scholarly journals Serological Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Naturally-Infected Mink and Other Experimentally-Infected Animals

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Berguido ◽  
Peter D. Burbelo ◽  
Alessio Bortolami ◽  
Francesco Bonfante ◽  
Kerstin Wernike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Animal Reservoir ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
Kappa Agreement

The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in humans from a yet unidentified animal reservoir and the capacity of the virus to naturally infect pets, farmed animals and potentially wild animals has highlighted the need for serological surveillance tools. In this study, the luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS), employing the spike (S) and nucleocapsid proteins (N) of SARS-CoV-2, was used to examine the suitability of the assay for antibody detection in different animal species. Sera from SARS-CoV-2 naturally-infected mink (n = 77), SARS-CoV-2 experimentally-infected ferrets, fruit bats and hamsters and a rabbit vaccinated with a purified spike protein were examined for antibodies using the SARS-CoV-2 N and/or S proteins. From comparison with the known neutralization status of the serum samples, statistical analyses including calculation of the Spearman rank-order-correlation coefficient and Cohen’s kappa agreement were used to interpret the antibody results and diagnostic performance. The LIPS immunoassay robustly detected the presence of viral antibodies in naturally infected SARS-CoV-2 mink, experimentally infected ferrets, fruit bats and hamsters as well as in an immunized rabbit. For the SARS-CoV-2-LIPS-S assay, there was a good level of discrimination between the positive and negative samples for each of the five species tested with 100% agreement with the virus neutralization results. In contrast, the SARS-CoV-2-LIPS-N assay did not consistently differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative sera. This study demonstrates the suitability of the SARS-CoV-2-LIPS-S assay for the sero-surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a range of animal species.

scholarly journals Porcine Circovirus 3a Field Strains in Free-Living Wild Boars in Paraná State, Brazil

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carolina Gomes Dutra de Souza ◽  
Danielle Gava ◽  
Rejane Schaefer ◽  
Raquel Arruda Leme ◽  
Gisele da Silva Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
The World

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) was identified in domestic pigs worldwide. Although PCV-3 has also been detected in wild boars, information regarding its circulation in this free-living animal species is scarce. To investigate PCV-3 occurrence in free-living wild boars in Brazil, 70 serum samples collected between January 2017 and June 2019 in Paraná state, Brazil were analyzed by PCR assay. Amplicons measuring 330 bp in length were amplified in seven (10.0%) of the serum samples and confirmed to be PCV3-specific by nucleotide (nt) sequencing. As the amplified products from the serum samples yielded only intermediate levels of viral DNA, lung samples from the seven PCR-positive wild boars were also evaluated by PCR. Of these samples, five lung samples were positive and provided high levels of viral DNA. The three lung samples that presented the highest levels of viral DNA were selected for amplification and sequencing of the whole PCV-3 genome. The three full-length sequences obtained were grouped in PCV-3 clade “a”, and the sequences exhibited 100% nucleotide similarity among them. The PCV-3 field strains of this study showed nucleotide and amino acid similarities of 98.5–99.8% and 98.8–100%, respectively, with whole-genome PCV-3 sequences from around the world.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical correlation of hepatitis E virus antibody in the patients’ serum samples from a tertiary care hospital in Thailand during 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiporn Boonyai ◽  
Anchalee Thongput ◽  
Thidarat Sisaeng ◽  
Parisut Phumchan ◽  
Navin Horthongkham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies

Abstract Background Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis caused by HEV infection are usually higher in developing countries. This study demonstrated the HEV seroprevalence and incidence of HEV infection in patients with clinical hepatitis in a tertiary hospital in Thailand. Methods A laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted using 1106 serum samples from patients suspected of HEV infection sent to the Serology laboratory, Siriraj Hospital, for detecting HEV antibodies during 2015–2018. Prevalence of anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibodies in general patients, including organ transplant recipients and pregnant women in a hospital setting, were determined using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Comparison of laboratory data between groups with different HEV serological statuses was performed. Results HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 40.82% of 904 serum samples, while HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 11.75% of 1081 serum samples. Similar IgG and IgM antibody detection rates were found in pregnant women. Interestingly, anti-HEV IgM antibodies were detected in 38.5% of patients who underwent organ transplantation. Patients who tested positive for anti-HEV IgM antibodies had higher alanine aminotransferase levels than those who had not. In contrast, patients who tested positive for anti-HEV IgG had more elevated levels of total bilirubin than those who tested negative. Conclusions HEV seroprevalence and incidence in patients with clinical hepatitis were relatively high in the Thai population, including the pregnancy and organ transplant subgroups. The results potentially benefit the clinicians in decision-making to investigate HEV antibodies and facilitating proper management for patients.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection by Detection of Specific Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA Antibodies in Serum and Saliva

