scholarly journals Using Azadirachtin to Transform Spodoptera frugiperda from Pest to Natural Enemy

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Sukun Lin ◽  
Shengnan Li ◽  
Zhenghui Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Predatory Behavior ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
First Time

Spodoptera frugiperda and Rhopalosiphum maidis, as main pests, seriously harm the safety of maize. At present, chemical pesticides are mainly used to control these pests. However, due to residue and resistance problems, more green, environmentally benign, simple preventive control technology is needed. In this study, we reported the reason for the antifeedant activity of azadirachtin on S. frugiperda and proposed that S. frugiperda treated with azadirachtin would turn from pest into natural enemy. S. frugiperda showed an obvious antifeeding phenomenon to maize leaf treated with various azadirachtin concentrations (0.5~20 mg/L). It was found that maize leaf treated with 1 mg/L of azadirachtin has a stimulating effect on the antenna and sensillum basiconicum of S. frugiperda, and azadirachtin can affect the feeding behavior of S. frugiperda. Additionally, after treating maize leaves or maize leaves + R. maidis with 1 mg/L of azadirachtin, the predatory behavior of S. frugiperda changed from a preference for eating maize leaves to R. maidis. Moreover, the molting of R. maidis can promote the change of this predatory behavior. Our results, for the first time, propose that the combined control technology of azadirachtin insecticide and biological control could turn S. frugiperda from pest into natural enemy, which can effectively eliminate R. maidis and protect maize. This combined control technology provides a new way for pest management and has good ecological, environmental, and economic benefits.

scholarly journals First record of a parasitoid, Megaselia (M) scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ◽  
S. Kiran ◽  
Atanu Naskar ◽  
Palam Pradeep ◽  
C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Record ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Megaselia Scalaris ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has become a major threat in maize cultivation since its invasion to India in 2018. The humpbacked fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), was recorded as a laboratory parasitoid of FAW, for the first time in India. Initially, 30–40 maggots of M. (M) scalaris emerged out from the dead pre-pupa and pupa of laboratory-reared FAW. The fly laid up to 15 eggs on the outer surface of 6th instar larva or pre-pupa of the FAW. The incubation period was 1–2 days. The fly had 3 larval instars which lasted 3–4 days and a pupal period of 10–11 days. The adults survived for 6–7 days.

scholarly journals Tropilaelaps of bees - epizootiological picture with special emphasis on the first description of the parasite in bumblebees and bees in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Marija Manic ◽  
Bosiljka Djuricic ◽  
Z. Raicevic
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Acarapis Woodi ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Queen Bees ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bee Disease ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bee Colonies

Honey bees are the most significant pollinators of plants worlwide. Importance of plant pollination widely exceeds all other economic benefits of modern beekeeping such as production of honey, Royal jelly, propolis, beeswax, honeybee venom etc. The issues concerning bees diseases are of extreme importance in modern commercial beekeeping. That especially regards to the fact that the number of disease agents in bees has considerably increased in recent decades. Using international transport, export or import of bees and their products, the possibility of entering various agents (parasites, bacterias, viruses and fungi) into bee colonies. In recent years one of the biggest problems in beekeeping in Asia has become tropilaelaps - ectoparasitic bee disease caused by mites of the genus Tropilaelaps. But because of prevalent interest in parasites Varroa destructor and Acarapis woodi, the threat of mites from Tropileaps family has not been familiar for a long period of time. Today, Tropilaelaps is on the list of diseases endangering the whole world, made by OIE. There is a real risk of its spreading, mostly through trade, that is import of bees, swarms, queen bees, bee products and equipment. In the Republic of Serbia, this disease was described for the first time in April-May 1981 in bumblebees and bees in which a mass infestation with until then unknown parasites was detected. By additional analysis there was found out that the parasite in question was from Laelapidae (Mesostigmata) family, Tropilaelaps.

Trichoderma atroviride, a maize root associated fungus, increases the parasitism rate of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda by its natural enemy Campoletis sonorensis

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo ◽  
Ek del-Val ◽  
Lourdes Macías-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Carlos E. González-Esquivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Campoletis Sonorensis ◽  
Parasitism Rate

PLC Programmable Control Technology in the Mine Pit Transportation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Original System ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Traction Power Supply System ◽  
Safety Effect ◽  
Traction Power Supply

This paper summarizes the definition, function, and characteristics of the programmable control technology, and especially analyzes the operation mode of the 750V DC traction power supply system, the protection setting, the defects of the original system and the factors influencing the safety of power supply. Aimed at the equipment of the PLC programmable control system used in the mine transportation system in recent years, combining parts of the PLC programmable control system equipment used and installed in Tong Ting Coal Mine, this paper introduces the role of the PLC programmable control system and the economic benefits and safety effect.

Experimental Research on Profile Control Technology Using Sewage Flowed Back from Injecting-Polymer Wells

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2112-2116
Author(s):  
Zhi Feng Cai ◽  
Guang Sheng Cao ◽  
Shao Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Profile Control ◽  
Ph Modifier ◽  
Gelling Time

With the amount of injecting-polymer wells in Xingnan SS block of Daqing Oilfield increasing gradually, a lot of problems, such as the treatment and use of sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells, need to be solved. The concentrations of gelling agent, cross-linking agent, and regulators have been optimized by measuring gelling strength and gelling time. The additives about pH modifier and deoxidizer have been selected. As a result, the formula system of profile control using sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells has been formed, realizing reuse of sewage, reaching the goal of improving oil recovery. The research in this paper not only solves the problem of re-injecting sewage flowed back from injecting-polymer wells, making full use of resources, but saves costs, improving economic benefits.

