scholarly journals NanoString Technology for Human Papillomavirus Typing

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Mangalathu S. Rajeevan ◽  
Sonya Patel ◽  
Tengguo Li ◽  
Elizabeth R. Unger
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Roche Linear Array ◽  
Nanostring Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Single Reaction

High-throughput HPV typing assays with increased automation, faster turnaround and type-specific digital readout would facilitate studies monitoring the impact of HPV vaccination. We evaluated the NanoString nCounter® platform for detection and digital readout of 48 HPV types in a single reaction. NanoString (NS) used proprietary software to design CodeSets: type-specific probe pairs targeting 48 HPV types and the globin gene. We tested residual DNA extracts from epidemiologic specimens and defined samples (HPV plasmids at 10 to 104 copies/reaction) directly (No-PCR) as well as after L1 consensus PCR of 45 (PCR-45) or 15 cycles (PCR-15). Assay and interpretation followed NS recommendations. We evaluated analytic performance by comparing NanoString results for types included in prior assays: Roche Linear Array (LA) or HPV TypeSeq assay. No-PCR results on 40 samples showed good type-specific agreement with LA (k = 0.621) but sensitivity was 65% with lower limit of detection (LOD) at 104 plasmid copies. PCR-45 results showed almost perfect type-specific agreement with LA (k = 0.862), 82% sensitivity and LOD at 10 copies. PCR-15 results on 75 samples showed substantial type-specific agreement with LA (k = 0.796, 92% sensitivity) and TypeSeq (k = 0.777, 87% sensitivity), and LOD at 10 copies of plasmids. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the efficacy of the NS platform with HPV CodeSet for type-specific detection using a low number of PCR cycles (PCR-15). Studies are in progress to evaluate assay reproducibility and analytic validation with a larger number of samples.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) types among children and adolescents in the general population in Germany

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Loenenbach ◽  
Michael Pawlita ◽  
Tim Waterboer ◽  
Thomas Harder ◽  
Christina Poethko-Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hpv 1

Abstract Background In Germany, HPV vaccination of adolescent girls was introduced in 2007. Nationally representative data on the distribution of vaccine-relevant HPV types in the pre-vaccination era are, however, only available for the adult population. To obtain data in children and adolescents, we assessed the prevalence and determinants of serological response to 16 different HPV types in a representative sample of 12,257 boys and girls aged 1–17 years living in Germany in 2003–2005. Methods Serum samples were tested for antibodies to nine mucosal and seven cutaneous HPV types. The samples had been collected during the nationally representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in 2003–2006. We calculated age- and gender-specific HPV seroprevalence. We used multivariable regression models to identify associations between demographic and behavioral characteristics and HPV seropositivity. Results We found low but non-zero seroprevalence for the majority of tested HPV types among children and adolescents in Germany. The overall seroprevalence of HPV-16 was 2.6%, with slightly higher values in adolescents. Seroprevalence of all mucosal types but HPV-6 ranged from 0.6% for HPV-33, to 6.4% for HPV-31 and did not differ by gender. We found high overall seroprevalence for HPV-6 with 24.8%. Cutaneous HPV type seroprevalence ranged from 4.0% for HPV-38 to 31.7% for HPV-1. In the majority of cutaneous types, seroprevalence did not differ between boys and girls, but increased sharply with age, (e.g., HPV-1 from 1.5% in 1–3-years-old to 45.1% in 10–11-years-old). Associations between behavioral factors and type-specific HPV prevalence were determined to be heterogeneous. Conclusions We report the first nationally representative data of naturally acquired HPV antibody reactivity in the pre-HPV-vaccination era among children and adolescents living in Germany. These data can be used as baseline estimates for evaluating the impact of the current HPV vaccination strategy targeting 9–14-years-old boys and girls.

