scholarly journals Acute Cd Toxicity, Metal Accumulation, and Ion Loss in Southern Catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen)

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Wenming Liu ◽  
Hanxun Qiu ◽  
Yulian Yan ◽  
Xiaojun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Silurus Meridionalis ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Dead Fish ◽  
Silurus Meridionalis Chen ◽  
Cd Exposure

The amounts of cadmium in multiple organs and the amounts of Na+ and Ca2+ in the carcass were measured in dead and surviving southern catfish exposed to different concentrations of Cd. The 96 h median lethal concentration was 6.85 mg/L. The Cd content and Cd accumulation rate were positively correlated with Cd exposure concentrations, and there were significant differences between dead and surviving individuals, indicating that both Cd content in tissues and Cd accumulation rates were correlated with mortality. Cd levels in the liver of dead fish were saturated. A lethal threshold for Cd concentration in the whole fish was obtained. Bioconcentration factors for Cd did not decrease with increasing exposure. Acute exposure to waterborne Cd caused a significant decrease in the ion content of the fish carcass. There was a significant difference between the Na+ content of the carcass of dead fish (34.54 μmol/g wet weight) and surviving fish (59.34 μmol/g wet weight), which was not the case with the Ca2+ content, indicating that the lethal toxicity of Cd was probably related to the decrease in Na+ content. Collectively, these results suggest that whole-fish Cd concentration and carcass Na+ content can be useful indicators of fish acutely exposed to Cd.

scholarly journals Potential Risk of Consuming Vegetables Planted in Soil with Lead and Cadmium and the Influence on Vegetable Antioxidant Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3761
Author(s):  
Wen-Lii Huang ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Shu-Fen Cheng ◽  
Huai-Yuan Li ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cd Exposure

Once in soil and water, metals can enter the food chain, and the consumption of contaminated crops can pose a serious risk to human health. This study used pot experiments to evaluate the accumulation of metal elements and their influence on levels of antioxidants in vegetables. The current study clearly demonstrates that metals accumulated in the five vegetables that were planted in the contaminated soils, especially so for water spinach. Cd accumulation of all of the vegetables planted in the contaminated soils was greater Cu. The low accumulation rate that was seen in sweet potato leaf, potato, and tomato indicated their suitability for planting in suspected contaminated soil, such as at farms nearby metal industries, in replacement of high accumulators, such as leafy vegetables. The non-carcinogenic HI of Cd exposure from water spinach and sweet potato were >1, whereas those for Cu were <1. This study suggests that residents may experience health risks due to vegetable consumption, and that children are vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy metal ingestion.

Normal levels of vitamin A in tissues of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) determined colorimetrically

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Robinson ◽  
A. M. Verrinder Gibbins ◽  
M. H. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Cheek Pouch ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

Vitamin A levels in tissues of 20 normal adult hamsters on a standard diet were measured colorimetrically. No significant difference between male and female animals was found for any of the tissues sampled. The mean vitamin A value for blood plasma in 20 animals was 53·4 μg/dl. Mean values for liver, kidneys, flank skin and cheek pouch were 813, 1·29, 1·84 and 1·31 mg/g wet weight, respectively. The vitamin assay was less suitable for small organs such as trachea.

Studies On The Dynamics Of Antithrombin III During Heparin Infusion By Radioimmunoassay

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Urano ◽  
M Nakagawa ◽  
T Kitani ◽  
Y Maeda ◽  
M Watada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heparin Infusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method