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Balmaseda ◽  
María G. Guzmán ◽  
Samantha Hammond ◽  
Guillermo Robleto ◽  
Carolina Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Feasible Alternative

ABSTRACT To evaluate alternative approaches to the serological diagnosis of dengue virus (DEN) infection, the detection of DEN-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies in serum and saliva specimens was assessed in 147 patients with symptoms of DEN infection seen at the Ministry of Health in Nicaragua. Seventy-two serum samples were determined to be positive for anti-DEN antibodies by IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the routine diagnostic procedure. Serum and saliva specimens were obtained from 50 healthy adults as additional controls. IgM was detected in the saliva of 65 of the 72 serum IgM-positive cases, 6 of the 75 serum IgM-negative cases, and none of the control group, resulting in a sensitivity of 90.3% and a specificity of 92.0% and demonstrating that salivary IgM is a useful diagnostic marker for DEN infection. Detection of IgA in serum may be another feasible alternative for the diagnosis of DEN infection, with serum IgA found in 68 (94.4%) of the IgM-positive cases. In contrast, detection of IgA in saliva was not found to be a useful tool for DEN diagnosis in the present study. Further studies of the kinetics of antibody detection in another set of 151 paired acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples showed that DEN-specific IgA antibodies were detected in more acute-phase samples than were IgM antibodies. Thus, we conclude that DEN-specific IgA in serum is a potential diagnostic target. Furthermore, given that saliva is a readily obtainable, noninvasive specimen, detection of DEN-specific salivary IgM should be considered a useful, cheaper diagnostic modality with similar sensitivity and specificity to IgM detection in serum.

Specific phage-displayed peptides discriminate different forms of neurocysticercosis by antibody detection in the serum samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. MANHANI ◽  
V. S. RIBEIRO ◽  
R. CARDOSO ◽  
C. UEIRA-VIEIRA ◽  
L. R. GOULART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Phage

scholarly journals Help in the Choice of Automated or Semiautomated Immunoassays for Serological Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis: Evaluation of Nine Immunoassays by the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 3034-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Villard ◽  
B. Cimon ◽  
C. L'Ollivier ◽  
H. Fricker-Hidalgo ◽  
N. Godineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
National Reference Center ◽  
Serology Testing

Toxoplasmosis, a benign infection, is asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic in over 80% of cases, except in immunocompetent patients suffering from ocular toxoplasmosis or in immunocompromised patients with opportunistic or congenital toxoplasmosis. Diagnosis is based mainly on serology testing. Thus, we compared the performance of the nine most commonly used commercial automated or semiautomated immunoassays for IgG and IgMToxoplasma gondiiantibody detection, that is, the Advia Centaur, Architect, AxSYM, Elecsys, Enzygnost, Liaison, Platelia, VIDAS, and VIDIA assays. The assays were conducted on four panels of serum samples derived during routine testing from patients with an interfering disease and who exhibited a low IgG antibody level in one of two clinical settings, namely, acute or chronic toxoplasmosis. As a result, IgG sensitivities ranged from 97.1% to 100%, and IgG specificities ranged from 99.5% to 100%. For IgG quantification, strong differences in IgG titers (expressed in IU/ml) were noted depending on the assay used. IgM sensitivities ranged from 65% to 97.9%, and IgM specificities ranged from 92.6% to 100%. For defining the best serological strategies to be implemented, it appears crucial to compare the diagnostic performance of the different tests with respect to their specificity and sensitivity in detecting the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies.

Prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Northern Portugal: risk factor analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2126-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. VALE-GONÇALVES ◽  
J. A. CABRAL ◽  
M. C. FARIA ◽  
M. NUNES-PEREIRA ◽  
A. S. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Antibodies Detection

SUMMARYLeptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, caused by infection with pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. The wild boar (Sus scrofa), an important hunting species in Europe, seems to play a significant role in the epidemiological cycle of leptospirosis. A total of 101 serum samples from wild boar hunted in Northern Portugal were analysed for leptospiral antibodies detection by microscopic agglutination test. Sera were collected during hunting seasons (2011–2013) and tested with 17 different pathogenic serovars of Leptospira. Antibodies against nine serovars were detected in 66 (65·4%) of these sera. Serovars Tarassovi and Altodouro exhibited the highest seroreactivity rates (23·8% and 16·8%, respectively), followed by Autumnalis (7·9%) and Bratislava (6·9%). Age and district of origin were found to be risk factors for the presence of leptospiral antibodies in contrast to gender. From a One Health perspective, this study revealed that wild boar should be considered as a potential source of leptospirosis dissemination for humans and animal species (domestic and wild) in shared environments, particularly in the Trás-os-Montes region.

