Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Jumbo Phage from Leaf Litter Compost and Its Suppressive Effect on Rice Seedling Rot Diseases

Jumbo phages have DNA genomes larger than 200 kbp in large virions composed of an icosahedral head, tail, and other adsorption structures, and they are known to be abundant biological substances in nature. In this study, phages in leaf litter compost were screened for their potential to suppress rice seedling rot disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia glumae, and a novel phage was identified in a filtrate-enriched suspension of leaf litter compost. The phage particles consisted of a rigid tailed icosahedral head and contained a DNA genome of 227,105 bp. The phage could lyse five strains of B. glumae and six strains of Burkholderia plantarii. The phage was named jumbo Burkholderia phage FLC6. Proteomic tree analysis revealed that phage FLC6 belongs to the same clade as two jumbo Ralstonia phages, namely RSF1 and RSL2, which are members of the genus Chiangmaivirus (family: Myoviridae; order: Caudovirales). Interestingly, FLC6 could also lyse two strains of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, suggesting that FLC6 has a broad host range that may make it especially advantageous as a bio-control agent for several bacterial diseases in economically important crops. The novel jumbo phage FLC6 may enable leaf litter compost to suppress several bacterial diseases and may itself be useful for controlling plant diseases in crop cultivation.

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Toxoflavin is an Essential Factor for Virulence of Burkholderia glumae Causing Rice Seedling Rot Disease.

Japanese Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.3186/jjphytopath.64.91 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Katsuyoshi YONEYAMA ◽

Yoshiki KONO ◽

Isamu YAMAGUCHI ◽

Mamoru HORIKOSHI ◽

Takashi HIROOKA

Keyword(s):

Rice Seedling ◽

Essential Factor ◽

Burkholderia Glumae ◽

Seedling Rot ◽

Rot Disease

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Isolation and Characterization of Three Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Growth Enhancement of Rice Seedling

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-021-10393-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeping Liu ◽

Xiaolong Zhang ◽

Leibing Li ◽

Ning Xu ◽

Yong Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Rice Seedling ◽

Growth Enhancement ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

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Phylogenetic and Haplotype Network Analyses of Diaporthe eres Species in China Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10030179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Chingchai Chaisiri ◽

Xiangyu Liu ◽

Yang Lin ◽

Yanping Fu ◽

Fuxing Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Haplotype Network ◽

Population Diversity ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Chinese Populations ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Haplotype Networks

Diaporthe eres is considered one of the most important causal agents of many plant diseases, with a broad host range worldwide. In this study, multiple sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), calmodulin gene (CAL), and histone-3 gene (HIS) were used for multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. For phylogenetic analysis, maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inferred (BI) approaches were performed to investigate relationships of D. eres with closely related species. The results strongly support that the D. eres species falls into a monophyletic lineage, with the characteristics of a species complex. Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) analysis showed that clear boundaries could be proposed by using EF1-α, whereas ITS showed an ineffective reconstruction and, thus, was unsuitable for speciating boundaries for Diaporthe species. A combined dataset of EF1-α, CAL, TUB2, and HIS showed strong resolution for Diaporthe species, providing insights for the D. eres complex. Accordingly, besides D. biguttusis, D. camptothecicola, D. castaneae-mollissimae, D. cotoneastri, D. ellipicola, D. longicicola, D. mahothocarpus, D. momicola, D. nobilis, and Phomopsis fukushii, which have already been previously considered the synonymous species of D. eres, another three species, D. henanensis, D. lonicerae and D. rosicola, were further revealed to be synonyms of D. eres in this study. In order to demonstrate the genetic diversity of D. eres species in China, 138 D. eres isolates were randomly selected from previous studies in 16 provinces. These isolates were obtained from different major plant species from 2006 to 2020. The genetic distance was estimated with phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks, and it was revealed that two major haplotypes existed in the Chinese populations of D. eres. The haplotype networks were widely dispersed and not uniquely correlated to specific populations. Overall, our analyses evaluated the phylogenetic identification for D. eres species and demonstrated the population diversity of D. eres in China.