A radioimmunoassay method for antithrombin III (ATIII) was developed in order to detect the AT III levels correctly in plasma and tissues and the effect of heparin infusion was investigated on rat using this method and 125I labeled ATIII. Rat AT III was purified from rat defibrinated plasma by heparin sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtrations. This purified AT III was used for the preparation of specific AT III antiserum. Labeling of AT III with 125I was performed according to the method by Hunter and Greenwood. Plasma level of AT III were significantly decreased in the treated group with heparin for 6 hours, although significant difference was not observed in AT III contents in various organs. The behavior of i.v. injected AT III laveled with 125I in the normal control and treated groups proved the difference on the half life of AT III. Control group gave 52 hours and it was shortened in the treated group. The percent radioactivity per ml plasma after 6 hours of heparin infusion was 1.16±0.51, and 2.01±0.38 in the control group, and significant difference was observed (p < 0.05). On the contrary the percent dose radioactivity per g tissue wet weight was significantly increased in the liver, lungs, and large intestine on the heparin treated group. The decreased amount of the intravenously injected laveled AT III appears to be trapped and metabolized in the various organs mainly in the liver during heparin infusion. The decrease of plasma AT III levels on the patients treated with heparin may be explained from these experimental results.

Cadmium effects onIchthyophthirius: evidence for metal-sequestration in fish tissues following administration of recombinant vaccines

Parasitology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. S87-S93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. BISHARYAN ◽  
Q. CHEN ◽  
M. M. HOSSAIN ◽  
A. PAPOYAN ◽  
T. G. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Metal Sequestration ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight

We are developingTetrahymena thermophilaas a delivery system for recombinant vaccines against parasitic protozoa, including the common fish parasite,Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. T. thermophilacell lines expressingI. multifiliisgenes under the control of a cadmium-inducible metallothionein gene promoter conferred strong protection against a lethal parasite challenge when administered parenterally to naïve fish. Nevertheless, given that heavy metals can be toxic to parasites, a question arose as to whether protection resulted from Cd residues carried over with the vaccine, rather than acquired immunityper se. To address this issue, we examined the sensitivity ofI. multifiliisto Cdin vitroand determined Cd concentrations in different host tissues following i.p. injection of juvenile channel catfish with the recombinant vaccine. We found that CdCl2at concentrations [ges ]50 ppb were lethal toI. multifiliistherontsin vitro. Furthermore, Cd concentrations were clearly elevated in fish tissues and reached levels equivalent to 74 ng/g wet weight (74 ppb) in the skin within 14 days of injection with recombinantT. thermophila. Nevertheless, fish injected with non-transformedTetrahymenagrown in the presence or absence of CdCl2showed no significant difference in either relative survival or parasite load following direct challenge withI. multifiliis.

Safety and Efficacy of Alternate Desferrioxamine and Deferiprone Compared to Desferrioxamine Alone in the Treatment of Iron Overload in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3611-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Galanello ◽  
Antonios Kattamis ◽  
Antonio Piga ◽  
Fernando Tricta
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Iron Overload ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Alternate Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight

The safety and efficacy of alternating desferrioxamine and deferiprone for the treatment of iron overload in patients with transfusion-dependent anemias was studied in 60 thalassemia patients regularly treated with desferrioxamine. Patients were randomized to continue desferrioxamine alone (20–60 mg/kg/day, 5–7 days/week) or to alternate desferrioxamine (20–60 mg/kg/day, 2 days/week) with oral deferiprone (25 mg/kg tid, 5 days/week). Both treatment groups were similar for age (19.8 ± 6.1 years for desferrioxamine alone and 18.7 ± 4.8 years for alternate therapy) as was gender distribution and mean standard dose of desferrioxamine at the time of study initiation. Over the following 12 months, all patients were monitored weekly for adverse events and for their white blood cell count. Efficacy of the chelation was evaluated by measurement of the serum ferritin, liver iron concentration (magnetic susceptometry by SQUID), and by Non-Transferrin Bound Iron (NTBI). Compliance was comparable for both arms (96.1 ± 5.0% for alternate therapy vs 95.7 ± 5.7 % for desferrioxamine alone; p=0.7883). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with adverse events in the two therapy groups but the chelation regimens were associated with distinct adverse events. The alternate therapy was associated with transient gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting in 5 patients (17%), abdominal pain in 3 patients (10%), or diarrhea in one patient (3%), or transient increase of serum ALT levels in one patient (3%), occurring mainly in the first weeks of therapy and were mild/moderate in severity. Daily infusions of desferrioxamine were associated with abscess at the site of infusion in one patient (3%), and allergic reactions in another patient (3%). Mean serum ALT levels were not significantly different between the two therapies. There were no episodes of agranulocytosis and only one patient, treated with desferrioxamine alone, experienced milder neutropenia. Both therapies resulted in similar decreases of serum ferritin (−349 ± 573 mg/L for the desferrioxamine arm; −248 ± 791 for the alternate arm; p=0.5802), and of liver iron concentrations (−239 ± 474 μg/g wet weight for the desferrioxamine arm; −65 ± 615 μg/g wet weight for the alternate therapy arm; p=0.2263) by the end of the treatment period. No significant changes in NTBI were observed between the two treatment arms (1.10 ± 7.19 μmol/L for the desferrioxamine arm; −0.03 ± 8.13 μmol/L for the alternate arm; p=0.5775). In conclusion, this 12 month study in transfusion-dependent thalassemia demonstrated that the alternating therapy with deferiprone and desferrioxamine is not associated with a significant increase in the incidence of adverse events and that it has comparable efficacy to desferrioxamine alone in controlling iron overload.

