scholarly journals Enhanced Private Sector Engagement for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Reporting through an Intermediary Agency in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Luan Nguyen Quang Vo ◽  
Andrew James Codlin ◽  
Huy Ba Huynh ◽  
Thuy Doan To Mai ◽  
Rachel Jeanette Forse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Current System ◽  
Private Provider ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Private Sector Engagement

Under-detection and -reporting in the private sector constitute a major barrier in Viet Nam’s fight to end tuberculosis (TB). Effective private-sector engagement requires innovative approaches. We established an intermediary agency that incentivized private providers in two districts of Ho Chi Minh City to refer persons with presumptive TB and share data of unreported TB treatment from July 2017 to March 2019. We subsidized chest x-ray screening and Xpert MTB/RIF testing, and supported test logistics, recording, and reporting. Among 393 participating private providers, 32.1% (126/393) referred at least one symptomatic person, and 3.6% (14/393) reported TB patients treated in their practice. In total, the study identified 1203 people with TB through private provider engagement. Of these, 7.6% (91/1203) were referred for treatment in government facilities. The referrals led to a post-intervention increase of +8.5% in All Forms TB notifications in the intervention districts. The remaining 92.4% (1112/1203) of identified people with TB elected private-sector treatment and were not notified to the NTP. Had this private TB treatment been included in official notifications, the increase in All Forms TB notifications would have been +68.3%. Our evaluation showed that an intermediary agency model can potentially engage private providers in Viet Nam to notify many people with TB who are not being captured by the current system. This could have a substantial impact on transparency into disease burden and contribute significantly to the progress towards ending TB.

scholarly journals Assessing private provider perceptions and the acceptability of video observed treatment technology for tuberculosis treatment adherence in three cities across Viet Nam

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250644
Author(s):  
Lan Huu Nguyen ◽  
Phuong Thi Minh Tran ◽  
Thu Anh Dam ◽  
Rachel Jeanette Forse ◽  
Andrew James Codlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Private Provider ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Intervention ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Provider Perceptions ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Differentiated Care

Background The World Health Organization recently recommended Video Observed Therapy (VOT) as one option for monitoring tuberculosis (TB) treatment adherence. There is evidence that private sector TB treatment has substandard treatment follow-up, which could be improved using VOT. However, acceptability of VOT in the private sector has not yet been evaluated. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey employing a theoretical framework for healthcare intervention acceptability to measure private provider perceptions of VOT across seven constructs in three cities of Viet Nam: Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City, and Hai Phong. We investigated the differences in private providers’ attitudes and perceptions of VOT using mixed ordinal models to test for significant differences in responses between groups of providers stratified by their willingness to use VOT. Results A total of 79 private providers completed the survey. Sixty-two providers (75%) indicated they would use VOT if given the opportunity. Between private providers who would and would not use VOT, there were statistically significant differences (p≤0.001) in the providers’ beliefs that VOT would help identify side effects faster and in their confidence to monitor treatment and provide differentiated care with VOT. There were also significant differences in providers’ beliefs that VOT would save them time and money, address problems faced by their patients, benefit their practice and patients, and be relevant for all their patients. Conclusion Private providers who completed the survey have positive views towards using VOT and specific subpopulations acknowledge the value of integrating VOT into their practice. Future VOT implementation in the private sector should focus on emphasizing the benefits and relevance of VOT during recruitment and provide programmatic support for implementing differentiated care with the technology.

scholarly journals Integrating Xpert MTB/RIF for TB diagnosis in the private sector: evidence from large-scale pilots in Patna and Mumbai, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarang Deo ◽  
Pankaj Jindal ◽  
Sirisha Papineni
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Provider Behavior ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
Private Sector Engagement ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) has been recommended by WHO as the initial diagnostic test for TB and rifampicin-resistance detection. Existing evidence regarding its uptake is limited to public health systems and corresponding resource and infrastructure challenges. It cannot be readily extended to private providers, who treat more than half of India’s TB cases and demonstrate complex diagnostic behavior. Methods We used routine program data collected from November 2014 to April 2017 from large-scale private sector engagement pilots in Mumbai and Patna. It included diagnostic vouchers issued to approximately 150,000 patients by about 1400 providers, aggregated to 18,890 provider-month observations. We constructed three metrics to capture provider behavior with regards to adoption of Xpert and studied their longitudinal variation: (i) Uptake (ordering of test), (ii) Utilization for TB diagnosis, and (iii) Non-adherence to negative results. We estimated multivariate linear regression models to assess heterogeneity in provider behavior based on providers’ prior experience and Xpert testing volumes. Results Uptake of Xpert increased considerably in both Mumbai (from 36 to 60.4%) and Patna (from 12.2 to 45.1%). However, utilization of Xpert for TB diagnosis and non-adherence to negative Xpert results did not show systematic trends over time. In regression models, cumulative number of Xpert tests ordered was significantly associated with Xpert uptake in Patna and utilization for diagnosis in Mumbai (p-value< 0.01). Uptake of Xpert and its utilization for diagnosis was predicted to be higher in high-volume providers compared to low-volume providers and this gap was predicted to widen over time. Conclusions Private sector engagement led to substantial increase in uptake of Xpert, especially among high-volume providers, but did not show strong evidence of Xpert results being integrated with TB diagnosis. Increasing availability and affordability of a technically superior diagnostic tool may not be sufficient to fundamentally change diagnosis and treatment of TB in the private sector. Behavioral interventions, specifically aimed at, integrating Xpert results into clinical decision making of private providers may be required to impact patient-level outcomes.

