scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Urban Spatial Characteristics of the Capitals of Tang and Song Dynasties Based on Space Syntax

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Liran Yin ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Kemi Adeyeye
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Tang And Song Dynasties ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Space syntax has been widely used in studies with historical components to developing a common analytical language for the comparative study of urban morphology across time and space by visual diagrams. This paper uses space syntax to analyse the inner and outer city parts of the daily life of residents in the capital cities of two dynasties, Tang and Song, to reveal the impact of changes in urban planning on the overall spatial structure of the city, the structure of commercial space, and the role of urban squares in the two dynasties under centralised rule. Based on the quantitative analysis, the results show significant differences between the Tang and Song dynasties in all three aspects of comparison. The changes in the Tang and Song dynasties’ capital cities result from the interaction between the materiality of the ancient Chinese capital city form and the spatial function of the city, and the analysis of space syntax is useful for interpreting their relevance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Ancient Landscape Changes on the City Arrangement of the Early Shang Dynasty Capital Zhengzhou, Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Chen ◽  
Peng Lu ◽  
Shugang Yang ◽  
Michael Storozum ◽  
Ruixia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Central China ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Activity Areas

Buried underneath modern Zhengzhou city in Henan Province, China, lies the archeological remains of one of the ancient capital cities of the Shang dynasty (1766 – 1122 BCE). Although it is likely that people planned this Shang capital city according to the demands of the surrounding environment, there is no clear relationship between the current environment, such as the hydrology and topography, and the ancient city’s layout. To better understand the relationship between planning principles used during the Shang dynasty and the nearby environment at Zhengzhou, we measured and sampled stratigraphic exposures at excavation locations throughout Zhengzhou. Through these excavations we obtained both absolute and relative chronological data from each culture layer, enabling us to use geospatial interpolation and analysis methods to reconstruct the ancient landscape. The results show that ancient city’s different activity areas had a close relationship with their environmental context. For example, the Shang dynasty palace was located on high ground and workshops were located down below along the courses of ancient rivers. In conclusion, we argue that research that merges geomorphology and archeology is a necessary prerequisite for understanding the development of urban areas.

scholarly journals The Role of Urban Morphology Design on Enhancing Physical Activity and Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Fathi ◽  
Hassan Sajadzadeh ◽  
Faezeh Mohammadi Sheshkal ◽  
Farshid Aram ◽  
Gergo Pinter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The City

Along with environmental pollution, urban planning has been connected to public health. The research indicates that the quality of built environments plays an important role in reducing mental disorders and overall health. The structure and shape of the city are considered as one of the factors influencing happiness and health in urban communities and the type of the daily activities of citizens. The aim of this study was to promote physical activity in the main structure of the city via urban design in a way that the main form and morphology of the city can encourage citizens to move around and have physical activity within the city. Functional, physical, cultural-social, and perceptual-visual features are regarded as the most important and effective criteria in increasing physical activities in urban spaces, based on literature review. The environmental quality of urban spaces and their role in the physical activities of citizens in urban spaces were assessed by using the questionnaire tool and analytical network process (ANP) of structural equation modeling. Further, the space syntax method was utilized to evaluate the role of the spatial integration of urban spaces on improving physical activities. Based on the results, consideration of functional diversity, spatial flexibility and integration, security, and the aesthetic and visual quality of urban spaces plays an important role in improving the physical health of citizens in urban spaces. Further, more physical activities, including motivation for walking and the sense of public health and happiness, were observed in the streets having higher linkage and space syntax indexes with their surrounding texture.

scholarly journals ‘Between life and death’: On land, silence and liberation in the capital city

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan F. De Beer
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
University Of Pretoria ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

This article reflects on the unfinished task of liberation – as expressed in issues of land – and drawing from the work of Franz Fanon and the Durban-based social movement Abahlali baseMjondolo. It locates its reflections in four specific sites of struggle in the City of Tshwane, and against the backdrop of the mission statement of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Pretoria, as well as the Capital Cities Research Project based in the same university. Reflecting on the ‘living death’ of millions of landless people on the one hand, and the privatisation of liberation on the other, it argues that a liberating praxis of engagement remains a necessity in order to break the violent silences that perpetuate exclusion.

Federalism

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Beramendi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

This article provides a partial but necessary review of the dominating themes, evolution, and pending tasks that await the comparative politics of federalism. The basic premise of this article is taken from rational choice institution-alism. The article fist delimits federalism as an institution, before it pays attention to the impact of federalism on democracy and the workings of the economy. An analysis of federalism as an endogenous institution is provided. The article also mentions a number of methodological considerations on the comparative study of the origins and consequences of federalism. It ends with a discussion of the various challenges that lie ahead of the field.

scholarly journals Analysis of impact of city forest utilization to improvement of envirovment qualty in Serang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Anis Masyruroh ◽  
Djoko M. Hartono ◽  
Herman Haeruman ◽  
Emirhadi Suganda
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Absorbance ◽  
Research Show

Serang city is the capital city of Banten province surrounded by cities and counties nearby. At this time serang city has become center of activities and migration of the counties nearits that cause the past population growth. This of course will affect to the building both physical and non physical ones. At the same time environment problem increases too, such as the height of temperature , the increase of air pollution, trafkic jam, the decrease of water quality. One of the ways of handling the problems is bye keeping and developing green open space, that will become city forest. This research is to find out the potency of the impact of city forest management to envirounment in Serang city, like air quality. CO2 decrease, noise, moisture, and potency of carbon as well as potency of water absorbance. Research methodoly used is using primary data of environmental quality test in fivelocation in Serang city which is placed near the city forest area to colculate the potency of carbon absorbance using formula of biomassa tree calcution which is calculated based on the ability of plantation water absorbance. The research show that the value of physical environment in city forest area is better than the condition of physical environment which is forer from the city forest.

