drought on the photosynthetic apparatus condition in some Ficus Carica cultivars

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
T. B. Gubanova ◽  
R. A. Pilkevich ◽  
A. A. Kharchenko ◽  
I. V. Bernatsky
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Water Holding

The results of field and laboratory studies of drought tolerance in some Ficus carica cultivars of various origins are presented. It has been found out that under the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea, the cultivar Sabrutsiya Rozovaya is characterized by high drought tolerance. Low resistance to dehydration was noted in the cultivars Vladimirska Krupna, Pomoriyskiy 6, Franziana Biella. It was revealed that in August, a decrease in water holding capacity occurs in all the studied cultivars. Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction (CFI) method, an integrated assessment of the photosynthetic apparatus in the leaves of Ficus carica cultivars under conditions of simulated wilting is given. It has been demonstrated that drought is the cause of decrease in the photosynthesis light phase efficiency, the part of chlorophyll involved in the transfer of energy from light harvesting antenna complexes to reaction centers and the enhancement of non-photochemical photo quenching. A resumption of photosynthetic activity was observed with the normalization of leaf water supply in the resistant cultivar Sabrutsiya Rozovaya and the medium-resistant cultivar Iyulskiy. In the cultivars characterized with low drought tolerance, Vladimirska Krupna, Pomoriyskiy 6 and Ranniy iz Sozopol, the resumption of the water content in leaves was followed by a decrease in the variable fluorescence and photochemical activity of PS 2, which indicates further stress development in these cultivars and high sensitivity of their photosynthetic apparatus to dehydration. During the fruit ripening, on the background of water holding capacity decrease, water deficit in leaf tissues within 20-25% results in irreversible disturbances in the photosynthetic apparatus activity in Ficus carica cultivars that is proved by a decrease in the viability index below the vitality norm and may adversely affect the preparation of plants for transition to a state of rest.

scholarly journals Impact of negative temperatures on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus of evergreen species of Osmanthus Lour. genus

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
T. B. Gubanova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Decay ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
The State ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The results of studies of photosynthetic processes in annual leaves of two species of the genus Osmanthus - Osmanthus x fortunei and O. fragrans in the cold period on the Southern coast of the Crimea and under the controlled action of negative temperatures are presented. It is shown that the main parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) in annual leaves of O. x fortunei was relatively more stable during the winter months compared to O. fragrans . The effect of temperature -8,0°C for 8 hours on the leaves of the species in O. fragrans caused a decrease in the fluorescence decay coefficient to the lower limit of the norm of vitality and a significant increase in the processes of thermal dissociation of light energy. It is established that the temperature is -10°C is critical for the leaves of O. fragrans , which indicates its lower frost resistance. Changes in the state of PSII depend on both the duration and intensity of low-temperature exposure. It was found that for the more resistant species of O. x fortunei a relatively long-term effect of -10,0°C and a short one of -8,0°C temperature have a similar effect on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus, which is probably due to the activation of protective mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Cameraria ohridella feeding on Aesculus hippocastanum photosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-352
Author(s):  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
O. V. Seliutina ◽  
I. A. Ivanko ◽  
A. A. Alexeyeva ◽  
M. V. Shulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
The State ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Aesculus Hippocastanum ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Feeding Effect