Water and Salt Regulation Mode of Soil Salinization Based on Change of Land Utilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2551-2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Biao Gu ◽  
Li Juan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
Movement Tendency

Soil Salinization poses a potential threat to human health, socio-economic development, national food security, local ecological environment, and also leads to substantial risks. Therefore, non-engineering and engineering control measures are required to reduce the risks and hazard levels. To achieve the goal, the nature of factors, which affect the salinity formation whether it can be regulated or not, had been first made a thorough analysis. Then the combined control mode which was water and salt regulation management simulation model of soil salinization based on change of land utilization had been put into pratice in Songyuan irrigated district. The specific process is as follows: under the premise of land utilization re-adjustment, three-dimensional hydrogeological numerical model was used as a tool to evaluate the distribution ratio of surface water and groundwater, taking the water table changes as clues to achieve the goal that verifies the mode of soil salinization in Songyuan irrigated district, and can forecast the water and salt movement tendency. On the other hand, from the perspective of critical groundwater depth of soil salinization to analyze its variation trend, different management measures were suggested. The research results showed that the mode of regulation can effectively head off the deterioration of salinization, and taking environmental and economic benefits into account, it can also provide basis for scientific amelioration and field management for saline soil.

scholarly journals The Main Disease and its Attacks in the Generative Phase of Maize (Zea Mays L) in the Freshwater Swamps of South Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Harman Hamidson ◽  
Riski Anwar Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Maize Leaf ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Puccinia Polysora ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Orange Color

In South Sumatra, the ​​freshwater swamps is 157,846 hectares, with this wide freshwater swamps, it can be used for crops food  cultivation, one of which is maize. The purpose of this study was to provide information on the identification and attack of maize disease in freshwater swamps of South Sumatra. The research method was purposive sampling. The results of the study identification that the symptoms of maize leaf rust attack, seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were the lumps or pustules of orange color such as rust and the symptoms of maize leaf blight seen from the physiology of maize leaves, were small oval brownish lines like burning leaves. The leaf rust disease had an attack rate of 90% and the maize leaf blight reached 98%. Based on the results of this study, the main disease of maize attacking in the generative phase was the leaf rust (Puccinia polysora) and maize leaf blight (Bipolaris maydis).

scholarly journals Bionomy of spruce bud scale, Physokermes piceae (schrank) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the Belgrade area, Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Draga Graora ◽  
Radoslava Spasic ◽  
L. Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Exochomus Quadripustulatus ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Spruce bud scale, Physokermes piceae, develops on the genus Picea. Large colonies of this species are constantly present on Picea abies in green areas in the Belgrade territory, causing the drying of needles, branches and whole plants. Therefore, Ph. piceae is a significant spruce pest. Spruce scales attract many entomophagous insects able to reduce pest population. Parasitoid wasps Coccophagus lycimnia (Walk) (Aphelinidae) and Microterys lunatus (Dalm.) (Encyrtidae) were reared. Predators Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Scymnus abietis Paykull (Coccinellidae) and Anthribus nebulosus Forster (Anthribidae) were determined. Both species of ladybird were confirmed as predators of Ph. piceae for the first time in Serbia, while S. abietis is a new species for the fauna of Serbia. The most effective natural enemy of Ph. piceae was A. nebulosus, reducing populations by 68-80%.

scholarly journals TRENDS AND PROSPECTS OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (22(50)) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Maryna Averkyna ◽  
Yevhenii Oktysiuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Organize Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time

The article considers the preconditions of anti-corruption reform, the essence, economic results and the current situation. Recommendations are also given that should be followed to improve the situation. Prior to the start of the implementation of the anti-corruption reform, there was corruption, which in fact was not prosecuted in any way due to the fact that the judicial system of Ukraine itself was corrupt. The anti-corruption reform established several independent institutions to investigate and convict corruption offenses, including the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office, the Supreme Anti-Corruption Court, and the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. These institutions have been called upon to be new independent bodies that receive appeals of corruption violations, investigate cases, and pass sentences. Also, these bodies form and coordinate anti-corruption policy in Ukraine, organize work to prevent and detect corruption in local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations. Since these institutions were just starting to work, the first few years the economic results were insignificant, but gradually the amount of compensation and terminated illegal contracts became solid. Despite the economic results of the anti-corruption reform, there is a significant outflow of foreign investment for the first time in five years. The main reason for this is distrust of the judiciary and the prevalence of corruption. Despite the economic benefits of fighting corruption, corruption is in fact covered by top government officials, rather than any support from anti-corruption institutions. The article gives some recommendations on how to act in this situation. In particular, it is called upon to support and strengthen Ukraine's anti-corruption infrastructure; pass real sentences on real corrupt officials so that society and investors are convinced that the government is resolutely fighting corruption; punish top corrupt officials, regardless of position, to stop corruption at the highest level, where it is just reaching its peak.

scholarly journals SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), AN INVASIVE PEST IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS AND ITS MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassan Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Aqsa Mazhar ◽  
Muhammad Shehzad
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW), is a pest that invaded the sub-tropical and tropical regions of America. In 2016, it was reported for the first time in central Africa and within a year it was reported from many countries of Africa. It then spread in Asia and in 2018 it was reported in India, and now its infestation was seen in Pakistan. Its strong flight, climatic adaptableness and large host range makes it a good colonizing agent as compared to other species of Spodoptera. In potential managing strategies we must know about its primary information such as its biology, host range, habitat and favorable conditions. Identification and life cycle is the most important process in the management of this pest. IPM strategies include physical and cultural control, botanical control, biological control and chemical control. These strategies will help in management of FAW. All these aspects have been reviewed in this article.

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