PROGESTERONE, 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE AND 20β-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE IN MOTHER AND CHILD AT BIRTH

1975 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Runnebaum ◽  
I. Stöber ◽  
J. Zander
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Umbilical Arteries

ABSTRACT In 14 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P) and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) were determined by radioimmunoassay both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml blood or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal blood P 56 ± 26, 20α-DHP 16 ± 8; placental tissue P 2514 ± 1516, 20α-DHP 429 ± 412; placental blood P 365 ± 160, 20α-DHP 35 ± 18; blood of the umbilical vein P 388 ± 121, 20α-DHP 33 ± 15; blood of the umbilical arteries P 162 ± 62, 20α-DHP 28 ± 10. In 5 healthy pregnant women at term progesterone (P), 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) and 20β-dihydroprogesterone (20β-DHP) were also determined by gas-liquid chromatography both in the maternal and foetal compartments. The average concentrations were as follows (ng/ml plasma or ng/g wet weight tissue): peripheral maternal plasma P 129 ± 49, 20α-DHP 15 ± 15, 20β-DHP 1.7 ± 0.9; placental tissue P 5060 ± 1435, 20α-DHP 230 ± 158, 20β-DHP 38 ± 30; placental plasma P 723 ± 245, 20α-DHP 24 ± 13, 20β-DHP 1.0 ± 0.1; plasma of the umbilical vein P 704 ± 227, 20α-DHP 17 ± 3, 20β-DHP 1.2 ± 0.3; plasma of the umbilical arteries P 324 ± 94, 20α-DHP 17 ± 5, 20β-DHP 2.6 ± 2.1 These results show that, contrary to the progesterone concentrations, no significant difference exists in the concentrations of 20α-DHP and 20β-DHP between the blood from the umbilical vein and arteries. Furthermore, no significant difference could be found in the concentrations of P and 20α-DHP between the sexes in either the blood from the umbilical vein or from the umbilical arteries.

Study on the Physical and Chemical and Mechanical Pulping Characteristic of Cotton Stalk Fiber

2014 ◽  
Vol 884-885 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Li Xia Li ◽  
Hai Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Test Method ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Correlation Strength ◽  
Block Test ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Composition Changes

Straw resource was tremendous, however it was utilized poorly. So the research of physical, chemical and mechanical pulping properties of cotton stalk fiber laid the foundation for utilization of cotton stalk. Morphology of cotton stalk fiber was determined by Feica microscope, the length, width and length to wide ratio were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Chemical composition changes of cotton stalk fiber after mechanical process were analyzed by applying Block test method with Design-expert 6.0.10.The result present that composition of fiber had significant difference. Hemicellulose decreased by 1.68 %, cellulose decreased by8.85 %, lignin increased by 5.87 %. Beating degree was positively correlated with the pulping time, beating time and wet weight were a negative correlation. Strength of cotton stalk fiber was positively with the gramme, and strength was 8.5 N when gramme was 60 g/m2.