The complex of invasive species of phytophagous insects that can adapt to novel living conditions is constantly increasing. The ecological effect of their vital activity in the new environment is almost impossible to predict. As a result, invasions undesirable in the economic sense are often observed. The horse -chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986, Gracillariidae) is one of these problematic invader species in the introduced range of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum (Linnaeus, 1753), Sapindaceae). We studied the effect of C. ohridella on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in Ae. hippocastanum leaves. Photosynthesis is the one of the processes most vulnerable to stress factors, so information about the state of photosynthetic apparatus in a plant under the influence of phytophage feeding obtained with fluorescence analysis can be significant. The feeding effect of C. ohridella caterpillars on the functional state and activity of Ae. hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus was studied. We studied critical parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction reflecting the effect of a single C. ohridella generation (feeding the caterpillar for the five stages of this species’ development) on the functional links of the photosystem II in Ae. hippocastanum leaves. The data obtained show a decrease in PS II quantum efficiency (inhibition of photosynthetic activity) in the leaves from different parts of the crown; it suggests the destructive effect of C. ohridella caterpillar feeding on Ae. hippocastanum photosynthetic apparatus. Values of all key parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence indication evidence inhibition of photophysical and photochemical processes of photosynthesis and impaired coherence of Calvin cycle reactions. Study of the feeding effect of C. ohridella caterpillars on the efficiency of the main enzyme in the Calvin cycle (which closely correlates with the coefficient of fluorescence induction that characterizes the efficiency of dark photosynthetic processes) showed a significant decrease in its activity in the leaves of both the illuminated and shaded parts of the crown. Our study has shown that the method of chlorophyll fluorescence induction allows one to determine the general state of a plant in an express regime by evaluating the main process of plant life as photosynthesis. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters is a powerful and effective tool for determining the effect of phytophages on the plant body. The obtained data allow us to apply the method of analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence induction in practice to establish the physiological state of tree flora in forests and garden farms.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical parameters of apricot varieties characterized by various drought resistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
I. N. Paliy ◽  
T. B. Gubanova ◽  
A. E. Paliy
Keyword(s):  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase Activity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Age Related

The aim of the presented work was to identify the peculiarities of the photosynthetic apparatus, the activity of redox enzymes and proline content in apricot varieties with different drought tolerance. Four apricot varieties such as Kazachok, Nagycorosi Orias, Khurmai and Krymsky Amur were used as objects of the studies. To determine the effect of drought on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus, a series of experiments was carried out to analyze chlorophyll fluorescence induction (ChFI) parameters, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity and proline content in apricot leaves. It was found out that in summer 2018, when the amount of precipitation exceeded the climatic norm, during the period of the maximum drought probability, catalase activity decreased, polyphenol oxidase activity increased or was unchanged and the proline content did not change significantly. Extremely arid conditions in summer 2019 resulted in peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activation and a decrease in the proline concentration in all the studied apricot varieties. However, the drought tolerant variety Nagycorosi Orias was characterized by the most stable indexes of peroxidase activity during the entire experiment. A decrease in the leaf tissue hydration was the reason for the increase in the base fluorescence and the decrease in the correlation index of the rate constants of photochemical and nonphotochemical deactivation of excitation in PS 2. In the drought tolerant varieties Nagycorosi Orias and Kazachok changes in the ChFI parameters were reversible. It has been demonstrated that disturbances during primary photosynthetic processes were most pronounced during the restoration of turgidity. It was revealed that the most sensitive parameters of ChFI in apricot are the characteristics of the fast phase. A decrease in reparative abilities in the midsummer was probably associated with age-related changes in leaves and fruit load.

scholarly journals Field Study of the Effects of Two Different Environmental Conditions on Wheat Productivity and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction (OJIP) Parameters

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Selma Mlinaric ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunic ◽  
Zorana Katanic
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blight Disease

Wheat is one of the main cereal crops for ensuring food supply. Thus, increasing grain yield is a major target for plant breeders, where insights into wheat productivity can be gained by studying the activity of the components of photosynthetic apparatus. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomical performance of three winter wheat varieties and test photosynthetic efficiency over two different locations. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to evaluate the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (TR0/ABS) and performance index on absorption basis (PIabs) of flag leaves and glumes of heads at the flowering stage until the mid-senescence stage. The grain yield of all varieties on average was significantly higher at Osijek compared to Tovarnik. Variety Tika Taka exhibited the highest yield reduction (27.1%) at Tovarnik compared to Osijek, followed by El Nino (20.5%) and Vulkan (18.7%), respectively. A higher amount of precipitation in June at Tovarnik provoked higher Fusarium head blight disease intensity, which could be seen as the bleaching of plant heads at the plots and resulted in an earlier decrease in photosynthetic activity. Therefore, earlier senescence and contracted grain fill duration could occur.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sugar Beet Broadleaf Herbicides on Fluorescence Induction Curves in Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Portulaca oleracea L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar CHITBAND ◽  
Reza GHORBANI ◽  
Mohammad Hassan RASHED MOHASSEL ◽  
Mahbubeh NABIZADE
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Kautsky Curve