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Isolation and characterization of arsenic resistant soil bacteria and their effects on germination of rice under arsenic contamination

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v2i2.25003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 229-237

Author(s):

Istiaq Ahmed ◽

Md Tofazzal Islam ◽

Md Akhter Hossain Chowdhury ◽

Md Kamruzzaman

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Sodium Arsenite ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Rice Seedling ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Staining ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Resistant Strains

This study was carried out to isolate, screen and characterize arsenic (As) resistant bacteria from As contaminated soils of Dumrakandi and Matlab under Faridpur and Chandpur districts and to evaluate their efficiency in reducing As toxicity against rice seedlings during germination. Thirteen strains were isolated from the soils which showed resistance to different levels of sodium arsenite (viz. 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) in both agar plate and broth assay using BSMY I media. Among the isolates, BTL0011, BTL0012, BTL0015 and BTL0022 showed highest resistance to 40 mM sodium arsenite. Gram staining and KOH solubility test revealed that five strains were gram positive and rest eight was gram negative. They grew well in the liquid media at pH 5.5 to 8.5. In-vitro rice seedling bioassay with two superior isolates (BTL0011 and BTL0022) revealed that As resistant strains significantly enhanced seed germination of BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan47 at 60 ppm As. This study was laid out in CRD with three replications. The performance of BTL 0022 was superior to BTL0011. The overall results suggest that BTL0011 and BTL0022 can be used for bioremediation of As contaminated soils and to increase the germination and seedling growth of rice in As contaminated soils.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(2): 229-237, August 2015

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Diversity and Host Specificity Revealed by Biological Characterization and Whole Genome Sequencing of Bacteriophages Infecting Salmonella enterica

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11090854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 854 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fong ◽

Tremblay ◽

Delaquis ◽

Goodridge ◽

Levesque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Nucleotide Identity ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Knowledge Framework ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Opportunistic Human Pathogen

Phages infecting members of the opportunistic human pathogen, Salmonella enterica, are widespread in natural environments and offer a potential source of agents that could be used for controlling populations of this bacterium; yet, relatively little is known about these phages. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of 45 phages of Salmonella enterica from disparate geographic locations within British Columbia, Canada. Host-range profiling revealed host-specific patterns of susceptibility and resistance, with several phages identified that have a broad-host range (i.e., able to lyse >40% of bacterial hosts tested). One phage in particular, SE13, is able to lyse 51 out of the 61 Salmonella strains tested. Comparative genomic analyses also revealed an abundance of sequence diversity in the sequenced phages. Alignment of the genomes grouped the phages into 12 clusters with three singletons. Phages within certain clusters exhibited extraordinarily high genome homology (>98% nucleotide identity), yet between clusters, genomes exhibited a span of diversity (<50% nucleotide identity). Alignment of the major capsid protein also supported the clustering pattern observed with alignment of the whole genomes. We further observed associations between genomic relatedness and the site of isolation, as well as genetic elements related to DNA metabolism and host virulence. Our data support the knowledge framework for phage diversity and phage–host interactions that are required for developing phage-based applications for various sectors, including biocontrol, detection and typing.

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Silicon control of bacterial and viral diseases in plants

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.1515/jppr-2016-0052 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 331-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nachaat Sakr

Keyword(s):

Plant Resistance ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Complex Interaction ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Physical Defense ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Current Review

AbstractSilicon plays an important role in providing tolerance to various abiotic stresses and augmenting plant resistance against diseases. However, there is a paucity of reports about the effect of silicon on bacterial and viral pathogens of plants. In general, the effect of silicon on plant resistance against bacterial diseases is considered to be due to either physical defense or increased biochemical defense. In this study, the interaction between silicon foliar or soil-treatments and reduced bacterial and viral severity was reviewed. The current review explains the agricultural importance of silicon in plants, refers to the control of bacterial pathogens in different crop plants by silicon application, and underlines the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance. A section about the effect of silicon in decreasing viral disease intensity was highlighted. By combining the data presented in this study, a better comprehension of the complex interaction between silicon foliar- or soil-applications and bacterial and viral plant diseases could be achieved.