scholarly journals Impact and cost-effectiveness of nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccination in Switzerland: insights from a dynamic transmission model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurane Riesen ◽  
Johannes A. Bogaards ◽  
Nicola Low ◽  
Christian L. Althaus
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Price Difference ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Model ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTAIMIn Switzerland, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been implemented using a quadrivalent vaccine that covers HPV types 16 and 18, responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer. The average national uptake was 56% in girls by the age of 16 years in 2014–2016. A nonavalent vaccine, covering five additional oncogenic HPV types was recommended at the end of 2018. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing the nonavalent HPV vaccine in Switzerland compared with the quadrivalent vaccine.METHODSWe developed a dynamic transmission model that describes the spread of 10 high risk HPV types. We informed the model with Swiss data about sexual behaviour and cervical cancer screening, and calibrated the model to cervical cancer incidence in Switzerland. We modelled the impact of quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines at the achieved (56%) and national recommended uptake (80%) in girls. We calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) between the nonavalent vaccine, the quadrivalent vaccine and no vaccination. We evaluated costs linked to cervical cancer screening, treatment of different disease stages and vaccination in a sensitivity analysis.RESULTSCompared with quadrivalent HPV vaccination in Switzerland at 56% uptake, vaccinating with the nonavalent vaccine would avert 1,175 cervical cancer deaths, 3,641 cases of cervical cancer and 106,898 CIN treatments over 100 years at 56% uptake. Compared with the quadrivalent vaccine, which would prevent an estimated 67% and 72% of cervical cancer cases at 56% and 80% coverage, the nonavalent vaccine would prevent 83% and 89% of all cervical cancers at the same coverage rates. The sensitivity analysis shows that introducing the nonavalent vaccination should improve health outcomes and offers a cost-saving alternative to the quadrivalent vaccine under the current price difference.CONCLUSIONSAll scenarios with quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccination are likely to be cost-effective compared with no vaccination. Switching to the nonavalent vaccine at current and improved vaccination uptake is likely to be cost-saving under the investigated price difference.

scholarly journals International Standard Reagents for HPV Detection

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia R. Pagliusi ◽  
Suzanne M. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Cellular Markers ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact

Humam papillomavirus is the commonest genital viral infection in healthy sexually active subjects, and the presence of chronic or persistent HPV types in genital cells may constitute a prognostic marker of underlying, or predict future HPV-associated diseases. A variety of novel tests for detecting the presence of oncogenic HPV types in biological specimens have been reported. These are based on the various stages of infection and viral life cycle. HPV infects squamous epithelium with expression of various gene products intimately linked to epithelial cell differentiation. Hence, there are basically three classes of detectable markers directly derived from HPVs: molecular markers based on detection of nucleic acid sequences, serological markers based on detection of antibodies against viral proteins, and cellular markers based on detection of proteins expressed intracellularly, upon either infection or carcinogenesis. The nature of various assays and the development of international standard reagents for qualitative and quantitative assessment of assay performance are outlined. There is an increasing demand to develop standard tools to assess the quality of HPV detection systems, for regulatory and clinical management purposes. International standard reagents for HPV will help defining the analytical sensitivity and specificity of various detection methods, and will allow assuring that laboratory services used to evaluate disease burden, HPV vaccines, and cancer prevention strategies are accurate and comparable worldwide. The advancement of prophylactic vaccine candidates against HPV infections and related diseases stresses the increasing importance of HPV assays in monitoring the impact of HPV vaccination on disease burden.

Universal Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and its Impact on the Southern Italian Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Guido ◽  
Annarita Bruno ◽  
Luigi Tagliaferro ◽  
Valerio Aprile ◽  
Andrea Tinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Italian Region ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
The Impact