Small respiratory passages dysfunction in bronchial asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kytikova ◽  
M. V. Antonyuk ◽  
B. I. Gel'tser ◽  
E. E. Mineeva ◽  
T. A. Gvozdenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Timely Treatment

The small respiratory passages dysfunction (SRPD) is found in the vast majority of patients with bronchial asthma (BA). The SRPD is currently recognized as the important pathogenetic feature of BA. The purpose of this review is to analyze the current scientific knowledge about the poorly studied aspects of the small respiratory passages (SRR) participation in the development of pathological process in BA, as well as the impact of small bronchial dysfunction on the clinical course, the exacerbation frequency and the disease control. The importance of SRPD diagnostics in BA patients for optimal and timely treatment is discussed. The modern methods of RPD pathology diagnostics are described; their informative use in the comparative study aspect is considered.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE WAVE ATTACK ANTICIPATED UPON A STRUCTURE FROM LABORATORY AND FIELD OBSERVATIONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
W.A. Venis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Mass Spring ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

Model tests have been carried out to obtain an insight into the magnitude of the wave-pressures in various situations. These tests showed, that sharp high pressure peaks occur in addition to the pressures caused by the reflecting of the waves, which pressures are quasi-static. As the structure can be compared with a multiple mass-spring system these pressure-peaks may cause the whole construction to vibrate. Wave-attack therefore can be expressed in terms of impact. Moreover, calculations revealed that the impact pressures were critical factors in determining the strength of the structure. So many model tests were carried out to determine the design and location of the sluices. These tests involved numerous water-levels discharges and waves. Regarding the pressure-peaks a comparative study was made in the model, which led to the structure being designed in such a way that the occurrence of critical impacts was reduced to an acceptable minimum. As it was impossible to avoid the occurrence of impact pressures entirely it remained necessary to determine a basic load for the structure that takes care of the impact pressures. As it has not yet appeared possible physically to determine a theoretical maximum for the impact pressures, it has to be borne in mind that there is a probability that each pressure measured will be exceeded. So this paper describes, how the cumulative frequency curve of the impacts for the case mentioned in 1.1 sub a, which served as a basis for determining the basic load was arrived at by a certain combination of laboratory and field observations. The data used for this purpose were a. Results of wave-impact measurements on a model of the sluices. This model, built in accordance with the results of the comparative study, was situated in the wind-flume of the "de Voorst" hydraulic laboratory. b. Wave height measurements in the Haringvliet during 1957 and 1958. c. Wind-speed measurements on board the lightship Qoeree, likewise during 1957 and 1958. d. Tidal registrations at Hellevoetsluis from 1920 to 1960. e. Wind-force data from the Hook of Holland, likewise from 1920 to 1960.

scholarly journals Towards a New Paradigm in City Branding and Marketing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Alraouf ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
City Branding ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In rentier countries around the Gulf, a paradigm shift is certainly happening. Gulf States resorted to branding strategies which would secure a global recognition for their cities. The paper analyzes the effectiveness of tools used in Doha, the capital city of Qatar to create its own identity within the Gulf States and the rest of the Middle East. The analyzed tools will include City Uniqueness, Quality of Public Spaces, Signature Architecture, Events, Festivals, Cultural Tourism and Facilities. One of the main strategies used in Doha to articulate its brand is enhancing the ability of the city to host global Events, Festivals, and international sports. Competitions and cultural Carnivals. The research illustrates the use of Interesting Architecture, Cultural Facilities, Unique streets, Public parks, City natural and man-made Uniqueness as a City Marketing and Positive Branding Tools. The paper investigates crucial questions including the impact of the digital paradigm on the competitiveness of cities? How to regionally and globally market a city? What are the sustainable and resilient strategies for branding contemporary city? The paper also articulates a model for the case of Doha city banding and marketing which is based on a balanced approach. Such an approach would consider traditional assets including history and heritage. Also, it will include contemporary and innovative assets resulted from the last decade unprecedented investments in the sectors of education, research, culture and knowledge. Hence, the paper suggests a more holistic approach to city branding which would balance between social equity, economic prospertiy and ecological intergrity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Morphological Features on Summer Temperature Variations on the Example of two Residential Neighborhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenka Fikfak ◽  
Saja Kosanović ◽  
Miha Konjar ◽  
Janez P. Grom ◽  
Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Satellite Imaging ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The study conducted in this paper is focused on a predominantly residential area of the City of Ljubljana – Koseze, which is characterized by generally favorable (bio)climatic conditions. Nonetheless, thermal satellite imaging showed that residential neighborhoods within the Koseze district display unexpected variations in summer temperatures. This observation called into question the benefits of existing bioclimatic features and indicated the need to investigate and compare two neighborhoods with similar urban parameters, with the aim to identify morphological differential characteristics impacting urban heat island (UHI) intensity. By applying the study methodology based on a literature review, surveys of key precedents, detailed mapping in two Koseze locations, in situ measurements, observations and recordings, thermal imaging and the analyses of statistical data, as well as by defining the four main categories of morphological urban parameters – structure, cover, fabric and metabolism, it was concluded that both neighborhoods have common morphological elements mitigating the UHI effect. Additionally, it was found that the neighborhood with higher UHI intensity has several less favorable features, such as busier roads, larger surface of parking corridors, and the existence of underground parking space. The traffic as an element of urban morphology hence represents the main cause of differences among UHI levels in the two Koseze neighborhoods.

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