scholarly journals The latest FAD – Faecal antibody detection in cattle. Protocol and results from three UK beef farms naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Cooke ◽  
K. A. Watt ◽  
E. R. Morgan ◽  
J. A. J. Dungait
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Immunological Protection

AbstractAntibodies at gastrointestinal mucosal membranes play a vital role in immunological protection against a range of pathogens, including helminths. Gastrointestinal health is central to efficient livestock production, and such infections cause significant losses. Fecal samples were taken from 114 cattle, across three beef farms, with matched blood samples taken from 22 of those animals. To achieve fecal antibody detection, a novel fecal supernatant was extracted. Fecal supernatant and serum samples were then analysed, using adapted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocols, for levels of total immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, andTeladorsagia circumcincta-specific IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE (in the absence of reagents for cattle-specific nematode species). Fecal nematode egg counts were conducted on all fecal samples. Assays performed successfully and showed that IgA was the predominant antibody in fecal samples, whereas IgG was predominant in serum. Total IgA in feces and serum correlated within individuals (0.581,P= 0.005), but other Ig types did not. Results support the hypothesis that the tested protocols are an effective method for the non-invasive assessment of cattle immunology. The method could be used as part of animal health assessments, although further work is required to interpret the relationship between results and levels of infection and immunity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an In-House-Developed Radioassay Kit for Antibody Detection in Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Tuberculous Meningitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-993
Author(s):  
M. Kameswaran ◽  
K. Shetty ◽  
M. K. Ray ◽  
M. A. Jaleel ◽  
G. V. Kadival
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Early Administration ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
User Friendly

ABSTRACT A radioassay for the detection of antitubercular antibody has been developed. The technique involves the addition of 125I-labeled Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen as a tracer, diluted clinical sample (serum or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]), and heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus to capture the antibody, incubation for 4 h, and quantitation of the amount of antibody present in the sample. A total of 330 serum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 138 control serum samples from individuals who were vaccinated with M. bovis BCG and from patients with pulmonary disorders of nontubercular origin were analyzed. Also, 26 CSF samples from patients with tuberculous meningitis and 24 CSF samples as controls from patients with central nervous system disorders of nontuberculous origin were analyzed. Sensitivities of 80 and 73% were observed for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis, respectively, and specificities of 90 and 88% were seen for the two groups of patients, respectively. The sensitivity was lower, however, for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients coinfected with M. tuberculosis. The control population could be differentiated from the patient population. This assay is rapid and user friendly and, with its good sensitivity and specificity, should benefit the population by providing diagnoses early in the course of disease and, hence, permit the early administration of appropriate chemotherapy.

scholarly journals A Rapid Immunochromatography Test Based on Hcp1 Is a Potential Point-of-Care Test for Serological Diagnosis of Melioidosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phornpun Phokrai ◽  
Wisansanee Karoonboonyanan ◽  
Nida Thanapattarapairoj ◽  
Chidchanok Promkong ◽  
Adul Dulsuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTMelioidosis is a fatal infectious disease caused by the environmental bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomallei. It is highly endemic in Asia and northern Australia but neglected in many other tropical countries. Melioidosis patients have a wide range of clinical manifestations, and definitive diagnosis requires bacterial culture, which can be time-consuming. A reliable rapid serological tool is greatly needed for disease surveillance and diagnosis. We previously demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that a hemolysin-coregulated protein (Hcp1) is a promising target for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. In this study, we developed a rapid immunochromatography test (ICT) using Hcp1 as the target antigen (Hcp1-ICT). We evaluated this test for specific antibody detection using serum samples obtained from 4 groups of human subjects, including the following: (i) 487 culture-confirmed melioidosis patients from four hospitals in northeast Thailand; (ii) 202 healthy donors from northeast Thailand; (iii) 90 U.S. healthy donors; and (iv) 207 patients infected with other organisms. Compared to culture results as a gold standard, the sensitivity of ICT for all hospitals was 88.3%. The specificities for Thai donors and U.S. donors were 86.1% and 100%, respectively, and the specificity for other infections was 91.8%. The results of the Hcp1-ICT demonstrated 92.4% agreement with the Hcp1-ELISA results with a kappa value of 0.829, indicating that the method is much improved compared with the current serological method, the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) (69.5% sensitivity and 67.6% specificity for Thais). The Hcp1-ICT represents a potential point-of-care (POC) test and may be used to replace the IHA for screening of melioidosis in hospitals as well as in resource-limited areas.

scholarly journals Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins as targets for antibody detection in severe and mild COVID-19 cases using a Luminex bead-based assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 114025
Author(s):  
Joachim Mariën ◽  
Ann Ceulemans ◽  
Johan Michiels ◽  
Leo Heyndrickx ◽  
Karen Kerkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Nucleocapsid Proteins
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