HPV is still the most common sexually transmitted infection, leading to the onset of many disorders while causing an increase in direct and indirect health costs. High Risk (HR) HPV is the primary cause of invasive cervical cancer and contributes significantly to the development of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. The introduction of universal HPV vaccination has led to a significant reduction in vaccine-targeted HPV infections, cross-protective genotypes, precancerous lesions and anogenital warts. Despite the several limitations of HPV vaccination programs, including vaccine type specificity, different schedules, target age-groups and poor communication, the impact has become increasingly evident, especially in countries with high vaccine uptake. We carried out a review of the most recent literature to evaluate the effects of HPV vaccination on vaccinetargeted HPV genotypes and to assess the level of cross-protection provided against non-vaccine HPV types. Subsequently, to assess the rates of HPV infection in a southeast Italian region, we performed an epidemiological investigation on the impact of vaccination on genotypes and on the prevalence and distribution of HPV infection during the twelve-year period 2006-2017 in the Local Health Unit (LHU) of Lecce. The vaccination coverage of about 70% among girls in the LHU led to an initial reduction in vaccine-targeted HPV types and cross-protective genotypes. However, the results on this population should be interpreted cautiously because the period since the start of vaccination is too short and the coverage rate is not yet optimal to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination in lowering the prevalence of non-vaccine HR HPV types in the vaccinated cohort and in older subjects. Nevertheless, it is expected that direct effects will increase further and that herd immunity will begin to emerge as vaccination coverage increases.

scholarly journals Assessment of the State of Knowledge about HPV Infection and HPV Vaccination among Polish Resident Doctors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 551
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Smolarczyk ◽  
Wojciech Pieta ◽  
Slawomir Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
The State ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
The Impact

HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccinations have been introduced into the population of many countries through vaccination programs, although their acceptance varies from country to country, largely dependent on the state of knowledge about diseases caused by genital HPV types as well as cultural, social, and religious factors. The aim of the study was to analyze the state of knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccines among doctors during their specialization in gynecology and obstetrics, dermatology and venereology, and pediatrics. Another objective of the study was to analyze the impact of the state of knowledge about HPV vaccination on their attitude to primary prevention, i.e., vaccinations. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and 639 doctors took part in the study. The analysis was carried out mainly using descriptive statistical methods. In Poland, doctors’ knowledge about HPV is low, independent of gender, age, and subject of specialization. Doctors’ knowledge about the HPV vaccine is very low and independent of sex, age, and subject of specialization. However, doctors’ knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine influences the attitude to HPV vaccination and does not affect pro-active behaviors.

scholarly journals Prostate cancer and the human papilloma virus: causative association, role of vaccines, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Morka ◽  
Joseph M. Norris ◽  
Mark Emberton ◽  
Daniel Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hpv Vaccine Uptake

AbstractProstate cancer affects a significant proportion of men worldwide. Evidence from genetic and clinical studies suggests that there may be a causal association between prostate cancer and the human papilloma virus (HPV). As HPV is a vaccine-preventable pathogen, the possibility of a role in prostate cancer causation may reinforce the importance of effective HPV vaccination campaigns. This is of particular relevance in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have considerable effects on HPV vaccine uptake and distribution.

scholarly journals 926. Antibody Response to HPV Vaccination in Pediatric and Adolescent People Living with HIV (PLWH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S496-S497
Author(s):  
Roukaya Al Hammoud ◽  
Elizabeth R Unger ◽  
Gitika Panicker ◽  
Gabriela P Del Bianco ◽  
Gloria Heresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Peak Titer ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Immune dysfunction related to HIV infection is associated with an inability to clear HPV infection and may compromise the immunogenicity of quadrivalent HPV vaccine Gardasil® (4v HPV). Methods Between 2005 and 2017, males and females 7 to 20 years old age, were offered 3-dose 4v HPV vaccine. Plasma IgG titers to HPV 6 (H6), 11 (H11), 16 (H16) and 18 (H18) were measured using multiplex VLP-based ELISA. For the 36 patients, median interval from 1st dose to 2nd and 3rd doses were 73 and 216 days. Plasma sample 1 was collected at median of 91 days after dose 1, sample 2, 169 and sample 3, 740 after respective vaccine doses. A 4th sample was available for 26 patients, median 2327 days after dose 1. Rank-sum test, Χ 2 or Fisher’s Exact Test were employed. Results Before vaccination, 10 (28%) were seropositive to 1 or more HPV types. The baseline seropositives were older than seronegatives (16 years vs 11; p=0.007). After dose 3 all participants had an Ab response to at least 1 HPV type and 32 (89%) were seropositive for 4 HPV types. Seroconversions were H18, 87%; H16 97%; H11, 100%; H6, 97%. Seroconversions after 1 dose of 4v HPV among the baseline seronegatives were 61%, 90%, 86% and 86%, respectively and 22 became seropositive for all 4 types. The 4 baseline seronegative PLWH with partial seroconversion had higher median HIV viral load (VL) compared to baseline seronegative group with full seroconversion (12,920 vs 101 copies/ml; p = 0.052), but had comparable CD4 counts. The rate of post vaccination seropositivity and baseline to peak titer response for each HPV type was not significantly different for baseline sero-groups. Among baseline seronegative, all 19 sampled distant from vaccination remained seropositive to at least 1 HPV type (84% to 3 or more types) and 6 (32%) became seronegative (sero-reversion). Those showing sero-reversion had higher VL compared to the 14 who remained seropositive (9100 vs 48; p =0.015). Time from last dose of 4v HPV to sample 4, CD4%, age, gender, and race/ethnicity were similar between the groups. Bar Graphs representing Ab response to the 4 HPV types following each dose of 4v HPV vaccine Conclusion In the complex environment of a pediatric HIV specialty clinic, most PLWH mounted Ab responses to 4v HPV that were durable. H18 was least immunogenic. Patients with higher HIV VL were less likely to seroconvert for all types and were more likely to sero-revert. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Impact of Louisiana’s HPV Vaccine Awareness Policy on HPV Vaccination Among 13- to 17-Year-Old Females