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a simple and rapid method for detecting herbicide effects after a short time following their application in photosynthetic apparatus in plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were carried out against two broad of weeds to describe how the Kautsky curve and its parameters were affected by herbicides. Desmedipham + phenmedipham + ethofumesate changed the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve at all time intervals except four hours after spring (HAS) in Amaranthus retroflexus L. and at all doses of Portulaca oleracea L. 4 HAS. In contrast, chlorophyll fluorescence inhibition was evident by chloridazon at doses of 650 and 325 g a.i. ha-1 in P. oleracea and A. retroflexus respectively, for all time intervals. Furthermore, chlorophyll fluorescence decays only occurred by clopyralid in A. retroflexus at the highest dose. A biomass effective dose (ED50 and/or ED90) based on log-logistic dose-response curves for A. retroflexus were considerably higher than that of P. oleracea. The maximum quantum efficiency (FV/Fm) was stable, whereas the relative changes at the J step (Fvj) and area (the area between the Kautsky curve and the maximum fluorescence (Fm)) was more sensitive to all three herbicides. There was a relatively good correlation between fluorescence parameters taken 24 hours after the spraying and the dry matter taken three weeks later, for both species under study.

Formation of the gooseberry (Grossularia uva-crispa (L.) Mill.) plants productivity depending on the photosynthetic apparatus functional state

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
O.T. Lagutenko ◽  
◽  
V.A. Kryvoshapka ◽  
V.V. Grysha ◽  
O.F. Denysiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Level Indicator

The authors present the results of determining the functional state of the four gooseberry cultivars (Izumrud, Bezshypnyi, Neslukhivskyi and Krasen) plants leaves indices dynamics during the vegetation period applying the chlorophyll fluorescence induction and establishment of the correlations between the photosynthesis intensity and primary crop. Researched cvs differ concerning the genetic origin, usage, are characterized with different ripening rates, resistance to diseases and negative environmental factors. The laboratory study of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction change in the leaves was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Microbiology of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS of Ukraine using the portable fluorometer "Floratest". The data of the investigation prove that the plants of the varieties Neslukhivskyi and Izumrud have higher photosynthetic potential and are more adaptive to the negative environmental conditions. The high primary fluorescence intensity level as well as higher indexes of the maximum fluorescence and stationary level indicate greater energy losses when it migrates to the reactionary centres. This means that the pigment complex includes more chlorophyll molecules which are not connected with the reactionary centres and do not take part in the charge division. These indices indicate the high potential productivity of the plants of the cultivars Neslukhivskyi and Izumrud that reflect themselves on the Kautsky induction curve. Suppose, those cvs can be potential source of the higher photosynthetic apparatus productivity. Under the similar soil and climatic conditions the Neslukhivskyi plants prove to be more productive as compared to the rest of the studied varieties. The correlation analysis has proved that the productivity of the explored cultivars is effected most considerably by the fluorescence background level indicator and coefficient of correlation between the rising and variable fluorescence. The photosynthetic activity determines the biological productivity and shows the crop potential abilities as regards the harvest formation, therefore the correlation between the leaves chlorophyll fluorescence induction indices and gooseberry yield which we have revealed enables to recommend ‘Izumrud’ and ‘Neslukhivskyi’ for the wide use in the industrial small fruit growing.

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