scholarly journals Accessing DMPA-SC through the public and private sectors in Nigeria: users’ characteristics and their experiences

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Liu ◽  
Jennifer Shen ◽  
Eric Schatzkin ◽  
Olanike Adedeji ◽  
Eugene Kongnyuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Private Provider ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
Quality Item

Background: Beginning in 2015, subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) was added to the contraceptive method mix in Nigeria, primarily through social marketing in the private sector and community-based distribution in the public sector. We compare user experiences in acquiring DMPA-SC across sectors during this national scale-up. Methods: From October 2017 to February 2018, 459 women (Npublic=235; Nprivate=224) completed a phone survey from a convenience sample of 1,444 women (Npublic=912; Nprivate=532) who obtained DMPA-SC from participating providers and agreed to be contacted. We examined the sociodemographic predictors of attending a public vs. private provider and analyzed differences in care-seeking across sectors (becoming aware of DMPA-SC, choosing a provider, choosing DMPA-SC, quality of care). Results: Respondents obtaining DMPA-SC from public providers were younger and less educated than those attending private providers. Both program respondents were comprised of similar percentages of new users of modern contraception (58.7-60.3%), although most respondents became aware of DMPA-SC through a friend/family member (43.1%) or a provider (41.5%). Relatively more public sector respondents also heard about DMPA-SC through community outreaches whereas relatively more private sector respondents became aware through media. Convenience was the most common reason for choosing a provider—43.8% among all respondents (higher among public sector respondents). Private sector respondents were also more likely to choose a past or usual provider. Having overall higher quality interactions were more likely among clients who attended private providers than public providers, but responses to individual quality item measures show specific areas of poor quality for providers in each sector. Conclusions: Training emphasizing technical thoroughness, sensitivity toward younger women, and client choice may help improve women’s experiences with obtaining DMPA-SC, ultimately contributing to accelerating demand for and uptake of DMPA-SC specifically and contraception in general.

scholarly journals Are we expecting too much from the private sector in flood adaptation? Scenario-based field experiments with small- and medium-sized firms in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-378
Author(s):  
Roxana Leitold ◽  
Javier Revilla Diez ◽  
Van Tran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
Private Sector Engagement ◽  
Flood Adaptation

AbstractAdaptive governance approaches emphasize the crucial role of the private sector in enabling climate change adaptation. Yet, the participation of local firms is still lacking, and little is known about the conditions potentially influencing firms’ adaptation decisions and mechanisms that might encourage private sector engagement. We address this gap with an empirical analysis of the willingness of manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to participate financially in collective flood adaptation in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), a hotspot of future climate change risk. Using scenario-based field experiments, we shed light on internal and external conditions that influence potential investments in collective initiatives and explain what role SMEs can play in flood adaptation. We find that direct impacts of floods, perceived self-responsibility, and strong local ties motivate firms to participate in collective adaptation, whereas government support, sufficient financial resources, and previously implemented flood protection strategies reduce the necessity to act collectively. Here, opportunity costs and the handling of other business risks play a decisive role in investment decisions. This study shows that although private sector engagement appears to be a promising approach, it is not a panacea. Collective initiatives on flood adaptation need formal guidance and should involve local business networks and partnerships to give voice to the needs and capacities of SMEs, but such initiatives should not overstretch firms’ responsibilities.

scholarly journals Accessing DMPA-SC through the public and private sectors in Nigeria: users’ characteristics and their experiences

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Liu ◽  
Jennifer Shen ◽  
Eric Schatzkin ◽  
Olanike Adedeji ◽  
Eugene Kongnyuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Private Provider ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Providers ◽  
Quality Item