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dudith Pierre-Victor ◽  
Mary Jo Trepka ◽  
Timothy F. Page ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Dionne P. Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Physician Recommendation ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
The Impact

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends routine human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization for 11- to 12-year-old adolescents. In 2008, Louisiana required the school boards to distribute HPV vaccine information to parents or guardian of students in Grades 6 to 12. This article investigates the impact of this policy on HPV vaccination among 13- to 17-year-old female adolescents using National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) data. Drawing on the data from the 2008 to 2012 NIS-Teen, we compared the difference in proportions of females who have been vaccinated before and after the policy. Using difference-indifference estimation, we explored the change in vaccination rates before and after the policy implementation in Louisiana compared with Alabama and Mississippi, two states that did not have such a policy in place. The difference-in-differences estimates for HPV vaccination were not significant. Physician recommendation for HPV vaccination was significantly associated with vaccination among females in Louisiana and Alabama (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.74; 95% confidence interval [CI; 5.22, 11.5]), and for those in Louisiana and Mississippi (aOR = 7.05; 95% CI [4.6, 10.5]). Compared to the proportion of female adolescents who had received physician recommendation in Alabama or Mississippi, the proportion in Louisiana did not increase significantly in the postpolicy period. HPV vaccination rates did not increase significantly in Louisiana compared to Alabama or Mississippi following the implementation of the policy. Despite Louisiana’s policy, physician recommendation remains the key determinant of HPV vaccination. HPV vaccine awareness does not necessarily result in HPV vaccination.

scholarly journals Adjuvant HPV Vaccination to Prevent Recurrent Cervical Dysplasia after Surgical Treatment: A Meta-Analysis

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Violante Di Donato ◽  
Giuseppe Caruso ◽  
Marco Petrillo ◽  
Evangelos Kontopantelis ◽  
Innocenza Palaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to discuss evidence supporting the efficacy of adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in reducing the risk of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or greater after surgical treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed for studies reporting the impact of HPV vaccination on reducing the risk of recurrence of CIN 2+ after surgical excision. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. In total, 21,310 patients were included: 4039 (19%) received peri-operational adjuvant HPV vaccination while 17,271 (81%) received surgery alone. The recurrence of CIN 2+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.21–0.56; p < 0.0001). The recurrence of CIN 1+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.31–0.83; p = 0.006). A non-significant trend of reduction rate of HPV persistence was observed in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated cohorts (OR was 0.84; 95% CI 0.61–1.15; p = 0.28). Conclusions: HPV vaccination, in adjuvant setting, is associated with a reduced risk of recurrent CIN 1+ and CIN 2+ after surgical treatment.

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