scholarly journals Dissociable Effects of Emotional Stimuli on Perception and Decision-Making for Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri Gladhill ◽  
Giovanna Mioni ◽  
Martin Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Perception ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Bisection Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Negative Face

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that negative emotional faces dilate time perception, however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood. Previous attempts focus on the pacemaker-accumulator model of time perception, which includes a clock, memory, and decision-making stage, wherein emotion affects one of these stages; possibly by increasing pacemaker rate via arousal, increasing accumulation rate via attention, or by biasing decision-making. To further investigate the stage(s) that emotion is affecting time perception we conducted a visual temporal bisection task with sub-second intervals while recording 64-channel electroencephalogram (EEG). To separate the influence of face and timing responses the temporal stimulus was preceded and followed by a face stimulus displaying a neutral or negative expression creating three trial-types: Neg→Neut, Neut→Neg, or Neut→Neut. The data revealed a leftward shift in bisection point (BP) in Neg→Neut and Neut→Neg suggesting an overestimation of time. Neurally, we found the face-responsive N170 component was larger for negative faces and the N1 and contingent negative variation (CNV) were larger when preceded by a negative face. We also found an interaction effect between condition and response for the late positive component of timing (LPCt) and a significant difference between response (short/long) in the neutral condition. We conclude that a preceding negative face affects the clock stage leading to more pulses being accumulated, either through attention or arousal, as indexed by a larger N1, CNV, and N170; whereas viewing the negative face second biased decision-making leading to “short” responses being less likely, as evidenced by the LPCt.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Air Lindi dan Bio Slurry Sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Saimul Laili ◽  
Tintrim Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Weight Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Leachate Water

Leachate water is liquid waste that can arise due to the entry of water in landfills and can dissolve dissolved chemical elements such as organic matter resulting from decomposition. Slurry that has been lost gas is waste from biogas and is rich in nutrients needed in plants, but so far liquid leachate fertilizer and biogas waste have not been utilized properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of leachate, bio slurry, and mixture on cucumber plant growth (Cucumis sativus L), and the best influence between leachate, bio slurry and a mixture of both. This study used an experimental method with randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments and 4x replications. The results of the study of Leachate Water, Bio slurry, and Mixture affected, plant length, on plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, dry weight and plant wet weight. All treatments had an effect on the observed parameters at a concentration of 15 ml, 30 ml, or 45 ml, especially in observing wet weight and dry weight of plants. The treatment of leachate showed a significant difference in the wet weight concentration of 30 ml and dry weight concentration of 30 ml.Keywords: Leachate, Bio slurry, Cucumis sativus L ABSTRAKAir lindi adalah limbah cair dapat timbul karena masuknya air pada timbunan sampah dan bersifat dapat  melarutkan unsur kimiawi yang terlarut antara lain materi organik hasil dari dekomposisi. Kotoran ternak (slurry) yang sudah hilang gasnya merupakan limbah dari biogas  dan kaya dengan nutrisi yang di butuhkan pada  tanaman, namun selama ini pupuk cair air lindi dan limbah biogas belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh air lindi, bio slurry, dan Campuran terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman mentimun (Cucumis sativus L), dan pengaruh yang terbaik antara air lindi, bio slurry dan campuran keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 4x ulangan. Hasil penelitian Pemberian Air lindi, Bio slurry, dan Campuran berpengaruh , panjang tanaman, terhadap pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah pada daun, jumlah bunga, berat kering dan berat basah tanaman, Semua perlakuan memberikan pengaruh pada parameter yang di amati baik pada konsentrasi 15 ml, 30 ml, ataupun 45 ml, khususnya pada pengamatan berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Pada perlakuan Air lindi menunjukkan beda nyata yang signifikan yaitu pada berat basah konsentrasi  30 ml dan berat kering konsentrasi 30 ml.  Kata kunci: Air lindi,Bio slurry,Cucumis sativus L

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