Background: Beginning in 2015, subcutaneous depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-SC) was added to the contraceptive method mix in Nigeria, primarily through social marketing in the private sector and community-based distribution in the public sector. We compare user experiences in acquiring DMPA-SC across sectors during this national scale-up. Methods: From October 2017 to February 2018, 459 women (Npublic=235; Nprivate=224) completed a phone survey from a convenience sample of 1,444 women (Npublic=912; Nprivate=532) who obtained DMPA-SC from participating providers and agreed to be contacted. We examined the sociodemographic predictors of attending a public vs. private provider and analyzed differences in care-seeking across sectors (becoming aware of DMPA-SC, choosing a provider, choosing DMPA-SC, quality of care). Results: Respondents obtaining DMPA-SC from public providers were younger and less educated than those attending private providers. Both program respondents were comprised of similar percentages of new users of modern contraception (58.7-60.3%), although most respondents became aware of DMPA-SC through a friend/family member (43.1%) or a provider (41.5%). Relatively more public sector respondents also heard about DMPA-SC through community outreaches whereas relatively more private sector respondents became aware through media. Convenience was the most common reason for choosing a provider—43.8% among all respondents (higher among public sector respondents). Private sector respondents were also more likely to choose a past or usual provider. Having overall higher quality interactions were more likely among clients who attended private providers than public providers, but responses to individual quality item measures show specific areas of poor quality for providers in each sector. Conclusions: Training emphasizing technical thoroughness, sensitivity toward younger women, and client choice may help improve women’s experiences with obtaining DMPA-SC, ultimately contributing to accelerating demand for and uptake of DMPA-SC specifically and contraception in general.

scholarly journals Uncovering prevalence of pangolin consumption using a technique for investigating sensitive behaviour

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alegria Olmedo ◽  
Diogo Veríssimo ◽  
E.J. Milner-Gulland ◽  
Amy Hinsley ◽  
Huong Thi Thu Dao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Rice Wine ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Local Use ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

Abstract Pangolins have been exploited throughout history but evidence points to population declines across parts of their ranges since the 1960s, especially in Asia. This is the result of overexploitation for local use and international trade and trafficking of their derivatives. The prevalence of the consumption of pangolin products has been estimated for different localities in Viet Nam but, considering that national legislation prohibits the purchase of pangolin products, previous research has not accounted for the potential for biased responses. In this study, we treat pangolin consumption as a sensitive behaviour and estimate consumption prevalence of pangolin meat, scales and wine (a whole pangolin or pangolin parts or fluids soaked or mixed in rice wine) in Ho Chi Minh City using a specialized questioning method, the unmatched count technique. We also characterize the demographics of consumers. Our results suggest there is active consumption of all three pangolin products, with a best-estimate prevalence of 7% of a representative sample of Ho Chi Minh City residents for pangolin meat, 10% for scales and 6% for wine. Our prevalence estimates exceed estimates from direct questions, providing evidence for the sensitivity of pangolin consumption. We compared our analysis of consumer characteristics with existing profiles of pangolin consumers and found substantial differences, suggesting that consumption occurs among broader demographic groups than previously described. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce demand for pangolin consumption in Viet Nam should focus on a broader range of consumers than previously identified.

scholarly journals Implementation of GINA guidelines in Ho Chi Minh City: a model for Viet Nam

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
N. V. Tho ◽  
H. T. H. Loan ◽  
N. T. P. Thao ◽  
N. T. T. Dung ◽  
L. T. T. Lan
Keyword(s):  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Gina Guidelines

scholarly journals Correction to: Community participation and private sector engagement are fundamental to achieving universal health coverage and health security in Africa: reflections from the second Africa health forum

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushayo Olu ◽  
Pamela Drameh-Avognon ◽  
Emil Asamoah-Odei ◽  
Francis Kasolo ◽  
Tomas Valdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Private Sector Engagement

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported the following author name error is the article:

scholarly journals Screening of endophytes from rubber trees (hevea brasiliensis) for biological control of Corticium salmonicolor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Minh ◽  
Mai Huu Phuc ◽  
Duong Nhat Linh ◽  
Tran Thi A Ni ◽  
Tran Kien Duc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples

28 leaves and living-tissue samples of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) were collected from Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Phuoc province and Binh Duong province (Viet Nam). We isolated and screened endophytes that have potential application as agents for biocontrol of Corticium salmonicolor, the agent of Pink Disease in rubber trees. As a result, 21 strains of endophytic bacteria and 14 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated. Antagonistic activity of the endophytes towards C. salmonicolor was checked by using a dual culture. Testing results showed that: T9, T15 and T16 strains have inhibited C. salmonicolor. T9 and T16 strains showed result that 100% of inhibiting C. salmonicolor at the concentration of 1:1. In the test of ability to kill C. salmonicolor, T9 and T16 strains showed that they could kill C. salmonicolor after 3 sprays of bacterial filtrate. T9 and T6 strains, which were identified by biochemical methods, have similar characteristics to Bacillus thuringiensis.

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