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Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia glumae BGR1

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00349-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 191 (11) ◽

pp. 3758-3759 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

JaeYun Lim ◽

Tae-Ho Lee ◽

Baek Hie Nahm ◽

Yang Do Choi ◽

Minkyun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Burkholderia Glumae ◽

Field Crops ◽

Seedling Rot

ABSTRACT Burkholderia glumae is the causative agent of grain and seedling rot in rice and of bacterial wilt in many field crops. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of B. glumae BGR1 isolated from a diseased rice panicle in Korea.

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The Role of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases

Scientific Inquiry and Review ◽

10.32350/sir/2020/43/981 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 14-26

Author(s):

Muneeza Munir ◽

Shabir Hussain ◽

Rubi Anwar ◽

Muhammad Waqas ◽

Jigar Ali

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Bone Allograft ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Body Parts ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Silver Nps ◽

Bone Inflammation

Nanotechnology is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. It has shown a good role in regenerating, restoring and repairing damaged body parts, such as the heart, lungs and blood vessels. Nanoparticles (NPs) are helpful in osteoblasts formation and also used in the treatment of bone inflammation, skin infections, tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Parkinson’s disease, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. They also assist the anti-inflammatory drugs in penetrating the skin. Platinum nanoparticles (NP) are used in bone allograft and dentistry while silver NPs possess an excellent potential against viruses, fungi and bacteria. For diagnostic purposes, nanoparticles are mostly used in the form of nanorobots, microchips and biosensors. Quantum dots give information about the tumor; the gold nano-particles are ideal to detect the antibodies of hepatitis and also for RNA and DNA delivery. Nanomaterials play an important role in the management of plant diseases and the activation of their defense mechanisms. The NPs of copper and silver are directly toxic to microorganisms while those of zinc, silicon, manganese, copper and boron have a function in host defense as a fertilizer and alter the nutritional status of the crop. Enzyme-based biosensors coated with Ti, Cu, Ag or Au-NPs greatly enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic probes for the detection of plant infections. The nano-Zn products have been effectively used to control viral, fungal, phytoplasma or bacterial diseases in crop plants. Nanoparticles are also used in packing edible food films.

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THE MOST COMMON DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN THE ENTITY OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

AGROFOR ◽

10.7251/agreng1702024b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Vojislav TRKULJA ◽

Bojana ĆURKOVIĆ ◽

Jelena VASIĆ ◽

Bojana VUKOVIĆ ◽

Gordana BABIĆ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ornamental Plants ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Wilt Virus

During five year period (2011-2015) on territory of Republic of Srpska thecontinuous monitoring was carried out on different ornamental flowers for thepresence of plant diseases. For laboratory analysis following species Alyssum sp.,Aster sp., Bacopa sp., Begonia sp., Bellis perennis, Calceolaria sp.,Chrysanthemum sp., Cyclamen sp., Dahlia sp., Dianthus sp., Fuchsia sp., Gazaniasp., Gloxinia sp., Lobelia sp., Myosotis sp., Pelargonium sp., Petunia sp.,Petuniaxhybrida, Phlox sp., Plectranthus sp., Portulaca grandiflora, Primula sp.,Ranunculus sp., Rusmarinus officinalis, Salvia sp., Sansevaria sp., Tagetes sp.,Impatiens sp., Verbena sp. and Viola sp. were taken. Determination of causalpathogens was carried out on the basis of studying their morphological, pathogenic,biochemical and physiological, serological and molecular characteristics. The mostcommon causal pathogens were Alternaria sp., Botrytis sp., Golvonomyces sp.,Pestalotia sp., Phomopsis sp., Peronospora sp., Phytophtora sp., Puccinia sp. andSeptoria sp. Also, in much less extent, bacterial and viruses diseases were present.The most common bacterial diseases appear to be genera Pseudomonas andErwinia, while the most frequent plant viruses were Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) and Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV).

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